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Signal Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>We propose a new array configuration composed of multi-scale scalar arrays and a single triangular spatially spread electromagnetic-vector-sensor (SS-EMVS) for high-accuracy two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Two scalar arrays are placed along <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>-axis and <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>-axis, respectively, each array consists of two uniform linear arrays (ULAs), and these two ULAs have different inter-element spacings. In this manner, these two scalar arrays form a multi-scale L-shaped array. The two arms of this L-shaped scalar array are connected by a six-component SS-EMVS, which is composed of a spatially spread dipole-triad plus a spatially spread loop-triad. All the inter-element spacings in our proposed array can be larger than a half-wavelength of the incident source, thus to form a sparse array to mitigate the mutual coupling across antennas. In the proposed DOA estimation algorithm, we perform the vector-cross-product algorithm to the SS-EMVS to obtain a set of low-accuracy but unambiguous direction cosine estimation as a reference; we then impose estimation of signal parameters via rotation invariant technique (ESPRIT) algorithm to the two scalar arrays to get two sets of high-accuracy but cyclically ambiguous direction cosine estimations. Finally, the coarse estimation is used to disambiguate the fine but ambiguous estimations progressively and therefore a multiple-order disambiguation algorithm is developed. The proposed array enjoys the superiority of low redundancy and low mutual coupling. Moreover, the thresholds of the inter-sensor spacings utilized in the proposed array are also analyzed. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed array geometry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-019-0642-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T06:51:48Z","timestamp":1568184708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A single triangular SS-EMVS aided high-accuracy DOA estimation using a multi-scale L-shaped sparse array"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minglei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Baixiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"642_CR1","volume-title":"Optimum Array Processing: Part IV of Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory","author":"H. 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