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Signal Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has been discussed extensively in the array signal processing field. In this paper, the authors focus on the multi-source DOA information which is defined as the mutual information between the DOA and the received signal contaminated by complex additive white Gaussian noise. A theoretical expression of DOA information with multiple sources is derived for the uniform linear array. At high SNRs and under the sparse-source assumption obtained is the upper bound of DOA information contained in\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    sparse sources which can be regarded as the sum of all single-source information minus the uncertainty of sources\u2019 order log\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    !. Moreover, because of the uncertainty of multi-sources\u2019 order, the posteriori probability distribution of DOA no longer obeys single peak Gaussian distribution so that the mean square error is unsuitable in evaluating the performance of multi-dimensional parameter estimation. Consequently, entropy error (EE) is used as a new performance evaluation metric, whose relationship with DOA information is given.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-020-00700-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T02:02:46Z","timestamp":1600740166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The upper bound of multi-source DOA information in sensor array and its application in performance evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Weilin","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dazhuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"700_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/79.526899","volume":"13","author":"H. 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