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Adv. Signal Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered one of the core technologies in sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication. In this paper, we investigate an aerial IRS (AIRS)-enhanced cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)system where multiple APs serve a high-speed mobile user simultaneously. The mobility of the user leads to fast time-varying and nonnegligible Doppler frequency offsets (DFOs), which cause a serious threat to link performance. To overcome the influence of the Doppler effect and reduce the energy consumption of the system, we propose a Doppler compensation and transmission method by using the AIRS. Specifically, we divide the AIRS reflection phase shift vector into two parts: one part is used for Doppler compensation, and the other is used for transmission. First, we propose an angle-sensing algorithm to obtain the user angle in each coherent time (CT) and use it to design a Doppler compensation vector. Then, we propose an angle information-aided transmission strategy to design the transmission reflecting vector, the beamforming vector, and the power allocation coefficient of each AP to minimize the transmission power of all APs at a required achievable rate. The simulation results show that we can significantly reduce the total transmission power by using the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-021-00781-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T08:03:02Z","timestamp":1628928182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Aerial intelligent reflecting surface-enhanced cell-free massive MIMO for high-mobility communication: joint Doppler compensation and power optimization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhexian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linpu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"781_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900107","volume":"58","author":"Q. 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