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A great deal of work has focused on the possibility of conditioning the generation process in order to be able to create music according to human-understandable parameters. In this paper, we propose a technique for generating chord progressions conditioned on harmonic complexity, as grounded in the Western music theory. More specifically, we consider a pre-existing dataset annotated with the related complexity values and we train two variations of Variational Autoencoders (VAE), namely a Conditional-VAE (CVAE) and a Regressor-based VAE (RVAE), in order to condition the latent space depending on the complexity. Through a listening test, we analyze the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13636-023-00288-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T14:33:06Z","timestamp":1684161186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Variational Autoencoders for chord sequence generation conditioned on Western harmonic music complexity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4167-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Comanducci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Gioiosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Zanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Antonacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"288_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. 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