{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T04:35:04Z","timestamp":1747802104882,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425945600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The article reports vehicular channel measurements in the frequency band of 5.8 GHz for IEEE 802.11p standard. Experiments for both intra-vehicle and out-of-vehicle environments were carried out. It was observed that the large-scale variations (LSVs) of the power delay profiles (PDPs) can be best described through a two-term exponential decay model, in contrast to the linear models which are suitable for popular ultra-wideband (UWB) systems operating in the 3- to 11-GHz band. The small-scale variations (SSVs) are separated from the PDP by subtracting the LSV and characterized utilizing logistic, generalized extreme value (GEV), and normal distributions. Two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) tests validated that the logistic distribution is optimal for in-car, whereas the GEV distribution serves better for out-of-car measurements. For each measurement, the LSV trend was used to construct the respective channel impulse response (CIR), i.e., tap gains at different delays. Next, the CIR information is fed to an 802.11p simulation testbed to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance, following a Rician model. The BER results strongly vouch for the suitability of the protocol for in-car as well as out-of-car wireless applications in stationary environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-015-0273-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,9]],"date-time":"2015-03-09T18:32:32Z","timestamp":1425925952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In-vehicle channel sounding in the 5.8-GHz band"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Pavel","family":"Kukolev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Proke\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Zemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph F","family":"Mecklenbr\u00e4uker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"273_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6194400","volume":"50","author":"J Gozalvez","year":"2012","unstructured":"J Gozalvez, M Sepulcre, R Bauza, IEEE 802.11p vehicle to infrastructure communications in urban environments. IEEE Commun. Mag. 50(5), 176\u2013183 (2012).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1145\/2076450.2076470","volume":"55","author":"M Faezipour","year":"2012","unstructured":"M Faezipour, M Nourani, A Saeed, S Addepalli, Progress and challenges in intelligent vehicle area networks. Commun. ACM. 55(2), 90\u2013100 (2012).","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4539481","volume":"46","author":"H Hartenstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"H Hartenstein, KP Laberteaux, A tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 46(6), 164\u2013171 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - telecommunications and information exchange between systems - local and metropolitan area networks - specific requirements - part 11: wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications amendment 6: wireless access in vehicular environments. IEEE Std. 802, 1\u201351 (Jul. 2010). doi: 10.1109\/IEEESTD.2010.5514475.","key":"273_CR4","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2010.5514475"},{"unstructured":"Society IEEE Vehicular Technology, IEEE guide for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) - architecture. IEEE Std. 1069, P1609.0\/D7.0,, 1\u201377 (Mar. 2014). http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/servlet\/opac?punumber=6576803.","key":"273_CR5"},{"unstructured":"CAR 2 CAR communication consortium: overview of the C2C-CC system. Manifesto, 1\u201394 (Aug. 2007). http:\/\/elib.dlr.de\/48380\/1\/C2C-CC_manifesto_v1.1.pdf.","key":"273_CR6"},{"unstructured":"M Muller, WLAN 802.11p Measurements for Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) DSRC. Application note Rohde & Schwarz: 1 MA152_Oe, 1\u201325 (Sep. 2009). www.rohde-schwarz.cz\/file\/1MA152_2e.pdf.","key":"273_CR7"},{"issue":"7","key":"273_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2101990","volume":"99","author":"CF Mecklenbrauker","year":"2011","unstructured":"CF Mecklenbrauker, AF Molisch, J Karedal, F Tufvesson, A Paier, L Bernado, T Zemen, O Klemp, N Czink, Vehicular channel characterization and its implications for wireless system design and performance. Proc. IEEE. 99(7), 1189\u20131212 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"273_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2009.5307472","volume":"47","author":"W Cheng-Xiang","year":"2009","unstructured":"W Cheng-Xiang, C Xiang, DI Laurenson, Vehicle-to-vehicle channel modeling and measurements: recent advances and future challenges. IEEE Commun. Mag. 47, 96\u2013103 (2009).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A Paier, J Karedal, N Czink, H Hofstetter, C Dumard, T Zemen, F Tufvesson, CF Mecklenbrauker, AF Molisch, in Proc. IEEE PIMRC. First results from car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure radio channel measurements at 5.2 GHz (Athens, 2007), pp. 1\u20135.","key":"273_CR10","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2007.4394143"},{"key":"273_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2008.917435","volume":"2","author":"G Acosta-Marum","year":"2007","unstructured":"G Acosta-Marum, MA Ingram, Six time- and frequency-selective empirical channel models for vehicular wireless LANs. IEEE Veh. Tech. Mag. 2, 4\u201311 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Veh. Tech. Mag"},{"key":"273_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2006.1580935","volume":"44","author":"S Biswas","year":"2006","unstructured":"S Biswas, R Tatchikou, F Dion, Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols for enhancing highway traffic safety. IEEE Commun. Mag. 44, 74\u201382 (2006).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2271956","volume":"63","author":"L Bernado","year":"2014","unstructured":"L Bernado, T Zemen, F Tufvesson, AF Molisch, CF Mecklenbrauker, Delay and Doppler spreads of non-stationary vehicular channels for safety relevant scenarios. IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech. 63(1), 82\u201393 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L Bernado, T Zemen, F Tufvesson, AF Molisch, CF Mecklenbrauker, Time- and frequency-varying K-factor of non-stationary vehicular channels for safety-relevant scenarios. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst, 1\u201311 (2015). doi: 10.1109\/TITS.2014.2349364.","key":"273_CR14","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2014.2349364"},{"issue":"5","key":"273_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4511654","volume":"46","author":"L Cheng","year":"2008","unstructured":"L Cheng, BE Henty, R Cooper, DD Stancil, F Bai, A measurement study of time-scaled 802.11a waveforms over the mobile-to-mobile vehicular channel at 5.9 GHz. IEEE Commun. Mag. 46(5), 84\u201391 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2008.922881","volume":"9","author":"I Sen","year":"2008","unstructured":"I Sen, DW Matolak, Vehicle-vehicle channel models for the 5-GHz band. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 9(2), 235\u2013245 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F Maehara, R Kaneko, A Yamakita, S Goto, in Proc. IEEE CSNDSP. Coverage performance of MB-OFDM UWB in-car wireless communication (Newcastle upon TyneUK, 2010), pp. 417\u2013421.","key":"273_CR17","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNDSP16145.2010.5580381"},{"unstructured":"M Schack, R Geise, I Schmidt, R Piesiewiczk, T Kurner, in Proc. IEEE EuCAP. UWB channel measurements inside different car types (Berlin, Germany, 2009), pp. 640\u2013644.","key":"273_CR18"},{"issue":"806209","key":"273_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"2009","author":"W Niu","year":"2009","unstructured":"W Niu, J Li, T Talty, Ultra-wideband channel modeling for intravehicle environment. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Net. 2009(806209), 1\u201312 (2009).","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Net"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DW Matolak, A Chandrasekaran, in Proc. IEEE VTC. 5 GHz intra-vehicle channel characterization (Quebec City, QC, 2012), pp. 1\u20135.","key":"273_CR20","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2012.6399095"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M Wellens, B Westphal, P Mahonen, in Proc. IEEE VTC. Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11-based WLANs in vehicular scenarios (Dublin, 2007), pp. 1167\u20131171.","key":"273_CR21","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2007.247"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2014.04.001","volume":"1","author":"FA Teixeira","year":"2014","unstructured":"FA Teixeira, VF e Silva, JL Leoni, DF Macedo, JMS Nogueira, Vehicular networks using the IEEE 802.11p standard: an experimental analysis. Vehic. Commun. 1(2), 91\u201396 (2014).","journal-title":"Vehic. Commun"},{"unstructured":"M Jankiraman, Space-Time Codes and MIMO Systems (Artech House, Boston, London, 2004).","key":"273_CR23"},{"unstructured":"P Pupalaikis, in Proc. DesignCon. The relationship between discrete frequency s-parameters and continuous frequency responses (UBM, 2012).","key":"273_CR24"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Hansen, M Nold, in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, 1. Analytic calculation of the power delay profile for single room wireless LAN environments (San Francisco, CA, USA, 2000), pp. 98\u2013102.","key":"273_CR25","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2000.891702"},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2003.813815","volume":"7","author":"J Hansen","year":"2003","unstructured":"J Hansen, An analytical calculation of power delay profile and delay spread with experimental verification. IEEE Commun. Lett. 7(6), 257\u2013259 (2003).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett"},{"issue":"19613","key":"273_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2007.6182807","volume":"2007","author":"H Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"H Yang, P Smulders, M Herben, Channel characteristics and transmission performance for various channel configurations at 60 GHz. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Net. 2007(19613), 1\u201315 (2007).","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Net"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Guerin, YJ Guo, SK Barton, in Proc. IEEE ICAP, 2. Indoor propagation measurements at 5 GHz for HIPERLAN (Edinburgh, UK, 1997), pp. 306\u2013310.","key":"273_CR28","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:19970388"},{"key":"273_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/p191","volume-title":"Extreme Value Distributions: Theory and Applications","author":"S Kotz","year":"2000","unstructured":"S Kotz, S Nadarajah, Extreme Value Distributions: Theory and Applications (Imperial College Press, London, UK, 2000)."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Blumenstein, T Mikulasek, R Marsalek, A Chandra, A Prokes, T Zemen, C Mecklenbrauker, in IEEE VNC. In-vehicle UWB channel measurement, model and spatial consistency (Paderborn, Germany, 2014), pp. 77\u201380.","key":"273_CR30","DOI":"10.1109\/VNC.2014.7013312"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Blumenstein, T Mikulasek, R Marsalek, A Prokes, T Zemen, C Mecklenbrauker, in Proc. IEEE VTC. In-vehicle mm-wave channel model and measurement (Vancouver, Canada, 2014), pp. 1\u20135.","key":"273_CR31","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2014.6966022"},{"key":"273_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722227","volume-title":"A Primer on Statistical Distributions","author":"N Balakrishnan","year":"2003","unstructured":"N Balakrishnan, VB Nebzorov, A Primer on Statistical Distributions (John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 2003)."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H El-Sallabi, DS Baum, P Zetterberg, P Kyosti, T Rautiainen, C Schneider, in Proc. IEEE VTC, 6. Wideband spatial channel model for MIMO systems at 5 GHz in indoor and outdoor environments (Melbourne, Australia, 2006), pp. 2916\u20132921.","key":"273_CR33","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2006.1683402"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325800","volume":"20","author":"Y Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Y Guo, J Zhang, C Tao, L Liu, L Tian, Propagation characteristics of wideband high-speed railway channel in viaduct scenario at 2.35 GHz. J Modern Transportation. 20(4), 206\u2013212 (2012).","journal-title":"J Modern Transportation"},{"issue":"253","key":"273_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1951.10500769","volume":"46","author":"FJ Massey","year":"1951","unstructured":"FJ Massey, The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit. J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 46(253), 66\u201378 (1951).","journal-title":"J. Am. Statist. Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2294357","volume":"63","author":"U Demir","year":"2014","unstructured":"U Demir, CU Bas, SC Ergen, Engine compartment UWB channel model for intravehicular wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech. 63(6), 2497\u20132505 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR37","first-page":"7","volume":"4","author":"P Kukolev","year":"2013","unstructured":"P Kukolev, Comparison of 802.11a and 802. 11p over fading channels. Elektrorevue. 4(1), 7\u201311 (2013).","journal-title":"Elektrorevue"},{"unstructured":"P Kukolev, in Proc. Radioelektronika. BER performance of 802.11p standard over an ITU- R multipath channel (Pardubice, Czech Republic, 2013), pp. 391\u2013396.","key":"273_CR38"},{"key":"273_CR39","volume-title":"The vehicular radio channel in the 5 GHz band. PhD Thesis","author":"A Paier","year":"2010","unstructured":"A Paier, The vehicular radio channel in the 5 GHz band. PhD Thesis (Technischen Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria, 2010)."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-015-0273-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-015-0273-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-015-0273-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-015-0273-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T20:21:02Z","timestamp":1747772462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-015-0273-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-015-0273-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-1499"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 November 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"57"}}