{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:09:59Z","timestamp":1767211799970,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61471252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61471252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-017-1018-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T12:22:10Z","timestamp":1516018930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Energy-efficiency opportunistic spectrum allocation in cognitive wireless sensor network"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2018","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5451-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2320051","volume":"16","author":"J Horneber","year":"2014","unstructured":"J Horneber, A Hergenroder, A survey on testbeds and experimentation environments for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials. 16(4), 1820\u20131838 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"issue":"3","key":"1018_CR2","first-page":"37","volume":"17","author":"MA Alsheikh","year":"2014","unstructured":"MA Alsheikh, Markov Decision processes with applications in wireless sensor networks: a survey. arXiv. 17(3), 37 (2014).","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"issue":"9","key":"1018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11196","DOI":"10.3390\/s130911196","volume":"13","author":"GP Joshi","year":"2013","unstructured":"GP Joshi, SY Nam, SW Kim, Cognitive radio wireless sensor networks: applications, challenges and research trends. Sensors (Basel Switzerland). 13(9), 11196\u201311228 (2013).","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel Switzerland)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1018_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.10.002","volume":"51","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2007","unstructured":"IF Akyildiz, T Melodia, KR Chowdhury, A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks. Comput. Netw. (Elsevier). 51(4), 921\u2013960 (2007).","journal-title":"Comput. Netw. (Elsevier)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2009.01.001","volume":"7","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2009","unstructured":"IF Akyildiz, W-Y Lee, K Chowdhury, CRAHNs: cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Netw. J. (Elsevier). 7(5), 810\u2013836 (2009).","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw. J. (Elsevier)"},{"key":"1018_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Yau, P Komisarczuk, P Teal, in Proceedings of the 34th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks. Cognitive radio-based wireless sensor networks: conceptual design and open issues (Zurich, 2009), pp. 955\u2013962.","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2009.5355016"},{"issue":"2","key":"1018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2009.03.004","volume":"36","author":"L Khalid","year":"2010","unstructured":"L Khalid, A Anpalagan, Emerging cognitive radio technology: principles, challenges and opportunities. Comput. Electr. Eng. 36(2), 358\u2013366 (2010).","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"1018_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2320099","volume":"16","author":"MA Alsheikh","year":"2014","unstructured":"MA Alsheikh, S Lin, D Niyato, HP Tan, Machine learning in wireless sensor networks: algorithms, strategies, and applications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials. 16(4), 1\u201323 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"key":"1018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2015.07.011","volume":"22","author":"M Husain","year":"2015","unstructured":"M Husain, R Guest, M Shadaram, S Zeadally, P Bellavista, Recent developments in cognitive radio sensor networks. Pervasive Mobile Comput.22:, 1\u20132 (2015).","journal-title":"Pervasive Mobile Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"1018_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2424436","volume":"14","author":"J Lunden","year":"2014","unstructured":"J Lunden, M Motani, HV Poor, Distributed algorithms for sharing spectrum sensing information in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 14(8), 4667\u20134678 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun"},{"key":"1018_CR11","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"R Sutton","year":"1998","unstructured":"R Sutton, A Barto, Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction (MIT Press, Cambridge, 1998)."},{"key":"1018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.743.765","volume":"743","author":"C Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"C Wu, YM Wang, X Qiang, ZY Zhang, Adaptive spectrum management of cognitive radio in intelligent transportation system. Appl. Mech. Mater. 743:, 765\u2013773 (2015).","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. Mater"},{"key":"1018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Chowdhury, R Doost Mohammady, W Meleis, MD Felice, L Bononi, in Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks. To sense or to transmit: a learning-based spectrum management scheme for cognitive radio mesh networks (Boston, 2010), pp. 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIMESH.2010.5507904"},{"key":"1018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Felice, K Chowdhury, W Meleis, L Bononi, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). Cooperation and Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks based on TV Spectrum Experiments (Lucca, 2011), pp. 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1109\/WoWMoM.2011.5986378"},{"key":"1018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Felice, K Chowdhury, L Bononi, in Proceedings of 12th ACM international conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems. Modeling and performance evaluation of transmission control protocol over cognitive radio ad hoc networks (Canary Islands, 2009), pp. 4\u201312.","DOI":"10.1145\/1641804.1641809"},{"issue":"1","key":"1018_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.887293","volume":"95","author":"RO Saber","year":"2007","unstructured":"RO Saber, JA Fax, RM Murray, Consensus and Cooperation in Multi-Agent Networked Systems. Proc. IEEE. 95(1), 215\u2013233 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1018_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008942012299","volume":"8","author":"M Veloso","year":"2000","unstructured":"M Veloso, P Stone, Multiagent systems: a survey from a machine learning perspective. Autonomous Robots. 8(3), 345\u2013383 (2000).","journal-title":"Autonomous Robots"},{"issue":"2","key":"1018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.913919","volume":"38","author":"R Babuska","year":"2008","unstructured":"R Babuska, BD Schutter, L Busoniu, A comprehensive survey of multiagent system. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Part C Appl. Rev. 38(2), 156\u2013172 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. Part C Appl. Rev"},{"key":"1018_CR19","unstructured":"C Wu, K Chowdhury, MD Felice, W Meleis, in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 10). Spectrum management of cognitive radio using multi-agent reinforcement learning (Toronto, 2010), pp. 1705\u20131712."},{"issue":"5","key":"1018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2015716","volume":"97","author":"KB Letaief","year":"2009","unstructured":"KB Letaief, W Zhang, Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks. Proc. IEEE. 97(5), 878\u2013893 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"1018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Kim, W Sung, Operational algorithm for wireless communication systems using cognitive radio. Communication Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT), 2014 IEEE International Conference On, 29\u201333 (2014).","DOI":"10.1109\/COMNETSAT.2014.7050521"},{"issue":"7","key":"1018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2009.01.002","volume":"7","author":"C Cormio","year":"2009","unstructured":"C Cormio, KR Chowdhury, A survey on mac protocols for cognitive radio networks. Ad Hoc Netw. (Elsevier) J.7(7), 1315\u20131329 (2009).","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw. (Elsevier) J."},{"issue":"4","key":"1018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2011.5999764","volume":"18","author":"T Wysocki","year":"2011","unstructured":"T Wysocki, Jamalipour A, Spectrum management in cognitive radio: applications of portfolio theory in wireless communications. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 18(4), 52\u201360 (2011).","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1018_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-006-7322-y","volume":"11","author":"C Peng","year":"2006","unstructured":"C Peng, H Zheng, BY Zhao, Utilization and fairness in spectrum assignment for opportunistic spectrum access. ACM Mobile Netw. Appl. (MONET). 11(4), 555\u2013576 (2006).","journal-title":"ACM Mobile Netw. Appl. (MONET)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2008.080112","volume":"26","author":"L Cao","year":"2008","unstructured":"L Cao, H Zheng, Distributed rule-regulated spectrum sharing. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 26(1), 130\u2013145 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun"},{"key":"1018_CR26","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Readings in Agents","author":"M Tan","year":"1997","unstructured":"M Tan, in Readings in Agents, ed. by M Huhns, M Singh. Multi-agent reinforcement learning: independent vs. cooperative learning (Morgan KaufmannSan Francisco, 1997), pp. 487\u2013494."},{"issue":"3","key":"1018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008942012299","volume":"8","author":"M Veloso","year":"2000","unstructured":"M Veloso, P Stone, Multiagent systems: a survey from a machine learning perspective. Auton. Robot. 8(3), 345\u2013383 (2000).","journal-title":"Auton. Robot"},{"key":"1018_CR28","unstructured":"J Hu, M Wellman, in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Machine Learning. Multiagent reinforcement learning: theoretical framework and an algorithm (Madison, 1998), pp. 242\u2013250."},{"key":"1018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ML Littman, in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Machine Learning (ML-94). Markov games as a framework for multi-agent reinforcement learning (New Brunswick, 1994), pp. 157\u2013163.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50027-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"1018_CR30","first-page":"878","volume":"97","author":"P Stone","year":"1997","unstructured":"P Stone, M Veloso, Towards collaborative and adversarial learning: a case study in robotic soccer. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Syst. (IJHCS). 97(5), 878\u2013893 (1997).","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Syst. (IJHCS)"},{"key":"1018_CR31","unstructured":"YH Chang, T Ho, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC\u201904). Mobilized ad-hoc networks: a reinforcement learning approach (New York, 2004), pp. 240\u2013247."},{"issue":"7","key":"1018_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071009","volume":"16","author":"S Salim","year":"2016","unstructured":"S Salim, S Moh, An energy-efficient game-theory-based spectrum decision scheme for cognitive radio sensor networks. Sensors. 16(7), 1009 (2016).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1018_CR33","volume-title":"Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence","author":"G Weiss","year":"2000","unstructured":"G Weiss, Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence (MIT Press, Cambridge, 2000)."},{"issue":"5844","key":"1018_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1144079","volume":"317","author":"J Schaeffer","year":"2007","unstructured":"J Schaeffer, N Burch, Y Bjvrnsson, A Kishimoto, M Miller, R Lake, PLS Sutphen, Checkers is solved. Science. 317(5844), 1518\u20131522 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"1018_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1587\/transcom.E97.B.242","volume":"E97-B","author":"ML Benitez","year":"2014","unstructured":"ML Benitez, F Casadevall, Spectrum usage in cognitive radio networks: from field measurements to empirical models. IEICE Trans. Commun. E97-B(2), 242\u2013250 (2014).","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Commun"},{"key":"1018_CR36","unstructured":"D Billings, D Papp, J Schaeffer, D Szafron, in Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Opponent modeling in Poker (Madison, 1998), pp. 493\u2013498."},{"key":"1018_CR37","unstructured":"C Wu, K Chowdhury, MD Felice, W Meleis, in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 10). Spectrum management of cognitive radio using multi-agent reinforcement learning (Toronto, 2010), pp. 1705\u20131712."},{"key":"1018_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MD Felice, K Chowdhury, C Wu, L Bononi, in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Wired\/Wireless Internet Communications (WWIC). Learning-Based Spectrum Selection in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (Lulea, 2010), pp. 133\u2013145.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13315-2_11"},{"key":"1018_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N Nie, C Comaniciu, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks. Adaptive Channel Allocation Spectrum Etiquette for Cognitive Radio Networks (Baltimore, 2005), pp. 269\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542643"},{"issue":"3","key":"1018_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2007.070402","volume":"25","author":"REA Parekh","year":"2007","unstructured":"REA Parekh, D Tse, Spectrum sharing for unlicensed bands. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 25(3), 517\u2013528 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun"},{"key":"1018_CR41","unstructured":"J Huang, RA Berry, ML Honig, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks. Spectrum sharing with distributed interference compensation (Baltimore, 2005), pp. 88\u201393."},{"key":"1018_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W Wang, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Workshops. Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio (Nanchang, 2009), pp. 410\u2013412.","DOI":"10.1109\/IITAW.2009.49"},{"issue":"6","key":"1018_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3840","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2689011","volume":"16","author":"K Xiong","year":"2017","unstructured":"K Xiong, C Chen, G Qu, P Fan, KB Letaief, Group cooperation with optimal resource allocation in wireless powered communication networks. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 16(6), 3840\u20133853 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"1018_CR44","first-page":"1595","volume":"33","author":"K Xiong","year":"2015","unstructured":"K Xiong, P Fan, C Zhang, KB Letaief, Wireless information and energy transfer MIMO-OFDM relay networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 33(8), 1595\u20131611 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"1018_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2545479","volume":"34","author":"K Xiong","year":"2016","unstructured":"K Xiong, P Fan, S Member, Y Lu, KB Letaief, Energy Efficiency with proportional rate fairness in multirelay OFDM networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 34(5), 1431\u20131447 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1018_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2017.3051334","volume":"19","author":"C Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"C Wu, Y Wang, Cognitive communication in rail transit: awareness, adaption and reasoning. IT Professional. 19(4), 45\u201354 (2017).","journal-title":"IT Professional"},{"issue":"5","key":"1018_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2009.01.001","volume":"7","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2009","unstructured":"IF Akyildiz, W Lee, KR Chowdhury, CRAHNs: cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Netw.7(5), 810\u2013836 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adhoc.2009.01.001 .","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"issue":"3","key":"1018_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2005.45","volume":"4","author":"P Santi","year":"2005","unstructured":"P Santi, The critical transmitting range for connectivity in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput. 4(3), 310\u2013317 (2005).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput"},{"key":"1018_CR49","volume-title":"Learning from delayed rewards. Ph.D thesis","author":"Watkins CJCH","year":"1989","unstructured":"Watkins CJCH, Learning from delayed rewards. Ph.D thesis (Cambridge Univeristy, Cambridge, 1989)."},{"issue":"6","key":"1018_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-162212","volume":"32","author":"C Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"C Wu, H Song, C Yan, Y Wang, A fuzzy-based function approximation technique for reinforcement learning. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 32(6), 3909\u20133920 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/IFS-.162212 .","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst"}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-017-1018-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-017-1018-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-017-1018-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T21:20:15Z","timestamp":1751232015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-017-1018-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-017-1018-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-1499"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"13"}}