{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:31:35Z","timestamp":1767994295372,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-018-1336-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T13:03:23Z","timestamp":1548335003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Better than Rician: modelling millimetre wave channels as two-wave with diffuse power"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6368-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erich","family":"Z\u00f6chmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Caban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph F.","family":"Mecklenbr\u00e4uker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Pratschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lerch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/74.951559","volume":"43","author":"M. Steinbauer","year":"2001","unstructured":"M. Steinbauer, A. F. Molisch, E. Bonek, The double-directional radio channel. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.43(4), 51\u201363 (2001).","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"issue":"3","key":"1336_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2004.826328","volume":"3","author":"C. R. Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"C. R. Anderson, T. S. Rappaport, In-building wideband partition loss measurements at 2.5 and 60 GHz. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.3(3), 922\u2013928 (2004).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2006.1618937","volume":"5","author":"N. Moraitis","year":"2006","unstructured":"N. Moraitis, P. Constantinou, Measurements and characterization of wideband indoor radio channel at 60 GHz. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.5(4), 880\u2013889 (2006).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"1336_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2008.924990","volume":"58","author":"S. Geng","year":"2009","unstructured":"S. Geng, J. Kivinen, X. Zhao, P. Vainikainen, Millimeter-wave propagation channel characterization for short-range wireless communications. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.58(1), 3\u201313 (2009).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"1336_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1587\/transcom.2016EBP3303","volume":"100","author":"K. Wangchuk","year":"2017","unstructured":"K. Wangchuk, K. Umeki, T. Iwata, P. Hanpinitsak, M. Kim, K. Saito, J. -i. Takada, Double directional millimeter wave propagation channel measurement and polarimetric cluster properties in outdoor urban pico-cell environment. IEICE Trans. Commun.100(7), 1133\u20131144 (2017).","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"1336_CR6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)","author":"M. Peter","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Peter, W. Keusgen, R. J. Weiler, in Proc. of 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). On path loss measurement and modeling for millimeter-wave 5G (IEEELisbon, 2015), pp. 1\u20135."},{"issue":"8","key":"1336_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.3390\/s16081330","volume":"16","author":"M. Peter","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Peter, R. J. Weiler, B. G\u00f6ktepe, W. Keusgen, K. Sakaguchi, Channel measurement and modeling for 5G urban microcellular scenarios. Sensors. 16(8), 1330 (2016).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2015.2417559","volume":"4","author":"M. K. Samimi","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. K. Samimi, T. S. Rappaport, G. R. MacCartney, Probabilistic omnidirectional path loss models for millimeter-wave outdoor communications. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett.4(4), 357\u2013360 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"1336_CR9","first-page":"1244","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW)","author":"S. Deng","year":"2015","unstructured":"S. Deng, M. K. Samimi, T. S. Rappaport, in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW). 28 GHz and 73 GHz millimeter-wave indoor propagation measurements and path loss models (IEEELondon, 2015), pp. 1244\u20131250."},{"key":"1336_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2465848","volume":"3","author":"G. R. MacCartney","year":"2015","unstructured":"G. R. MacCartney, T. S. Rappaport, M. K. Samimi, S. Sun, Millimeter-wave omnidirectional path loss data for small cell 5G channel modeling. IEEE Access. 3:, 1573\u20131580 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"1336_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736750","volume":"52","author":"W. Roh","year":"2014","unstructured":"W. Roh, J. -Y. Seol, J. Park, B. Lee, J. Lee, Y. Kim, J. Cho, K. Cheun, F. Aryanfar, Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications: Theoretical feasibility and prototype results. IEEE Commun. Mag.52(2), 106\u2013113 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"10","key":"1336_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.090513.120848","volume":"61","author":"S. Hur","year":"2013","unstructured":"S. Hur, T. Kim, D. J. Love, J. V. Krogmeier, T. A. Thomas, A. Ghosh, Millimeter wave beamforming for wireless backhaul and access in small cell networks. IEEE Trans. Commun.61(10), 4391\u20134403 (2013).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"1336_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6979962","volume":"52","author":"S. Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"S. Sun, T. S. Rappaport, R. W. Heath, A. Nix, S. Rangan, MIMO for millimeter-wave wireless communications: Beamforming, spatial multiplexing, or both?IEEE Commun. Mag.52(12), 110\u2013121 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"6","key":"1336_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.5783993","volume":"49","author":"Z. Pi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Z. Pi, F. Khan, An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems. IEEE Commun. Mag.49(6), 101\u2013107 (2011).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"3","key":"1336_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2016.2523924","volume":"10","author":"R. W. Heath","year":"2016","unstructured":"R. W. Heath, N. Gonzalez-Prelcic, S. Rangan, W. Roh, A. M. Sayeed, An overview of signal processing techniques for millimeter wave MIMO systems. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Sign. Process.10(3), 436\u2013453 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Sign. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"1336_CR16","first-page":"403","volume":"65","author":"J. G. Andrews","year":"2017","unstructured":"J. G. Andrews, T. Bai, M. N. Kulkarni, A. Alkhateeb, A. K. Gupta, R. W. Heath, Modeling and analyzing millimeter wave cellular systems. IEEE Trans. Commun.65(1), 403\u2013430 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"1336_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2014.2334278","volume":"8","author":"A. Alkhateeb","year":"2014","unstructured":"A. Alkhateeb, O. El Ayach, G. Leus, R. W. Heath, Channel estimation and hybrid precoding for millimeter wave cellular systems. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Sign. Process.8(5), 831\u2013846 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Sign. Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"1336_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2542825","volume":"64","author":"M. N. Kulkarni","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. N. Kulkarni, A. Ghosh, J. G. Andrews, A comparison of MIMO techniques in downlink millimeter wave cellular networks with hybrid beamforming. IEEE Trans. Commun.64(5), 1952\u20131967 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"1336_CR19","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","author":"E. Z\u00f6chmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"E. Z\u00f6chmann, S. Schwarz, M. Rupp, in Proc. of IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM). Comparing antenna selection and hybrid precoding for millimeter wave wireless communications (IEEERio de Janerio, 2016), pp. 1\u20135."},{"key":"1336_CR20","first-page":"623","volume-title":"Proc. of 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","author":"S. Pratschner","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Pratschner, S. Caban, S. Schwarz, M. Rupp, in Proc. of 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). A mutual coupling model for massive MIMO applied to the 3GPP 3D channel model (IEEEKos, 2017), pp. 623\u2013627."},{"issue":"7","key":"1336_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3814","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2254442","volume":"61","author":"J. Brady","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Brady, N. Behdad, A. M. Sayeed, Beamspace MIMO for millimeter-wave communications: System architecture, modeling, analysis, and measurements. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.61(7), 3814\u20133827 (2013).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2533490","volume":"64","author":"Y. Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Y. Zeng, R. Zhang, Millimeter wave MIMO with lens antenna array: A new path division multiplexing paradigm. IEEE Trans. Commun.64(4), 1557\u20131571 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1600336","volume":"24","author":"Y. Zeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y. Zeng, R. Zhang, Cost-effective millimeter-wave communications with lens antenna array. IEEE Wirel. Commun.24(4), 81\u201387 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"1336_CR24","volume-title":"Space-time Wireless Channels","author":"G. D. Durgin","year":"2003","unstructured":"G. D. Durgin, Space-time Wireless Channels (Prentice Hall Professional, Upper Saddle River, 2003)."},{"key":"1336_CR25","first-page":"3375","volume-title":"Proc. of 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)","author":"D. Dupleich","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Dupleich, N. Iqbal, C. Schneider, S. Haefner, R. M\u00fcller, S. Skoblikov, J. Luo, R. Thom\u00e4, in Proc. of 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). Investigations on fading scaling with bandwidth and directivity at 60 GHz (IEEEParis, 2017), pp. 3375\u20133379."},{"key":"1336_CR26","first-page":"1813","volume-title":"Proc. of 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)","author":"N. Iqbal","year":"2017","unstructured":"N. Iqbal, C. Schneider, J. Luo, D. Dupleich, R. M\u00fcller, S. Haefner, R. S. Thom\u00e4, in Proc. of 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). On the stochastic and deterministic behavior of mmWave channels (IEEEParis, 2017), pp. 1813\u20131817."},{"key":"1336_CR27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)","author":"M. K. Samimi","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. K. Samimi, G. R. MacCartney, S. Sun, T. S. Rappaport, in Proc. of Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). 28 GHz millimeter-wave ultrawideband small-scale fading models in wireless channels (IEEENanjing, 2016), pp. 1\u20136."},{"key":"1336_CR28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)","author":"S. Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Sun, H. Yan, G. R. MacCartney, T. S. Rappaport, in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). Millimeter wave small-scale spatial statistics in an urban microcell scenario (IEEEParis, 2017), pp. 1\u20137."},{"issue":"12","key":"1336_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6474","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2734159","volume":"65","author":"T. S. Rappaport","year":"2017","unstructured":"T. S. Rappaport, G. R. MacCartney, S. Sun, H. Yan, S. Deng, Small-scale, local area, and transitional millimeter wave propagation for 5G communications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.65(12), 6474\u20136490 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"10","key":"1336_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4505","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2456984","volume":"63","author":"T. Mavridis","year":"2015","unstructured":"T. Mavridis, L. Petrillo, J. Sarrazin, A. Benlarbi-Delai, P. De Doncker, Near-body shadowing analysis at 60 GHz. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.63(10), 4505\u20134511 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"6","key":"1336_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2002.1010620","volume":"50","author":"G. D. Durgin","year":"2002","unstructured":"G. D. Durgin, T. S. Rappaport, D. A. De Wolf, New analytical models and probability density functions for fading in wireless communications. IEEE Trans. Commun.50(6), 1005\u20131015 (2002).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"1336_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1973.1054978","volume":"19","author":"R. Esposito","year":"1973","unstructured":"R. Esposito, L. Wilson, Statistical properties of two sine waves in Gaussian noise. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. 19(2), 176\u2013183 (1973).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2005.852129","volume":"4","author":"S. H. Oh","year":"2005","unstructured":"S. H. Oh, K. H. Li, BER performance of BPSK receivers over two-wave with diffuse power fading channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.4(4), 1448\u20131454 (2005).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"1336_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1109\/WCL.2013.090313.130541","volume":"2","author":"S. A. Saberali","year":"2013","unstructured":"S. A. Saberali, N. C. Beaulieu, New expressions for TWDP fading statistics. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett.2(6), 643\u2013646 (2013).","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"1336_CR35","first-page":"2548","volume":"14","author":"M. Rao","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Rao, F. J. Lopez-Martinez, M. -S. Alouini, A. Goldsmith, MGF approach to the analysis of generalized two-ray fading models. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.14(5), 2548\u20132561 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"1336_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2017.2705724","volume":"24","author":"S. Schwarz","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Schwarz, Outage investigation of beamforming over random-phase finite-scatterer MISO channels. IEEE Signal Proc. Lett.24(7), 1029\u20131033 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Proc. Lett."},{"key":"1336_CR37","unstructured":"S. Schwarz, in Proc. of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). Outage-based multi-user admission control for random-phase finite-scatterer MISO channels (Montreal, 2017), pp. 1\u20135."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2007.348319","volume":"6","author":"J. Frolik","year":"2007","unstructured":"J. Frolik, A case for considering hyper-Rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.6(4), 1235\u20131239 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"1336_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.070968","volume":"7","author":"J. Frolik","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. Frolik, On appropriate models for characterizing hyper-Rayleigh fading. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.7(12), 5202\u20135207 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"1336_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2027725","volume":"57","author":"J. Frolik","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. Frolik, T. M. Weller, S. DiStasi, J. Cooper, A compact reverberation chamber for hyper-Rayleigh channel emulation. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.57(12), 3962\u20133968 (2009).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.5741158","volume":"49","author":"D. W. Matolak","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. W. Matolak, J. Frolik, Worse-than-Rayleigh fading: Experimental results and theoretical models. IEEE Commun. Mag.49(4), 140\u2013146 (2011).","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"1336_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080030","volume":"8","author":"L. Bakir","year":"2009","unstructured":"L. Bakir, J. Frolik, Diversity gains in two-ray fading channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.8(2), 968\u2013977 (2009).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"1336_CR43","unstructured":"E. Z\u00f6chmann, K. Guan, M. Rupp, in Proc. of Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC). Two-ray models in mmWave communications, (2017), pp. 1\u20135."},{"issue":"7","key":"1336_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4420","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2698445","volume":"16","author":"J. M. Romero-Jerez","year":"2017","unstructured":"J. M. Romero-Jerez, F. J. Lopez-Martinez, J. F. Paris, A. J. Goldsmith, The fluctuating two-ray fading model: Statistical characterization and performance analysis. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.16(7), 4420\u20134432 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"1336_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2766784","volume":"67","author":"J. Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Zhang, W. Zeng, X. Li, Q. Sun, K. P. Peppas, New results on the fluctuating two-ray model with arbitrary fading parameters and its applications. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.67(3), 2766\u20132770 (2018).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"1336_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8949","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2842126","volume":"67","author":"W. Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"W. Zeng, J. Zhang, S. Chen, K. P. Peppas, B Ai, Physical layer security over fluctuating two-ray fading channels. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.67(9), 8949\u20138953 (2018).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"1336_CR47","unstructured":"E. Z\u00f6chmann, M. Lerch, S. Caban, R. Langwieser, C. Mecklenbr\u00e4uker, M. Rupp, in Proc. of IEEE Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC). Directional evaluation of receive power, Rician K-factor and RMS delay spread obtained from power measurements of 60 GHz indoor channels, (2016), pp. 1\u20134."},{"key":"1336_CR48","unstructured":"E. Z\u00f6chmann, M. Lerch, S. Pratschner, R. Nissel, S. Caban, M. Rupp, in Proc. of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). Associating spatial information to directional millimeter wave channel measurements, (2017), pp. 1\u20135."},{"key":"1336_CR49","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: a Practical Information-theoretic Approach","author":"K. P. Burnham","year":"2003","unstructured":"K. P. Burnham, D. R. Anderson, Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: a Practical Information-theoretic Approach (Springer, New York, 2003)."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.4.379","volume":"1","author":"R. W. Frick","year":"1996","unstructured":"R. W. Frick, The appropriate use of null hypothesis testing. Psychol. Methods. 1(4), 379 (1996).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"1336_CR51","volume-title":"Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design","author":"C. A. Balanis","year":"2005","unstructured":"C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design (Wiley, Hoboken, 2005)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1336_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02589047","volume":"1","author":"J. O. Berger","year":"1992","unstructured":"J. O. Berger, W. H. Jefferys, The application of robust Bayesian analysis to hypothesis testing and Occam\u2019s razor. J. Ital. Stat. Soc.1(1), 17\u201332 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Ital. Stat. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"1336_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-044894-7.01333-6","volume":"7","author":"A. Maydeu-Olivares","year":"2010","unstructured":"A. Maydeu-Olivares, C. Garcia-Forero, Goodness-of-fit testing. Int. Encycl. Educ.7(1), 190\u2013196 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. Encycl. Educ."},{"issue":"7","key":"1336_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2007.05857","volume":"6","author":"U. G. Schuster","year":"2007","unstructured":"U. G. Schuster, H. Bolcskei, Ultrawideband channel modeling on the basis of information-theoretic criteria. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.6(7), 2464\u20132475 (2007).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"1336_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","volume":"19","author":"H. Akaike","year":"1974","unstructured":"H. Akaike, A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control. 19(6), 716\u2013723 (1974).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"1336_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02353864","volume":"22","author":"T. M. Ludden","year":"1994","unstructured":"T. M. Ludden, S. L. Beal, L. B. Sheiner, Comparison of the Akaike information criterion, the Schwarz criterion and the F test as guides to model selection. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm.22(5), 431\u2013445 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"1336_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644","volume":"33","author":"K. P. Burnham","year":"2004","unstructured":"K. P. Burnham, D. R. Anderson, Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol. Methods Res.33(2), 261\u2013304 (2004).","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"1336_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2014.2311514","volume":"15","author":"R. He","year":"2014","unstructured":"R. He, A. F. Molisch, F. Tufvesson, Z. Zhong, B. Ai, T. Zhang, Vehicle-to-vehicle propagation models with large vehicle obstructions. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.15(5), 2237\u20132248 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"1336_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.06.090392","volume":"9","author":"T. Santos","year":"2010","unstructured":"T. Santos, F. Tufvesson, A. F. Molisch, Modeling the ultra-wideband outdoor channel: Model specification and validation. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.9(6), 1987\u20131997 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"1336_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.120412.120268","volume":"12","author":"R. He","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. He, Z. Zhong, B. Ai, G. Wang, J. Ding, A. F. Molisch, Measurements and analysis of propagation channels in high-speed railway viaducts. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.12(2), 794\u2013805 (2013).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"1336_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2275912","volume":"63","author":"K. Guan","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Guan, Z. Zhong, B. Ai, T. K\u00fcrner, Propagation measurements and modeling of crossing bridges on high-speed railway at 930 MHz. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.63(2), 502\u2013517 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2235399","volume":"61","author":"R. He","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. He, Z. Zhong, B. Ai, J. Ding, Y. Yang, A. F. Molisch, Short-term fading behavior in high-speed railway cutting scenario: Measurements, analysis, and statistical models. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.61(4), 2209\u20132222 (2013).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"6","key":"1336_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2697414","volume":"65","author":"D. Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Kim, H. Lee, J. Kang, Comments on \u201cNear-body shadowing analysis at 60 GHz\u201d. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.65(6), 3314\u20133314 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"7","key":"1336_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071014","volume":"16","author":"J. Lopez-Fernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Lopez-Fernandez, L. Moreno-Pozas, F. J. Lopez-Martinez, E. Martos-Naya, Joint parameter estimation for the two-wave with diffuse power fading model. Sensors. 16(7), 1014 (2016).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1336_CR65","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 84th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall)","author":"J. Lopez-Fernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Lopez-Fernandez, L. Moreno-Pozas, E. Martos-Naya, F. J. L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez, in Proc. of the 84th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). Moment-based parameter estimation for the two-wave with diffuse power fading model (IEEEMontreal, 2016), pp. 1\u20135."},{"key":"1336_CR66","volume-title":"Econometric Theory","author":"A. S. Goldberger","year":"1964","unstructured":"A. S. Goldberger, Econometric Theory (Wiley, New York, 1964)."},{"key":"1336_CR67","volume-title":"Handbook of Biological Statistics vol. 2","author":"J. H. McDonald","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. H. McDonald, Handbook of Biological Statistics vol. 2 (Sparky House Publishing Baltimore, MD, Baltimore, 2009)."},{"issue":"4","key":"1336_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00293.x","volume":"21","author":"B. Woolf","year":"1957","unstructured":"B. Woolf, The log likelihood ratio test (the g-test): Methods and tables for tests of heterogeneity in contingency tables. Ann. Hum. Genet.21(4), 397\u2013409 (1957).","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"1336_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1109\/49.840194","volume":"18","author":"Q. H. Spencer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Q. H. Spencer, B. D. Jeffs, M. A. Jensen, A. L. Swindlehurst, Modeling the statistical time and angle of arrival characteristics of an indoor multipath channel. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.18(3), 347\u2013360 (2000).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"1336_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2003.811494","volume":"51","author":"G. D. Durgin","year":"2003","unstructured":"G. D. Durgin, V. Kukshya, T. S. Rappaport, Wideband measurements of angle and delay dispersion for outdoor and indoor peer-to-peer radio channels at 1920 MHz. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.51(5), 936\u2013944 (2003).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"6","key":"1336_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-017-0366-1","volume":"38","author":"F. Fuschini","year":"2017","unstructured":"F. Fuschini, S. H\u00e4fner, M. Zoli, R. M\u00fcller, E. M. Vitucci, D. Dupleich, M. Barbiroli, J. Luo, E. Schulz, V. Degli-Esposti, R. S. Thom\u00e4, Analysis of in-room mm-Wave propagation: Directional channel measurements and ray tracing simulations. J. Infrared Millimeter Terahertz Waves. 38(6), 727\u2013744 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Infrared Millimeter Terahertz Waves"},{"key":"1336_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Vehmas, J. Jarvelainen, S. L. H. Nguyen, R. Naderpour, K. Haneda, in Proc. of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). Millimeter-wave channel characterization at Helsinki airport in the 15, 28, and 60 GHz bands, (2016).","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2016.7881086"},{"key":"1336_CR73","volume-title":"Wireless Communications vol. 34","author":"A. F. Molisch","year":"2012","unstructured":"A. F. Molisch, Wireless Communications vol. 34 (Wiley, Chichester, 2012)."},{"key":"1336_CR74","unstructured":"Pasternack 60 GHz Transmitter and 60 GHz Receiver Modules. https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/60-ghz-modules-category.aspx ."},{"key":"1336_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2414815","volume":"3","author":"P. Zetterberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"P. Zetterberg, R. Fardi, Open source SDR frontend and measurements for 60-GHz wireless experimentation. IEEE Access. 3:, 445\u2013456 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1336_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Sangodoyin, J. Salmi, S. Niranjayan, A. F. Molisch, in Proc. of Antennas and Propagation Conference (EUCAP). Real-time ultrawideband MIMO channel sounding (IEEEPrague, 2012).","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2012.6206288"},{"key":"1336_CR77","unstructured":"M. Kim, H. K. Pham, Y. Chang, J. -i. Takada, in Proc. of Global Symposium on Millimeter Wave (GSMM). Development of low-cost 60-GHz millimeter-wave channel sounding system, (2013)."},{"key":"1336_CR78","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of the 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)","author":"E. Z\u00f6chmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"E. Z\u00f6chmann, C. Mecklenbr\u00e4uker, M. Lerch, S. Pratschner, M. Hofer, D. L\u00f6schenbrand, J. Blumenstein, S. Sangodoyin, G. Artner, S. Caban, T. Zemen, A. Prokes, M. Rupp, A. F. Molisch, in Proc. of the 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). Measured delay and Doppler profiles of overtaking vehicles at 60 GHz (IEEELondon, 2018), pp. 1\u20135."},{"key":"1336_CR79","unstructured":"M. Lerch, E. Z\u00f6chmann, S. Caban, M. Rupp, in Proc. of European Wireless. Noise bounds in multicarrier mmWave Doppler measurements, (2017)."},{"key":"1336_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Nissel, E. Z\u00f6chmann, M. Lerch, S. Caban, M. Rupp, in Proc. of IEEE International Microwave Symposium (IMS). Low latency MISO FBMC-OQAM: It works for millimeter waves! (2017).","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2017.8058660"},{"issue":"3","key":"1336_CR81","first-page":"58","volume":"18","author":"M. Lerch","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Lerch, S. Caban, M. Mayer, M. Rupp, The Vienna MIMO testbed: Evaluation of future mobile communications techniques. Intel Technol. J.18(3), 58\u201369 (2014).","journal-title":"Intel Technol. J."},{"key":"1336_CR82","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)","author":"S. Caban","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Caban, A. Disslbacher-Fink, J. A. Garc\u00eda-Naya, M. Rupp, in Proc. of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). Synchronization of wireless radio testbed measurements (IEEEBinjiang, 2011), pp. 1\u20134."},{"key":"1336_CR83","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement Control and Communication (ISPCS)","author":"M. Laner","year":"2011","unstructured":"M. Laner, S. Caban, P. Svoboda, M. Rupp, in Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement Control and Communication (ISPCS). Time synchronization performance of desktop computers (IEEEMunich, 2011), pp. 75\u201380."},{"key":"1336_CR84","volume-title":"Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences","author":"R. Haining","year":"1993","unstructured":"R. Haining, Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1336_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01449156","volume":"109","author":"A. Khintchine","year":"1934","unstructured":"A. Khintchine, Korrelationstheorie der station\u00e4ren stochastischen Prozesse. Math. Ann.109(1), 604\u2013615 (1934).","journal-title":"Math. Ann."},{"key":"1336_CR86","first-page":"792","volume-title":"Proc. of International Conference on Image Processing","author":"T. A. Ell","year":"2000","unstructured":"T. A. Ell, S. J. Sangwine, in Proc. of International Conference on Image Processing, 2. Hypercomplex Wiener-Khintchine theorem with application to color image correlation (IEEEVancouver, 2000), pp. 792\u2013795."},{"issue":"7","key":"1336_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.812734","volume":"51","author":"C. E. Moxey","year":"2003","unstructured":"C. E. Moxey, S. J. Sangwine, T. A. Ell, Hypercomplex correlation techniques for vector images. IEEE Trans. Signal Process.51(7), 1941\u20131953 (2003).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"1336_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1998.10480559","volume":"52","author":"J. L. Hintze","year":"1998","unstructured":"J. L. Hintze, R. D. Nelson, Violin plots: a box plot-density trace synergism. Am. Stat.52(2), 181\u2013184 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. Stat."},{"key":"1336_CR89","unstructured":"J. Hoey, The two-way likelihood ratio (G) test and comparison to two-way Chi squared test. arXiv preprint arXiv:1206.4881 (2012)."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-018-1336-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-018-1336-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-018-1336-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T09:07:39Z","timestamp":1720948059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-018-1336-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-018-1336-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"21"}}