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Currently, he pursued his M.S. degree, from the North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA. His research interests include the wired, wireless, opportunistic, and mobile networks, modeling, and verification.Osman Khalid completed Masters in Computer Engineering from CASE\u2014Pakistan, and Ph.D. from North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA. He is Assistant Professor in COMSATS University, Pakistan. His areas of research include Internet of Things (IoT), Fog Computing, opportunistic networks, recommendation, trust, and reputation systems. His website is Saif U. R. Malik received his MS degree from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, and a PhD from the North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA. His primary research interests include formal verification, modeling, cyber physical systems, cloud computing systems, routing protocols, and HPC.Rao N. B. Rais received his MS and PhD degrees in Computer Engineering with specialization in Networks and Distributed Systems from University of Nice, Sophia Antipolis, France in 2007 and 2011 respectively. Before that, he got BE in Computer Systems from National University of Science and Technology, Pakistan in 2002. He is currently working as Associate Professor of College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE.Imran A. Khan received his PhD from China. He is serving as Associate Professor in computer sciences department, COMSATS University. His research interests include, distributed computing and wireless ad hoc networks.Amjad Khan did is Ph.D. from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia. He is Assistant Professor and Chairman MIS Department COBA Al Yamamah University Riyadh 11512 Saudi Arabia.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 information"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"53"}}