{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:59:20Z","timestamp":1761490760253,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61301131","61301132","61601221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61301131","61301132","61601221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3132016347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3132016347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-019-1365-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T05:03:48Z","timestamp":1550552628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["WiFi\/PDR-integrated indoor localization using unconstrained smartphones"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhian","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1365_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2650953","volume":"5","author":"Y Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y. Sun, W. Meng, C. Li, N. Zhao, K. Zhao, N. Zhang, Human localization using multi-source heterogeneous data in indoor environments. IEEE Access. 5, 812\u2013822 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"key":"1365_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2018.05.008","volume":"29","author":"Z Na","year":"2018","unstructured":"Z. Na, Y. Wang, X. Li, J. Xia, X. Liu, M. Xiong, W. Lu, Subcarrier allocation based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer algorithm in 5G cooperative OFDM communication systems. Physical Communication 29, 164\u2013170 (2018)","journal-title":"Physical Communication"},{"key":"1365_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z. Na, J. Lv, F. Jiang, M. Xiong, N. Zhao, Joint subcarrier and subsymbol allocation based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer for multiuser GFDM in IoT. IEEE Internet Things J. (2018). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2865248","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2865248"},{"key":"1365_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2015.2496940","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Y. Li, Y. Zhuang, H. Lan, Q. Zhou, X. Niu, N. El-Sheimy, A hybrid WiFi\/magnetic matching\/PDR approach for indoor navigation with smartphone sensors. IEEE Commun. Lett. 20, 169\u2013172 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"1365_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2016.03.020","volume":"86","author":"M Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Zhou, F. Qiu, K. Xu, Z. Tian, H. Wu, Error bound analysis of indoor Wi-Fi location fingerprint based positioning for intelligent access point optimization via Fisher information. Comput. Commun. 86, 57\u201374 (2016)","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"1365_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2382568","volume":"15","author":"W Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"W. Kang, Y. Han, SmartPDR: smartphone-based pedestrian dead reckoning for indoor localization. IEEE Sensors J. 15, 2906\u20132916 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"1365_CR7","unstructured":"F. Evennou, F. Marx, Advanced integration of WiFi and inertial navigation systems for indoor mobile positioning. EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Processing. 2006, 1\u201311 (2006)"},{"key":"1365_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2015.09.009","volume":"28","author":"N Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"N. Zhu, H. Zhao, W. Feng, Z. Wang, A novel particle filter approach for indoor positioning by fusing WiFi and inertial sensors. Chinese J. Aeronaut. 28, 1725\u20131734 (2015)","journal-title":"Chinese J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"1365_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3390\/s150100715","volume":"15","author":"Z Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Z. Chen, H. Zou, H. Jiang, Q. Zhu, Y.C. Soh, L. Xie, Fusion of WiFi, smartphone sensors and landmarks using the Kalman filter for indoor localization. Sensors (Switzerland). 15, 715\u2013732 (2015)","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)."},{"key":"1365_CR10","unstructured":"R. Zhou, X.-Z. Yuan, Y.-M. Huang, WiFi-PDR fused indoor positioning based on Kalman filtering. Dianzi Keji Daxue Xuebao\/Journal Univ Electron. Sci. Technol. China. 45 (2016) 399\u2013404"},{"key":"1365_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi5020008","volume":"5","author":"X Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"X. Li, J. Wang, C. Liu, L. Zhang, Z. Li, Integrated WiFi\/PDR\/smartphone using an adaptive system noise extended Kalman filter algorithm for indoor localization. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Information. 5, 8 (2016)","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Information."},{"key":"1365_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.3390\/s16111903","volume":"16","author":"A Correa","year":"2016","unstructured":"A. Correa, D.E. Munoz, A.D. Bousdar, A. Morell, V.J. Lopez, Advanced pedestrian positioning system to smartphones and smartwatches. Sensors 16, 1903 (2016)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1365_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24595","DOI":"10.3390\/s150924595","volume":"15","author":"G Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"G. Chen, X. Meng, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, P. Tian, H. Yang, Integrated WiFi\/PDR\/smartphone using an unscented Kalman filter algorithm for 3D indoor localization. Sensors 15, 24595\u201324614 (2015)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1365_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4042638","volume":"4","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. Wang, A. Hu, X. Li, Y. Wang, An improved PDR\/magnetometer\/floor map integration algorithm for ubiquitous positioning using the adaptive unscented Kalman filter. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Information. 4, 2638\u20132659 (2015)","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Information."},{"key":"1365_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2477444","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhuang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Y. Zhuang, N. El-Sheimy, Tightly-coupled integration of WiFi and MEMS Sensors on handheld devices for indoor pedestrian navigation. IEEE Sensors J. 16, 224\u2013234 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"1365_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/mi6040523","volume":"6","author":"ZA Deng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Z.A. Deng, Y. Hu, J. Yu, Z. Na, Extended Kalman filter for real time indoor localization by fusing WiFi and smartphone inertial sensors. Micromachines. 6, 523\u2013543 (2015)","journal-title":"Micromachines."},{"key":"1365_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3390\/s150101292","volume":"15","author":"L Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"L. Ma, Y. Xu, Received signal strength recovery in a green WLAN indoor positioning system using singular value thresholding. Sensors 15, 1292\u20131311 (2015)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1365_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"2007","author":"H Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"H. Wang, H. Lenz, A. Szabo, J. Bamberger, U.D. Hanebeck, WLAN-based pedestrian tracking using particle filters and low-cost MEMS sensors, positioning, navigation and communication. 4th Work. 2007, 1\u20137 (2007)","journal-title":"4th Work."},{"key":"1365_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2013.53","volume":"13","author":"SA Hoseinitabatabaei","year":"2014","unstructured":"S.A. Hoseinitabatabaei, A. Gluhak, R. Tafazolli, W. Headley, Design, realization, and evaluation of uDirect-an approach for pervasive observation of user facing direction on mobile phones. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 13, 1981\u20131994 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"1365_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21518","DOI":"10.3390\/s150921518","volume":"15","author":"ZA Deng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Z.A. Deng, G. Wang, Y. Hu, D. Wu, Heading estimation for indoor pedestrian navigation using a smartphone in the pocket. Sensors (Switzerland). 15, 21518\u201321536 (2015)","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)."},{"key":"1365_CR21","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Proc. - Int. Symp. Wearable Computer. ISWC","author":"K Kunze","year":"2009","unstructured":"K. Kunze, P. Lukowicz, K. Partridge, B. Begole, in Proc. - Int. Symp. Wearable Computer. ISWC. Which way am I facing: inferring horizontal device orientation from an accelerometer signal (2009), pp. 149\u2013150"},{"key":"1365_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2007.1017","volume":"6","author":"A Kushki","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Kushki, K.N. Plataniotis, A.N. Venetsanopoulos, Kernel-based positioning in wireless local area networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 6, 689\u2013705 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"1365_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Kourogi, T.B.T.-P. Kurata Location and Navigation Symposium - PLANS 2014, 2014 IEEE\/ION, A method of pedestrian dead reckoning for smartphones using frequency domain analysis on patterns of acceleration and angular velocity, in: 2014: Pp. 164\u2013168","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2014.6851371"},{"key":"1365_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2510364","volume":"16","author":"Q Tian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Q. Tian, Z. Salcic, I.K. Wang, Y. Pan, A multi-mode dead reckoning system for pedestrian tracking using smartphones. IEEE Sensors J. 16, 2079\u20132093 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"1365_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10146","DOI":"10.3390\/s140610146","volume":"14","author":"M Shoaib","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Shoaib, S. Bosch, O. Durmaz Incel, H. Scholten, P.J.M. Havinga, Fusion of smartphone motion sensors for physical activity recognition. Sensors (Switzerland) 14, 10146\u201310176 (2014)","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)"},{"key":"1365_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z.A. Deng, G. Wang, Y. Hu, Y. Cui, Carrying position independent user heading estimation for indoor pedestrian navigation with smartphones. Sensors (Switzerland) 16 (2016)","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050677"},{"key":"1365_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Li, C. Zhao, G. Ding, J. Gong, C. Liu, F. Zhao, A reliable and accurate indoor localization method using phone inertial sensors. ACM Conf. Ubiquitous Comput., 421\u2013430 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2370216.2370280"},{"key":"1365_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Jahn, U. Batzer, J. Seitz, L. Patino-Studencka, J.G. Boronat, Comparison and evaluation of acceleration based step length estimators for handheld devices, in: 2010 Int. Conf. Indoor Position. Indoor Navig. IPIN 2010 - Conf. Proc., 2010","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2010.5646888"},{"key":"1365_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.875664","volume":"53","author":"AM Sabatini","year":"2006","unstructured":"A.M. Sabatini, Quaternion-based extended Kalman filter for determining orientation by inertial and magnetic sensing. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53, 1346\u20131356 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"1365_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-017-0941-0","volume":"2017","author":"Z-A Deng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z.-A. Deng, W. Si, Z. Qu, X. Liu, Z. Na, Heading estimation fusing inertial sensors and landmarks for indoor navigation using a smartphone in the pocket. Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications & Networking 2017(1), 160 (2017)","journal-title":"Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications & Networking"},{"key":"1365_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2347507","volume-title":"Density estimation for statistics and data analysis, Chapman Hall","author":"B Silverman","year":"1986","unstructured":"B. Silverman, Density estimation for statistics and data analysis, Chapman Hall, vol 37 (1986). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2347507"},{"key":"1365_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471221279","volume-title":"Estimation with applications to tracking and navigation","author":"Y Bar-Shalom","year":"2001","unstructured":"Y. Bar-Shalom, X.R. Li, T.B.T.-E. Kirubarajan, Estimation with applications to tracking and navigation (2001)"},{"key":"1365_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02345283","volume":"39","author":"R Williamson","year":"2001","unstructured":"R. Williamson, B.J. Andrews, Detecting absolute human knee angle and angular velocity using accelerometers and rate gyroscopes. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 39, 294\u2013302 (2001)","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1365-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1365-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1365-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T19:05:24Z","timestamp":1582052724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1365-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1365-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-1499"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"41"}}