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He received a B.S. degree in communication engineering from Lanzhou Jiao Tong University in Lanzhou, China, in 2012 and an M.S. degree in communication & information systems from the Electronic Engineering Institute in Hefei, China in 2015. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree with the Department of Communications at the National University of Defense Technology in Hefei, China. His research interests include cognitive jamming and reinforcement learning. E-mail: Jun-an Yang was born in Anhui Province, China in 1965. He received a B.S. degree in radio technology from Southeast University in Nanjing, China in 1986 and an M.S. degree in communication & information systems from Electronic Engineering Institute in Hefei, China, in 1991. He received a Ph.D. degree in signal & information processing from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in Hefei, China, in 2003. He is currently a professor in the Department of Communications at the National University of Defense Technology in Hefei, China. His research interests include signal processing and intelligence computing.E-mail: Hui Liu was born in Anhui Province, China, 1983. He received a B.S. degree in communications engineering from Wuhan University in Wuhan, China, in 2005. He received an M.S. degree and Ph.D. degree in communication & information systems from the Electronic Engineering Institute in Hefei, China in 2008 and 2011, respectively. He is currently a lecturer in the Department of Communications at the National University of Defense Technology in Hefei, China. His interests include intelligent information processing and cognitive communication.E-mail:","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors information"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"85"}}