{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T23:49:53Z","timestamp":1769298593909,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"IDEAL-IoT (Intelligent DEnse And Longe range IoT networks) SBO project, funded by the FWO-V","award":["S004017N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S004017N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-019-1502-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T18:08:04Z","timestamp":1567447684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Impact of EU duty cycle and transmission power limitations for sub-GHz LPWAN SRDs: an overview and future challenges"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2019","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-1996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn","family":"Saelens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Hoebeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eli De","family":"Poorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. M. Marais, R. Malekian, A. M. Abu-Mahfouz, in 2017 IEEE AFRICON. LoRa and LoRaWAN testbeds: a review, (2017), pp. 1496\u20131501. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AFRCON.2017.8095703\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/AFRCON.2017.8095703"},{"key":"#cr-split#-1502_CR2.1","unstructured":"K. Mikhaylov, J. Petaejaejaervi, T. Haenninen, in European Wireless 2016"},{"key":"#cr-split#-1502_CR2.2","unstructured":"22th European Wireless Conference. Analysis of capacity and scalability of the LoRa low power wide area network technology (VDEBerlin, 2016), pp. 1-6.   https:\/\/www.vde-verlag.de\/    ."},{"key":"1502_CR3","unstructured":"A. Pop, U. Raza, P. Kulkarni, M. Sooriyabandara, Does bidirectional traffic do more harm than good in LoRaWAN based LPWA networks?. CoRR. abs\/1704.04174: (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1704.04174."},{"issue":"9","key":"1502_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600613","volume":"55","author":"Ferran Adelantado","year":"2017","unstructured":"F. Adelantado, X. Vilajosana, P. Tuset-Peiro, B. Martinez, J. Melia-Segui, T. Watteyne, Understanding the limits of LoRaWAN. IEEE Commun. Mag.55(9), 34\u201340 (2017). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600613\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"1502_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Vejlgaard, M. Lauridsen, H. Nguyen, I. Z. Kovacs, P. Mogensen, M. Sorensen, in 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). Coverage and capacity analysis of Sigfox, LoRa, GPRS, and NB-IoT, (2017), pp. 1\u20135. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VTCSpring.2017.8108666\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2017.8108666"},{"key":"1502_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Ismail, M. Rahman, A. Saifullah, in Proceedings of the Workshop Program of the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking. Workshops ICDCN \u201918. Low-power wide-area networks: opportunities, challenges, and directions (ACMNew York, 2018), pp. 8\u2013186. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3170521.3170529\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1145\/3170521.3170529"},{"key":"1502_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. E. Nolan, W. Guibene, M. Y. Kelly, in 2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC). An evaluation of low power wide area network technologies for the Internet of Things, (2016), pp. 439\u2013444. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IWCMC.2016.7577098\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2016.7577098"},{"key":"1502_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Kawamoto, Y. Kado, in 2016 TRON Symposium (TRONSHOW). NES-SOURCE: indoor small-scale wireless control network protocol that has a communication failure point avoidance function, (2016), pp. 1\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TRONSHOW.2016.7842884\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/TRONSHOW.2016.7842884"},{"key":"1502_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks\u2013part 15.4: low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) amendment 3: physical layer (PHY) specifications for low-data-rate, wireless, smart metering utility networks. IEEE Std 802.15.4g-2012 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011), 1\u2013252 (2012). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEEESTD.2012.6190698\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2012.6190698"},{"key":"1502_CR10","unstructured":"T. Adame, S. Barrachina, B. Bellalta, A. Bel, HARE: supporting efficient uplink multi-hop communications in self-organizing LPWANs. CoRR. abs\/1701.04673: (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1701.04673."},{"key":"1502_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Karaa\u011fa\u00e7, J. Haxhibeqiri, W. Joseph, I. Moerman, J. Hoebeke, in 2017 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). Wireless industrial communication for connected shuttle systems in warehouses, (2017), pp. 1\u20134. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WFCS.2017.7991971\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WFCS.2017.7991971"},{"key":"1502_CR12","unstructured":"M. Altmann, P. Schlegl, K. Volbert, in 2015 12th International Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES). A low-power wireless system for energy consumption analysis at mains sockets (IEEE Piscataway, 2015), pp. 79\u201384. \n                    https:\/\/www.ieee.org\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR13","unstructured":"M. Qutab-ud-din, A. Hazmi, L. F. D. Carpio, A. Goekceoglu, B. Badihi, P. Amin, A. Larmo, M. Valkama, in European Wireless 2016; 22th European Wireless Conference. Duty cycle challenges of IEEE 802.11ah networks in M2M and IoT applications (VDEBerlin, 2016), pp. 1\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/www.vde-verlag.de\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"4","key":"1502_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2979678","volume":"12","author":"Congduc Pham","year":"2016","unstructured":"C. Pham, QoS for long-range wireless sensors under duty-cycle regulations with shared activity time usage. ACM Trans. Sen. Netw.12(4), 33\u201313331 (2016). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2979678\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"1502_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/DCOSS.2018.00015","volume-title":"2018 14th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS)","author":"M. T. Islam","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. T. Islam, B. Islam, S. Nirjon, in 2018 14th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS). Duty-cycle-aware real-time scheduling of wireless links in low power wans (IEEE Piscataway, 2018), pp. 53\u201360."},{"issue":"1","key":"1502_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4419-5","volume":"95","author":"Eli De Poorter","year":"2017","unstructured":"E. De Poorter, J. Hoebeke, M. Strobbe, I. Moerman, S. Latr\u00e9, M. Weyn, B. Lannoo, J. Famaey, Sub-GHz LPWAN network coexistence, management and virtualization: an overview and open research challenges. Wirel. Pers. Commun.95(1), 187\u2013213 (2017). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-017-4419-5\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"key":"1502_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Lauridsen, B. Vejlgaard, I. Z. Kovacs, H. Nguyen, P. Mogensen, in 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). Interference measurements in the European 868 MHz ISM band with focus on LoRa and SigFox, (2017), pp. 1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WCNC.2017.7925650\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2017.7925650"},{"key":"1502_CR18","unstructured":"European Union, Commission Decision of 9 November 2006 on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices (2006). 2006\/771\/EC. Consolidated version of August 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR19","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, ERC Recommendation 70-03 Relating to the use of short range devices (SRD) (1997). \n                    https:\/\/www.ecodocdb.dk\/download\/Archive\/25c41779-cd6e\/4206d0ad-1909\/Rec7003.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR20","unstructured":"M. Loy, R. Karingattil, L. Williams, ISM-band and short range device regulatory compliance overview (2005). \n                    http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/an\/swra048\/swra048.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR21","unstructured":"ETSI, Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement (2017). \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_en\/300200_300299\/30022001\/03.01.01_60\/en_30022001v030101p.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"1","key":"1502_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2746342","volume":"12","author":"Shan Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"S. Lin, F. Miao, J. Zhang, G. Zhou, L. Gu, T. He, J. A. Stankovic, S. Son, G. J. Pappas, ATPC: adaptive transmission power control for wireless sensor networks. ACM Trans. Sen. Netw.12(1), 6\u20131631 (2016). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2746342\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"1502_CR23","unstructured":"European Union, Commission Decision of 9 November 2006 on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices (2006). \n                    http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02006D0771(01)-20080611\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR24","unstructured":"SigFox, Sigfox technical overview (2017). \n                    https:\/\/storage.sbg1.cloud.ovh.net\/v1\/AUTH_669d7dfced0b44518cb186841d7cbd75\/dev_medias\/build_technicalOverview.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR25","unstructured":"LoRa Alliance Technical Committee, LoRaWAN\u2122 Regional Parameters (2016). \n                    https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/17\/10\/2364\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR26","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union, Recommendation ITU-R SM.1896: frequency ranges for global or regional harmonization of short-range devices (2011). \n                    https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pubrec\/itu-r\/rec\/sm\/R-REC-SM.1896-0-201111-S!!PDF-E.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR27","unstructured":"European Union, Permanent mandate to CEPT regarding the annual update of the technical annex of the Commission Decision on the technical harmonisation of radio spectrum for use by short range devices (2006). \n                    http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/newsroom\/dae\/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=7494\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR28","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, In response to the EC permanent mandate on the \u201cAnnual update of the technical annex of the Commission Decision on the technical harmonisation of radio spectrum for use by short range devices\u201d (2016). \n                    https:\/\/www.erodocdb.dk\/download\/08fc64c1-36ab\/CEPTRep059.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR29","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, Addendum to CEPT Report 59 (2017). \n                    https:\/\/www.erodocdb.dk\/download\/08fc64c1-36ab\/CEPTRep059_Addendum.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR30","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, Future Spectrum Demand for Short Range Devices in the UHF Frequency Bands (2014). \n                    https:\/\/www.erodocdb.dk\/download\/f584774b-c3c4\/ECCREP189.PDF\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR31","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, Co-existence studies for proposed SRD and RFID applications in the frequency band 870-876 MHz and 915-921 MHz (2013). \n                    https:\/\/www.erodocdb.dk\/download\/26ce1d81-2a81\/ECCREP200.PDF\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR32","unstructured":"European Union, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018\/1538 of 11 October 2018 on the harmonisation of radio spectrum for use by short-range devices within the 874-876 and 915-921 MHz frequency bands (2018). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:32018D1538\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR33","unstructured":"European Union, Decision No 676\/2002\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on a regulatory framework for radio spectrum policy in the European Community (Radio Spectrum Decision) (2002). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32002D0676\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"2","key":"1502_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2652320","volume":"19","author":"Usman Raza","year":"2017","unstructured":"U. Raza, P. Kulkarni, M. Sooriyabandara, Low power wide area networks: an overview. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor.19(2), 855\u2013873 (2017). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2017.2652320\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"1502_CR35","unstructured":"J. -C. Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, B. Ponsard, SIGFOX System Description. Internet-Draft draft-zuniga-lpwan-sigfox-system-description-04, Internet Engineering Task Force (December 2017). Work in Progress. \n                    https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/draft-zuniga-lpwan-sigfox-system-description-04\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR36","unstructured":"J. de Carvalho Silva, J. J. P. C. Rodrigues, A. M. Alberti, P. Solic, A. L. L. Aquino, in 2017 2nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech). LoRaWAN - a low power WAN protocol for Internet of Things: a review and opportunities (IEEEPiscataway, 2017), pp. 1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/www.ieee.org\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR37","unstructured":"N. Sornin, M. Luis, T. Eirich, T. Kramp, O. Hersent, LoRaWAN\u2122 Specification (2016)."},{"key":"1502_CR38","unstructured":"Semtech Corporation, SX1272\/3\/6\/7\/8: LoRa ModemDesigner\u2019s Guide (2013). \n                    http:\/\/www.semtech.com\/images\/datasheet\/LoraDesignGuide_STD.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR39","unstructured":"N. Blenn, F. A. Kuipers, Lorawan in the wild: measurements from the things network. CoRR. abs\/1706.03086: (2017). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1706.03086."},{"key":"1502_CR40","unstructured":"DASH, 7\u2122 Alliance, DASH7 Alliance Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network Protocol Version 1.1 (2017)."},{"key":"1502_CR41","unstructured":"Q. Wang, X. Vilajosana, T. Watteyne, 6TiSCH Operation Sublayer Protocol (6P) (2018). Internet-Draft draft-ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol-12, Internet Engineering Task Force (2018). Work in Progress. \n                    https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/draft-ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol-12\n                    \n                  . Accessed 11 Oct 2018."},{"key":"1502_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Thomas, R. Shalu, J. J. Daniel, S. V. R. Anand, M. Hegde, in 2017 9th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS). 6TiSCH operation sublayer (6top) implementation on contiki os, (2017), pp. 423\u2013424. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMSNETS.2017.7945424\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS.2017.7945424"},{"issue":"4","key":"1502_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/1448837X.2017.1409920","volume":"13","author":"H. A. A. Al-Kashoash","year":"2016","unstructured":"H. A. A. Al-Kashoash, A. H. Kemp, Comparison of 6LoWPAN and LPWAN for the Internet of Things. Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 13(4), 268\u2013274 (2016). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1448837X.2017.1409920\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering"},{"key":"1502_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Thielemans, M. Bezunartea, K. Steenhaut, in 2017 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS). Establishing transparent IPv6 communication on LoRa based low power wide area networks (LPWANs), (2017), pp. 1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WTS.2017.7943535\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WTS.2017.7943535"},{"issue":"2","key":"1502_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020402","volume":"19","author":"Andrea Abrardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"A. Abrardo, A. Pozzebon, A multi-hop LoRa linear sensor network for the monitoring of underground environments: the case of the Medieval Aqueducts in Siena, Italy. Sensors. 19(2) (2019). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19020402\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1502_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Anedda, C. Desogus, M. Murroni, D. D. Giusto, G. Muntean, in 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB). An energy-efficient solution for multi-hop communications in Low Power Wide Area Networks, (2018), pp. 1\u20135. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BMSB.2018.8436722\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB.2018.8436722"},{"key":"1502_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21430","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2755858","volume":"5","author":"Chun-Hao Liao","year":"2017","unstructured":"C. Liao, G. Zhu, D. Kuwabara, M. Suzuki, H. Morikawa, Multi-hop LoRa networks enabled by concurrent transmission. IEEE Access. 5:, 21430\u201321446 (2017). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2755858\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1502_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Sartori, S. Thielemans, M. Bezunartea, A. Braeken, K. Steenhaut, in 2017 IEEE 13th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). Enabling RPL multihop communications based on LoRa, (2017), pp. 1\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WiMOB.2017.8115756\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WiMOB.2017.8115756"},{"key":"1502_CR49","unstructured":"IEEE, IEEE 802.15 WPANTM Task Group 4w (TG4w) Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) (2011). Available online: \n                    http:\/\/grouper.ieee.org\/groups\/802\/15\/pub\/TG4w.html\n                    \n                   Accessed 23 May 2019."},{"key":"1502_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Standards news. IEEE Commun. Stand. Mag.2(4), 12\u201317 (2018). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOMSTD.2018.8636827\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.2018.8636827"},{"key":"1502_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z. Shelby, K. Hartke, C. Bormann, The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). RFC Editor (2014). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17487\/RFC7252\n                    \n                  . \n                    https:\/\/rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc7252.txt\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC7252"},{"key":"1502_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"N. Accettura, L. A. Grieco, G. Boggia, P. Camarda, in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics. Performance analysis of the RPL routing protocol, (2011), pp. 767\u2013772. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICMECH.2011.5971218\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMECH.2011.5971218"},{"key":"1502_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"U. Kulau, S. M\u00fcller, S. Schildt, A. Martens, F. B\u00fcsching, L. Wolf, in 2017 IEEE 18th International Symposium on A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). Energy efficiency impact of transient node failures when using RPL, (2017), pp. 1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WoWMoM.2017.7974283\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WoWMoM.2017.7974283"},{"key":"1502_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Heurtefeux, H. Menouar, N. AbuAli, in 2013 IEEE 9th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). Experimental Evaluation of a Routing Protocol for WSNS: RPL robustness under study, (2013), pp. 491\u2013498. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WiMOB.2013.6673404\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WiMOB.2013.6673404"},{"key":"1502_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ieee standard for low-rate wireless networks. IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011), 1\u2013709 (2016). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEEESTD.2016.7460875\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2016.7460875"},{"key":"1502_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Rizzi, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, E. Sisinni, M. Gidlund, in 2017 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). Using LoRa for industrial wireless networks, (2017), pp. 1\u20134. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WFCS.2017.7991972\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WFCS.2017.7991972"},{"key":"1502_CR57","unstructured":"P. Thubert, An architecture for IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4 (2018). Internet-Draft draft-ietf-6tisch-architecture-14, Internet Engineering Task Force (2018). Work in Progress. \n                    https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/draft-ietf-6tisch-architecture-14\n                    \n                  . Accessed 19 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Du, G. Roussos, in 2012 4th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference (CEEC). Adaptive time slotted channel hopping for wireless sensor networks, (2012), pp. 29\u201334. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CEEC.2012.6375374\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/CEEC.2012.6375374"},{"key":"1502_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Tavakoli, M. Nabi, T. Basten, K. Goossens, in 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems. Enhanced time-slotted channel hopping in WSNS using non-intrusive channel-quality estimation, (2015), pp. 217\u2013225. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MASS.2015.48\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/MASS.2015.48"},{"key":"1502_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V. Kotsiou, G. Z. Papadopoulos, P. Chatzimisios, F. Theoleyre, in Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems. MSWiM \u201917. Label: link-based adaptive blacklisting technique for 6TiSCH wireless industrial networks (ACMNew York, 2017), pp. 25\u201333. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3127540.3127541\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1145\/3127540.3127541"},{"key":"1502_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Li, T. Vermeulen, H. Liy, S. Pollin, in 2015 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS). An adaptive channel selection scheme for reliable TSCH-based communication, (2015), pp. 511\u2013515. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISWCS.2015.7454397\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWCS.2015.7454397"},{"issue":"4","key":"1502_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2833289","volume":"5","author":"Ruben M. Sandoval","year":"2018","unstructured":"R. M. Sandoval, A. Garcia-Sanchez, J. Garcia-Haro, T. M. Chen, Optimal policy derivation for transmission duty-cycle constrained LPWAN. IEEE Internet of Things J.5(4), 3114\u20133125 (2018). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2833289\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"1502_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. Fanucchi, R. Knorr, B. Staehle, in 2015 IEEE 16th International Symposium on A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). Impact of network monitoring in IEEE 802.15.4e-based wireless sensor networks, (2015), pp. 1\u20133. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WoWMoM.2015.7158174\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1109\/WoWMoM.2015.7158174"},{"key":"1502_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"W. Liu, M. Chwalisz, C. Fortuna, E. De Poorter, J. Hauer, D. Pareit, L. Hollevoet, I. Moerman, Heterogeneous spectrum sensing: challenges and methodologies. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw.2015(1), 70 (2015). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-015-0291-8\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-015-0291-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"1502_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700655","volume":"56","author":"Jeroen Famaey","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Famaey, R. Berkvens, G. Ergeerts, E. D. Poorter, F. V. d. Abeele, T. Bolckmans, J. Hoebeke, M. Weyn, Flexible multimodal sub-gigahertz communication for heterogeneous internet of things applications. IEEE Commun. Mag.56(7), 146\u2013153 (2018). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700655\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"1502_CR66","unstructured":"United Nations, United Nations Treaty Series: treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations. Vol. 30 (1949). \n                    https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/doc\/Publication\/UNTS\/Volume%2030\/v30.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR67","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union, Collection of the basic texts adopted by the Plenipotentiary Conference (2015). \n                    http:\/\/handle.itu.int\/11.1004\/020.1000\/5.21.61.en.100\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR68","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union, Radio Regulations: Articles. Vol. 1 (2016). \n                    http:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-r\/opb\/reg\/R-REG-RR-2016-ZPF-E.zip\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118759639","volume-title":"Radio Spectrum Management: Policies, Regulations and Techniques","author":"H. Mazar","year":"2016","unstructured":"H. Mazar, Radio Spectrum Management: Policies, Regulations and Techniques (Wiley, Hoboken, 2016)."},{"key":"1502_CR70","volume-title":"Telecommunication Networks for the Smart Grid: Artech House power engineering series","author":"A. Sendin","year":"2016","unstructured":"A. Sendin, M. A. Sanchez-Fornie, I. Berganza, J. Simon, I. Urrutia, Telecommunication Networks for the Smart Grid: Artech House power engineering series (Artech House Publishers, Norwood, 2016)."},{"key":"1502_CR71","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union, Resolution ITU-R 54-2: studies to achieve harmonization for short-range devices (2015). \n                    https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-r\/opb\/res\/R-RES-R.54-2-2015-PDF-E.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR72","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union, Report ITU-R SM.2153-6: technical and operating parameters and spectrum use for short-range radiocommunication devices (2017). \n                    https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-r\/opb\/rep\/R-REP-SM.2153-6-2017-PDF-E.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR73","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union, Recommendation ITU-R SM.2103-0: global harmonization of short-range devices categories (2017). \n                    https:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pubrec\/itu-r\/rec\/sm\/R-REC-SM.2103-0-201709-I!!PDF-E.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR74","unstructured":"European Union, Decision No 243\/2012\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2012 establishing a multiannual radio spectrum policy programme (2012). \n                    http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32012D0243\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2014). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2775\/11255\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.2775\/11255"},{"key":"1502_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. -D. Borchardt, The ABC of EU law (Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2016). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2775\/953190\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.2775\/953190"},{"key":"1502_CR77","unstructured":"European Union: Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2016). \n                    http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02016ME\/TXT-20160901\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR78","unstructured":"European Union: Regulation (EU) No 182\/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission\u2019s exercise of implementing powers (2011). \n                    http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:32011R0182\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR79","unstructured":"European Union: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council; Implementation of Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. COM (2009) 673 final (2009). \n                    http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=celex:52009DC0673\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR80","unstructured":"European Union: Commission Decision of 26 July 2002 establishing a Radio Spectrum Policy Group (2002). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02002D0622-20100107\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR81","unstructured":"CEPT, CEPT Background (2017). Available online: \n                    https:\/\/cept.org\/cept\/background\n                    \n                   Accessed 8 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR82","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, ECC All About Our Organisation; The Electronic Communications Committee (2017)."},{"key":"1502_CR83","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC and European Union, Memorandum of Understanding Between the European Commission (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) and the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (\u201cCEPT\u201d) (2004). \n                    https:\/\/cept.org\/files\/6682\/MoU%20EC%20and%20CEPT.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR84","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, Rules of Procedure for the Electronic Communications Committee (and its subordinate entities), 15th edition (CEPT\/ECC, Copenhagen, 2017). \n                    https:\/\/cept.org\/ecc\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR85","unstructured":"CEPT, European Communications Office Documentation Database. Available online: \n                    http:\/\/www.ecodocdb.dk\/\n                    \n                   Accessed 10 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR86","unstructured":"European Union, Regulation (EU) No 1025\/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on European standardisation, amending Council Directives 89\/686\/EEC and 93\/15\/EEC and Directives 94\/9\/EC, 94\/25\/EC, 95\/16\/EC, 97\/23\/EC, 98\/34\/EC, 2004\/22\/EC, 2007\/23\/EC, 2009\/23\/EC and 2009\/105\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Decision 87\/95\/EEC and Decision No 1673\/2006\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (2012). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02012R1025-20151007\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR87","unstructured":"ETSI, Building the future: work programme 2017\u20132018 (2017). \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/images\/files\/WorkProgramme\/etsi-work-programme-2017-2018.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR88","unstructured":"ETSI, Long-term strategy 2016\u20132021 (2018). \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\/technologies-clusters\/white-papers-and-brochures\/etsi-long-term-strategy\n                    \n                  . Accessed 28 Feb 2018."},{"key":"1502_CR89","unstructured":"ETSI, Role in Europe. Available online: \n                    http:\/\/www.etsi.org\/about\/what-we-are\/role-in-europe\n                    \n                   Accessed 10 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR90","unstructured":"European Union, CIRCABC - Radio Spectrum Committee (RSC). Available online: \n                    https:\/\/circabc.europa.eu\/faces\/jsp\/extension\/wai\/navigation\/container.jsp\n                    \n                   Accessed 11 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR91","unstructured":"European Union, Radio spectrum CEPT mandates: list of EC mandates to CEPT (2014). Available online: \n                    https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/news\/radio-spectrum-cept-mandates-0\n                    \n                   Accessed 11 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR92","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC and ETSI, European process of standardisation and regulation for radiocommunications devices and systems - cooperation between CEPT\/ECC and ETSI (2018). \n                    https:\/\/cept.org\/files\/7326\/ECC-ETSI%20cooperation%20process-2018%20final.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR93","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, ETSI: Memorandum of Understanding between the CEPT Electronics Communications Committee (ECC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) (2016). \n                    https:\/\/cept.org\/files\/6682\/MoU%20ECC%20and%20ETSI%20-%20update%202016.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR94","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC and ETSI, ETSI-ECC cross reference matrix (2017). Available online: \n                    https:\/\/cept.org\/files\/7326\/ETSI-ECC_cross_reference_matrix-October2017v3.xlsx\n                    \n                   Accessed 11 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR95","unstructured":"European Union, National Regulatory Authorities (2018). Available online: \n                    https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/national-regulatory-authorities\n                    \n                   Accessed 28 Aug 2018."},{"key":"1502_CR96","unstructured":"BIPT, Telecommunications-Radio communications. Available online: \n                    http:\/\/www.bipt.be\/en\/operators\/bipt\/international-relations\/telecommunications-radio-communications\n                    \n                   Accessed 11 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR97","unstructured":"Ofcom, Spectrum (international work) (2010). Available online: \n                    https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/about-ofcom\/international\/spectrum\n                    \n                   Accessed 11 Dec 2017."},{"key":"1502_CR98","unstructured":"European Union, Commission Decision of 6 April 2000 establishing the initial classification of radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and associated identifiers (2000). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32000D0299\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR99","unstructured":"European Union, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017\/1354 of 20 July 2017 specifying how to present the information provided for in Article 10(10) of Directive 2014\/53\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (2017). \n                    http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32017R1354\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR100","unstructured":"CEPT, R&TTE and RE Equipment Classes (2014). Available online: \n                    https:\/\/www.efis.dk\/sitecontent.jsp?sitecontent=RTTE_sub-classes\n                    \n                   Accessed 11 Jan 2018."},{"key":"1502_CR101","unstructured":"European Union, Opinion of the RSC on a draft Commission Mandate to CEPT on SRD radio spectrum harmonisation (2004). \n                    https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/news\/radio-spectrum-ceptmandates-0\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR102","unstructured":"European Union, Commission Decision of 16 May 2007 on harmonised availability of information regarding spectrum use within the Community (2007). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX%3A32007D0344\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR103","unstructured":"CEPT, ECO Frequency Information System. Available online: \n                    https:\/\/www.efis.dk\/\n                    \n                   Accessed 12 Jan 2018."},{"key":"1502_CR104","unstructured":"European Union, Mandate to CEPT on the use of EFIS for publication and access to spectrum information within the Community (2005). \n                    https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/news\/radio-spectrum-ceptmandates-0\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR105","unstructured":"European Union, Directive 2014\/53\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999\/5\/EC (2014). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/GA\/TXT\/?uri=celex:32014L0053\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR106","unstructured":"European Union, Commission communication in the framework of the implementation of Directive 2014\/53\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999\/5\/EC (Publication of titles and references of harmonised standards under Union harmonisation legislation) (2017). \n                    https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/SV\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52017XC0512(04)\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR107","unstructured":"European Union, Nando (New Approach Notified and Designated Organisations) Information System. Available online: \n                    http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/tools-databases\/nando\/\n                    \n                   Accessed 13 Feb 2018."},{"key":"1502_CR108","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, Working Methods for the Electronic Communications Committee (and its sub-ordinate entities), 28th edition (CEPT\/ECC, Copenhagen, 2017). \n                    https:\/\/cept.org\/ecc\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR109","unstructured":"CEPT\/ECC, ECC Decision of 14 March 2008 on the withdrawal of ERC\/DEC\/(01)04, ERC\/DEC\/(01)09, ERC\/DEC\/(01)13, ERC\/DEC\/(01)15 and ERC\/DEC(01)18 (2008). \n                    https:\/\/www.ecodocdb.dk\/download\/6e386e17-bc5d\/ECCDEC0804.PDF\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR110","unstructured":"European Union, Commission Implementing Decision of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive 2014\/53\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (2015). \n                    https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/toolsdatabases\/mandates\/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.detail&id=556\n                    \n                  #."},{"key":"1502_CR111","unstructured":"ETSI, Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 2: Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum for non specific radio equipment (2018). \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_en\/300200_300299\/30022002\/03.02.01_60\/en_30022002v030201p.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR112","unstructured":"ETSI, Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 3-1: Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014\/53\/EU; Low duty cycle high reliability equipment, social alarms equipment operating on designated frequencies (869,200 MHz to 869,250 MHz) (2016). \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_en\/300200_300299\/3002200301\/02.01.01_60\/en_3002200301v020101p.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR113","unstructured":"ETSI, Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 3-2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014\/53\/EU; Wireless alarms operating in designated LDC\/HR frequency bands 868,60 MHz to 868,70 MHz, 869,25 MHz to 869,40 MHz, 869,65 MHz to 869,70 MHz (2017). \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_en\/300200_300299\/3002200302\/01.01.01_60\/en_3002200302v010101p.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1502_CR114","unstructured":"ETSI, Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 4: Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014\/53\/EU; Metering devices operating in designated band 169,400 MHz to 169,475 MHz (2017). \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_en\/300200_300299\/30022004\/01.01.01_60\/en_30022004v010101p.pdf\n                    \n                  ."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1502-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1502-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1502-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T23:15:16Z","timestamp":1598915716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1502-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-019-1502-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"219"}}