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However, for some special scenarios, multiple platforms may need to collaborate to overcome the effects of terrain. But the interferences introduced by multiple carriers and access links may hinder the process and restrict its practicability. In order to eliminate these interferences, a proposal on multiple carrier frequency offsets (MCFO) compensation algorithm was provided in this paper. Furthermore, this paper analyzed the lower bound of bit error ratio (BER) for cooperative HAPS systems. Simulation was also carried out, and the results validate the correctness of our theoretical analysis results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-020-01758-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T11:02:36Z","timestamp":1596279756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multiple carrier frequency offset compensation for cooperative HAPS IoT systems"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baocong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1758_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivarajan, Kumar N. \u201cLTE for rural applications and humanitarian relief.\u201d International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief 2011.","DOI":"10.1145\/2185216.2185293"},{"issue":"5","key":"1758_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5458373","volume":"48","author":"RS Wolff","year":"2010","unstructured":"R.S. 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