{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:30:27Z","timestamp":1772166627845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cloudlet is a small-scale cloud datacenter deployed at the network edge to support mobile applications in proximity with low latency. While an individual cloudlet operates on moderate power, cloudlet clusters are well-suited candidates for emergency demand response (EDR) scenarios due to substantial electricity consumption and job elasticity: mobile workloads in the edge often exhibit elasticity in their execution. To efficiently carry out edge EDR via cloudlet cluster control, two fundamental problems need to be addressed: how to incentivize the participation of cloudlet clusters and how to schedule and allocate workloads in each cluster to satisfy EDR requirements. We propose a two-stage control scheme, consisting of (i) an auction mechanism to motivate clusters\u2019 voluntary energy reduction and select participants with the minimum social cost and (ii) an online task scheduling algorithm for chosen clusters to dispatch workloads to guarantee target EDR power reduction. Using the primal-dual optimization theory, we prove that our control scheme is truthful, individually rational, runs in polynomial time, and achieves near-optimal performance. Large-scale simulation studies based on real-world data also confirm the efficiency and superiority of our scheme over state-of-the-art algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-020-01789-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T14:03:52Z","timestamp":1599746632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Emergency demand response in edge computing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Zhaoyan","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shihan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.S.","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1789_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.9","volume":"50","author":"M. Satyanarayanan","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Satyanarayanan, The emergence of edge computing. IEEE Comput.50(1), 30\u201339 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Comput."},{"key":"1789_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Zhang, K. Wang, Y. Zhou, Q. He, Enhanced adaptive cloudlet placement approach for mobile application on spark. Secur. Commun. Netw.2018: (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1937670.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1937670"},{"issue":"3","key":"1789_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1587\/transcom.2017NRI0001","volume":"101","author":"N. Ansari","year":"2018","unstructured":"N. Ansari, X. Sun, Mobile edge computing empowers Internet of Things. IEICE Trans. Comm.101(3), 604\u2013619 (2018).","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Comm."},{"issue":"1","key":"1789_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2010.2048223","volume":"26","author":"A. Molina-Garcia","year":"2010","unstructured":"A. Molina-Garcia, F. Bouffard, D. Kirschen, Decentralized demand-side contribution to primary frequency control. IEEE Trans. Power Syst.26(1), 411\u2013419 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"1789_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198","volume":"3","author":"W. Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"W. Shi, J. Cao, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, L. Xu, Edge computing: vision and challenges. IEEE Internet Things J.3(5), 637\u2013646 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"1789_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Zhang, S. Lei, C. Wu, Z. Li, in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM. A truthful incentive mechanism for emergency demand response in colocation data centers, (2015), pp. 2632\u20132640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infocom.2015.7218654.","DOI":"10.1109\/infocom.2015.7218654"},{"key":"1789_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Chen, D. Ye, S. Ji, Q. He, Y. Xiang, Z. Liu, in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM. A truthful FTPAs mechanism for emergency demand response in colocation data centers, (2019), pp. 2557\u20132565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infocom.2019.8737468.","DOI":"10.1109\/infocom.2019.8737468"},{"key":"1789_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"X. Zhang, Z. Huang, C. Wu, Z. Li, F. Lau, in Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, vol. 43. Online auctions in IAAs clouds: welfare and profit maximization with server costs, (2015), pp. 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnet.2016.2619743.","DOI":"10.1109\/tnet.2016.2619743"},{"issue":"2","key":"1789_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2016.2609844","volume":"25","author":"R. Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"R. Zhou, Z. Li, C. Wu, Z. Huang, An efficient cloud market mechanism for computing jobs with soft deadlines. IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw.25(2), 793\u2013805 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"1789_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/2742343","volume":"2","author":"N. Jain","year":"2015","unstructured":"N. Jain, I. Menache, J. S. Naor, J. Yaniv, Near-optimal scheduling mechanisms for deadline-sensitive jobs in large computing clusters. ACM Trans. Parallel Comput.2(1), 3\u20131329 (2015).","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Parallel Comput."},{"key":"1789_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-015-0031-y","volume":"4","author":"Z. Dong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Z. Dong, N. Liu, R. Rojas-Cessa, Greedy scheduling of tasks with time constraints for energy-efficient cloud-computing data centers. J. Cloud Comput.4:, 1\u201314 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Cloud Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"1789_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2188653","volume":"3","author":"D. Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"D. Kim, J. Kim, Design of emergency demand response program using analytic hierarchy process. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid. 3(2), 635\u2013644 (2012).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"1789_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.01.068","volume":"122","author":"H. Kwag","year":"2014","unstructured":"H. Kwag, J. Kim, Reliability modeling of demand response considering uncertainty of customer behavior. Appl. Energy. 122:, 24\u201333 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"1789_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Zhou, Z. Li, C. Wu, in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM. An online procurement auction for power demand response in storage-assisted smart grids, (2015), pp. 2641\u20132649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infocom.2015.7218655.","DOI":"10.1109\/infocom.2015.7218655"},{"key":"1789_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2015.11.099","volume":"78","author":"K. Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"K. Ma, T. Yao, J. Yang, X. Guan, Residential power scheduling for demand response in smart grid. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 78:, 320\u2013325 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"1789_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Q. Sun, S. Ren, C. C. Wu, Z. Li, in Proc. of ACM e-Energy. An online incentive mechanism for emergency demand response in geo-distributed colocation data centers, (2016), p. 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2934328.2934331.","DOI":"10.1145\/2934328.2934331"},{"key":"1789_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Chen, L. Jiao, L. Wang, F. Liu, in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM. An online market mechanism for edge emergency demand response via cloudlet control, (2019), pp. 2566\u20132574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infocom.2019.8737574.","DOI":"10.1109\/infocom.2019.8737574"},{"key":"1789_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. A. Islam, H. Mahmud, S. Ren, X. Wang, in Proc. of IEEE HPCA. Paying to save: reducing cost of colocation data center via rewards, (2015), pp. 235\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/hpca.2015.7056036.","DOI":"10.1109\/hpca.2015.7056036"},{"issue":"12","key":"1789_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2611918","volume":"34","author":"Q. Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Q. Sun, C. Wu, Z. Li, S. Ren, Colocation demand response: joint online mechanisms for individual utility and social welfare maximization. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.34(12), 3978\u20133992 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"1789_CR20","unstructured":"S. Ren, M. A. Islam, in Proc. of USENIX ICAC. Colocation demand response: why do i turn off my servers? (2014), pp. 201\u2013208. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/icac14\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/ren."},{"key":"1789_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z. Zhou, F. Liu, Z. Li, H. Jin, in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM. When smart grid meets geo-distributed cloud: an auction approach to datacenter demand response, (2015), pp. 2650\u20132658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infocom.2015.7218656.","DOI":"10.1109\/infocom.2015.7218656"},{"issue":"12","key":"1789_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2481208","volume":"33","author":"R. Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"R. Zhou, Z. Li, C. Wu, M. Chen, Demand response in smart grids: a randomized auction approach. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.33(12), 2540\u20132553 (2015).","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"1789_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Anand, K. Garg, A. Kumar, in Proc. of SODA. Resource augmentation for weighted flow-time explained by dual fitting, (2012), pp. 1228\u20131241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/1.9781611973099.97.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611973099.97"},{"issue":"1","key":"1789_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1145\/3155297","volume":"14","author":"N. R. Devanur","year":"2018","unstructured":"N. R. Devanur, Z. Huang, Primal dual gives almost optimal energy-efficient online algorithms. TALG. 14(1), 5 (2018).","journal-title":"TALG"},{"key":"1789_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Agrawal, N. R. Devanur, in Proc. of SODA. Fast algorithms for online stochastic convex programming, (2014), pp. 1405\u20131424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/1.9781611973730.93.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611973730.93"},{"key":"1789_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Wang, J. Pan, F. Esposito, in Proc. of SmartIoT. Elastic urban video surveillance system using edge computing, (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3132479.3132490.","DOI":"10.1145\/3132479.3132490"},{"key":"1789_CR27","unstructured":"A. Qureshi, Power-demand routing in massive geo-distributed systems. PhD thesis, MIT (2010). https:\/\/dspace.mit.edu\/handle\/1721.1\/62430."},{"key":"1789_CR28","unstructured":"R. Carr, L. Fleischer, V. Leung, C. Phillips, in Proc. of SODA. Strengthening integrality gaps for capacitated network design and covering problems, (2000), pp. 106\u2013115."},{"key":"1789_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Archer, E. Tardos, in Proc. of IEEE Symposium on of Computer Science. Truthful mechanisms for one-parameter agents, (2001), pp. 482\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springerreference_57955.","DOI":"10.1007\/springerreference_57955"},{"issue":"1","key":"1789_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1287\/moor.6.1.58","volume":"6","author":"R. Myerson","year":"1981","unstructured":"R. Myerson, Optimal auction design. Math. Oper. Res.6(1), 58\u201373 (1981).","journal-title":"Math. Oper. Res."},{"key":"1789_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Cole, N. Devanur, V. Gkatzelis, K. Jain, T. Mai, V. V. Vazirani, S. Yazdanbod, in Proc. of ACM EC. Convex program duality, fisher markets, and nash social welfare, (2017), pp. 459\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3033274.3085109.","DOI":"10.1145\/3033274.3085109"},{"key":"1789_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441","volume-title":"Convex optimization","author":"S. Boyd","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Boyd, L. Vandenberghe, Convex optimization (Cambridge, univ. press, Stanford University, 2004)."},{"key":"1789_CR33","unstructured":"NYISO Summer 2018 Hot weather operations. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.nysrc.org. Accessed 18 July 2019."},{"key":"1789_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G. Ghatikar, V. Ganti, N. Matson, M. A. Piette, Demand response opportunities and enabling technologies for data centers: findings from field studies (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2172\/1174175.","DOI":"10.2172\/1174175"},{"key":"1789_CR35","unstructured":"V. Bahl, Cloudlets for mobile computing (2014). https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/cloudlets-for-mobile-computing-2\/."},{"key":"1789_CR36","unstructured":"M. Ganeshalingam, A. Shehabi, L. B. Desroches, Shining a light on small data centers in the U.S. (2017). https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/8dh8j3kq."},{"key":"1789_CR37","unstructured":"State of the Market Report for PJM. https:\/\/www.monitoringanalytics.com\/reports\/PJM_State_of_the_Market\/2018\/2018q3-som-pjm.pdf. Accessed 17 July 2019."},{"key":"1789_CR38","unstructured":"2018 Utility demand response market snapshot. https:\/\/www.peakload.org\/2018-utility-dr-snapshot-report. Accessed 14 July 2019."},{"key":"1789_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Meisner, T. F. Wenisch, Peak power modeling for data center servers with switched-mode power supplies. ISLPED, 319\u2013324 (2010). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/1840845.1840911.","DOI":"10.1145\/1840845.1840911"},{"key":"1789_CR40","unstructured":"Free online calculation of diesel generator power, energy and fuel consumption. https:\/\/power-calculation.com\/generator-diesel-energy-calculator-genset.php. Accessed 20 July 2019."},{"key":"1789_CR41","unstructured":"U.S. On-highway diesel fuel prices. https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/petroleum\/gasdiesel\/. Accessed 15 July 2019."},{"key":"1789_CR42","unstructured":"A. Gleixner, L. Eifler, T. Gally, et al., The SCIP optimization suite 6.0. ZIB-Report 18-26, Zuse Institute Berlin (2018). http:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0297-zib-69361. Accessed 10 July 2019."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01789-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01789-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01789-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T20:11:21Z","timestamp":1631218281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01789-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01789-z","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-26850\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-26850\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"175"}}