{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:29:28Z","timestamp":1772166568297,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61401407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61401407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUC2019B067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUC2019B067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pattern division multiple access (PDMA) is a new non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. It is proposed to meet the challenge of 5G large-scale connectivity and high-frequency spectral efficiency. Compared with traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA), PDMA can support more users through the allocation of non-orthogonal resources. Due to perfect aperiodic correlation, complete complementary sequence (CCS) greatly improves the spectrum efficiency of the system. It has been widely used in wireless communication and radar sensing, and it still has research value in 5G. In order to apply the advantages of CCS to NOMA communication system, this paper proposes a system model of CCS spread spectrum coding based on PDMA. CCS is used as spread spectrum code to improve the performance of PDMA communication system. At the same time, on the basis of spread spectrum technology, this paper analyzes the average power allocation algorithm and water-filling power allocation algorithm, and a dynamic power allocation algorithm based on the transmission rate and practical application is proposed. The simulation results show that the system model can effectively improve the performance of the system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-020-01812-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T04:07:12Z","timestamp":1602648432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on PDMA communication system based on complete complementary sequence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3846-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Baoxin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Libiao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2948888","volume":"7","author":"L Chettri","year":"2020","unstructured":"L. Chettri, R. Bera, A comprehensive survey on internet of things (IoT) toward 5G wireless systems. IEEE Internet Things J. 7(1), 16\u201332 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"1812_CR2","first-page":"2613","volume-title":"5G network performance analysis and verification based on ubiquitous electricity Internet of Things","author":"L He","year":"2020","unstructured":"L. He, Q. Guo, J. Zhong, X. Wang, M. Li, Y. Teng, 5G network performance analysis and verification based on ubiquitous electricity Internet of Things (2020 IEEE 4th Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC), Chongqing, 2020), pp. 2613\u20132617"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"1812_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2015.7386168","volume":"12","author":"A Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Li, Y. Lan, X. Chen, H. Jiang, Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for future downlink radio access of 5G. China Comm. 12(Supplement), 28\u201337 (2015)","journal-title":"China Comm."},{"key":"1812_CR4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Comparison study of non-orthogonal multiple access schemes for 5G","author":"B Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"B. Wang, K. Wang, Z. Lu, T. Xie, J. Quan, Comparison study of non-orthogonal multiple access schemes for 5G (2015 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, Ghent, 2015), pp. 1\u20135"},{"key":"1812_CR5","first-page":"336","volume-title":"Power-Domain NOMA or NOMA-2000?","author":"AA Khansa","year":"2019","unstructured":"A.A. Khansa, Y. Yin, G. Gui, H. Sari, Power-Domain NOMA or NOMA-2000? (2019 25th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Ho Chi Minh City, 2019), pp. 336\u2013341"},{"key":"1812_CR6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"\u201cA survey of non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G,\u201d 2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference","author":"K Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"K. Lu, Z. Wu, X. Shao, \u201cA survey of non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G,\u201d 2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall, Toronto, ON, 2017), pp. 1\u20135"},{"key":"1812_CR7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pattern division multiple access (PDMA) for cellular future radio access","author":"J Zeng","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. Zeng, B. Li, X. Su, L. Rong, R. Xing, Pattern division multiple access (PDMA) for cellular future radio access (2015 International Conference on Wireless Communications & Signal Processing (WCSP), Nanjing, 2015), pp. 1\u20135"},{"issue":"Supplement2","key":"1812_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2016.7833470","volume":"13","author":"B Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"B. Ren, Y. Wang, X. Dai, K. Niu, W. Tang, Pattern matrix design of PDMA for 5G UL applications. China Comm. 13(Supplement2), 159\u2013173 (2016)","journal-title":"China Comm."},{"key":"1812_CR9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advanced IDD receiver for PDMA uplink system","author":"B Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"B. Ren et al., Advanced IDD receiver for PDMA uplink system (2016 IEEE\/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC), Chengdu, 2016), pp. 1\u20136"},{"issue":"4","key":"1812_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2596438","volume":"66","author":"S Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Chen, B. Ren, Q. Gao, S. Kang, S. Sun, K. Niu, Pattern division multiple access\u2014a novel nonorthogonal multiple access for fifth-generation radio networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 66(4), 3185\u20133196 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"1812_CR11","unstructured":"C. Wang, PDMA generator design and power allocation optimization [D] (University of Electronic Science and technology, 2019)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1812_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1961.1057620","volume":"7","author":"M Golay","year":"1961","unstructured":"M. Golay, Complementary series. IRE Transac. Inform. Theory 7(2), 82\u201387 (1961)","journal-title":"IRE Transac. Inform. Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"1812_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1963.1057807","volume":"9","author":"R Turyn","year":"1963","unstructured":"R. Turyn, Ambiguity functions of complementary sequences (Corresp.). IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 9(1), 46\u201347 (1963)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"1812_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1969.1054284","volume":"15","author":"Y Taki","year":"1969","unstructured":"Y. Taki, H. Miyakawa, M. Hatori, S. Namba, Even-shift orthogonal sequences. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 15(2), 295\u2013300 (1969)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"5","key":"1812_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1972.1054860","volume":"18","author":"C-C Tseng","year":"1972","unstructured":"C.-C. Tseng, C. Liu, Complementary sets of sequences. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 18(5), 644\u2013652 (1972)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"13","key":"1812_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19900576","volume":"26","author":"SZ Budisin","year":"1990","unstructured":"S.Z. Budisin, New complementary pairs of sequences. Electron. Lett. 26(13), 881\u2013883 (1990)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"1812_CR17","first-page":"3899","volume-title":"New complete complementary codes and their analysis","author":"X Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"X. Yang, Y. Mo, D. Li, M. Bian, New complete complementary codes and their analysis (IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Washington, DC, 2007), pp. 3899\u20133904"},{"issue":"8","key":"1812_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2006.878171","volume":"52","author":"R Appuswamy","year":"2006","unstructured":"R. Appuswamy, A.K. Chaturvedi, A new framework for constructing mutually orthogonal complementary sets and ZCZ sequences. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52(8), 3817\u20133826 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"1812_CR19","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Basic properties of the complete complementary codes using the DFT matrices and the Kronecker products","author":"Y Jin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Y. Jin, H. Koga, Basic properties of the complete complementary codes using the DFT matrices and the Kronecker products (2008 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications, Auckland, 2008), pp. 1\u20136"},{"key":"1812_CR20","first-page":"C35-1","volume-title":"New techniques for image change and motion detection based on complete complementary code arrays","author":"SE El-Khamy","year":"2004","unstructured":"S.E. El-Khamy, M.A. Mokhtar, N.O. El-Ganainy, New techniques for image change and motion detection based on complete complementary code arrays (Proceedings of the Twenty-First National Radio Science Conference, 2004. NRSC 2004, Cairo, 2004), p. C35-1"},{"key":"1812_CR21","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Application of MIMO enhancement technique based on spread spectrum method","author":"Z Yuchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Z. Yuchi, L. Shufeng, J. Libiao, Application of MIMO enhancement technique based on spread spectrum method (2016 IEEE International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT), Harbin, 2016), pp. 317\u2013320"},{"key":"1812_CR22","unstructured":"Z. Liupiao, Research on the construction and sequence allocation of spread spectrum sequences [D] (Xi\u2019an University of Electronic Science and technology, 2018)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1812_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2812786","volume":"22","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"H. Wang, R. Zhang, R. Song, S. Leung, A novel power minimization precoding scheme for MIMO-NOMA uplink systems. IEEE Commun. Lett. 22(5), 1106\u20131109 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"1812_CR24","first-page":"71","volume":"01","author":"L Zhiwei","year":"2008","unstructured":"L. Zhiwei, F. Chunyan, Z. Tiankui, Z. Jieying, Power allocation algorithm for multi cell interference coordination in OFDMA systems [J]. J Beijing Univ. Posts Telecomm. 01, 71\u201374 (2008)","journal-title":"J Beijing Univ. Posts Telecomm."},{"key":"1812_CR25","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Power allocation strategies for non-orthogonal multiple access","author":"MM El-Sayed","year":"2016","unstructured":"M.M. El-Sayed, A.S. Ibrahim, M.M. Khairy, Power allocation strategies for non-orthogonal multiple access (2016 International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile & Wireless Networking (MoWNeT), Cairo, 2016), pp. 1\u20136"},{"issue":"7","key":"1812_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2017.2689763","volume":"21","author":"Z Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z. Yang, W. Xu, C. Pan, Y. Pan, M. Chen, On the optimality of power allocation for NOMA downlinks with individual QoS constraints. IEEE Commun. Lett. 21(7), 1649\u20131652 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"1812_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2596760","volume":"20","author":"J Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Choi, Power allocation for max-sum rate and max-min rate proportional fairness in NOMA. IEEE Commun. Lett. 20(10), 2055\u20132058 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"1812_CR28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proportional fairness-based power allocation and user set selection for downlink NOMA systems","author":"F Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"F. Liu, P. M\u00e4h\u00f6nen, M. Petrova, Proportional fairness-based power allocation and user set selection for downlink NOMA systems (2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kuala Lumpur, 2016), pp. 1\u20136"},{"issue":"22","key":"1812_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19901197","volume":"26","author":"SZ Budisin","year":"1990","unstructured":"S.Z. Budisin, New multilevel complementary pairs of sequences. Electron. Lett. 26(22), 1861\u20131863 (1990)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"issue":"05","key":"1812_CR30","first-page":"564","volume":"36","author":"S Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Li, L. Zhang, J. Chen, Y. Zhou, Application of complete complementary sequence in MIMO radar [J]. J Beijing Univ. Aeronautics Astronautics 36(05), 564\u2013569 (2010)","journal-title":"J Beijing Univ. Aeronautics Astronautics"},{"issue":"02","key":"1812_CR31","first-page":"26","volume":"14","author":"G Zhenggang","year":"2010","unstructured":"G. Zhenggang, Channel capacity analysis of MIMO system [J]. J Ningbo Polytechnic 14(02), 26\u201331 (2010)","journal-title":"J Ningbo Polytechnic"},{"issue":"03","key":"1812_CR32","first-page":"39","volume":"31","author":"W Haihong","year":"2010","unstructured":"W. Haihong, Comparison and application of m-sequence and gold sequence in CDMA spread spectrum communication [J]. J Kashi Normal Univ. 31(03), 39\u201343 (2010)","journal-title":"J Kashi Normal Univ."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01812-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01812-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01812-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T20:27:56Z","timestamp":1634156876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01812-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-020-01812-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-60875\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-60875\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"197"}}