{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:50:50Z","timestamp":1776955850448,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010669","name":"H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["762055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["762055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article presents an experimental demonstration of a high-capacity millimeter-wave 5G NR signal transmission with analog radio-over-fiber (ARoF) fronthaul over multi-core fiber and full real-time processing. The demonstration validates the core of the blueSPACE fronthaul architecture which combines ARoF fronthaul with space division multiplexing in the optical distribution network to alleviate the fronthaul capacity bottleneck and maintain a centralized radio access network with fully centralized signal processing. The introduction of optical beamforming in the blueSPACE architecture brings true multi-beam transmission and enables full spatial control over the RF signal. The proposed ARoF architecture features a transmitter that generates the ARoF signal and an optical signal carrying a reference local oscillator employed for downconversion at the remote unit from a single RF reference at the central office. A space division multiplexing based radio access network with multi-core fibre allows parallel transport of the uplink ARoF signal and reference local oscillator at the same wavelength over separate cores. A complete description of the real-time signal processing and experimental setup is provided and system performance is evaluated. Transmission of an 800\u00a0MHz wide extended 5G NR fronthaul signal over a 7-core fibre is shown with full real-time signal processing, achieving 1.4\u00a0Gbit\/s with a bit error rate <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$&lt;3.8\\times 10^{-3}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>3.8<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mo>\u00d7<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mn>10<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:msup>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> and thus below the limit for hard-decision forward error correction with 7% overhead.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-021-01914-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T18:03:31Z","timestamp":1614362611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Real-time high-bandwidth mm-wave 5G NR signal transmission with analog radio-over-fiber fronthaul over multi-core fiber"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8279-8180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Rommel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Grivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cimoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphin","family":"Dodane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8966-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Pikasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1645-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome","family":"Bourderionnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Feugnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7947-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Barros Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michail","family":"Katsikis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Ntontin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kritharidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Spaleniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6764-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mykhaylo","family":"Dubov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idelfonso","family":"Tafur Monroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1914_CR1","unstructured":"ITU-R M.2083, IMT Vision\u2014Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond. ITU (2015)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1914_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328098","volume":"32","author":"JG Andrews","year":"2014","unstructured":"J.G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, W. Choi, S.V. Hanly, A. Lozano, A.C.K. Soong, J.C. Zhang, What will 5G be? IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 32(6), 1065\u20131082 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328098","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"1914_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470940","volume":"54","author":"P Rost","year":"2016","unstructured":"P. Rost, A. Banchs, I. Berberana, M. Breitbach, M. Doll, H. Droste, C. Mannweiler, M.A. Puente, K. Samdanis, B. Sayadi, Mobile network architecture evolution toward 5G. IEEE Commun. Mag. 54(5), 84\u201391 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470940","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"8","key":"1914_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.8436048","volume":"56","author":"A Al-Dulaimi","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Al-Dulaimi, Q. Ni, J. Cao, A. Gatherer, C.L. Chih-Lin, Orchestration of ultra-dense 5G networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 56(8), 68\u201369 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2018.8436048","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"4","key":"1914_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.381912","volume":"12","author":"J Brenes","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Brenes, T.D. Lagkas, D. Klonidis, R. Mu\u00f1oz, S. Rommel, G. Landi, I. Tafur Monroy, E. Grivas, E. Pikasis, G. Bernini, J.M. Fabrega, R. Vilalta, Network slicing architecture for SDM and analog-radio-over-fiber-based 5G fronthaul networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 12(4), 33\u201343 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOCN.381912","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"1914_CR6","unstructured":"3GPP TS 38.104, NR: Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception. 3GPP. 3GPP Rel. 15, V15.7.0 (2019)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1914_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2698898","volume":"35","author":"W Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"W. Feng, Y. Wang, D. Lin, N. Ge, J. Lu, S. Li, When mmWave communications meet network densification: a scalable interference coordination perspective. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 35(7), 1459\u20131471 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2698898","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"1914_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700487","volume":"55","author":"J Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"J. Liu, M. Sheng, L. Liu, J. Li, Network densification in 5G: From the short-range communications perspective. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55(12), 96\u2013102 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700487","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"11","key":"1914_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.7.000B38","volume":"7","author":"T Pfeiffer","year":"2015","unstructured":"T. Pfeiffer, Next generation mobile fronthaul and midhaul architectures. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(11), 38\u201345 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOCN.7.000B38","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"2","key":"1914_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2019.2901412","volume":"65","author":"S Rommel","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. Rommel, D. Perez-Galacho, J.M. Fabrega, R. Mu\u00f1oz, S. Sales, I. Tafur Monroy, High-capacity 5G fronthaul networks based on optical space division multiplexing. IEEE Trans. Broadcasting 65(2), 434\u2013443 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBC.2019.2901412","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Broadcasting"},{"issue":"19","key":"1914_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2020.3004416","volume":"38","author":"S Rommel","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. Rommel, D. Dodane, E. Grivas, B. Cimoli, J. Bourderionnet, G. Feugnet, A. Morales, E. Pikasis, C.G.H. Roeloffzen, P.W.L. van Dijk, M. Katsikis, K. Ntontin, D. Kritharidis, I. Spaleniak, P. Mitchell, M. Dubov, J. Barros Carvalho, I. Tafur Monroy, Towards a scaleable 5G fronthaul: Analog radio-over-fiber and space division multiplexing. IEEE\/OSA J. Lightw. Technol. 38(19), 5412\u20135422 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JLT.2020.3004416","journal-title":"IEEE\/OSA J. Lightw. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"1914_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.9.0000C1","volume":"9","author":"W Klaus","year":"2017","unstructured":"W. Klaus, B.J. Puttnam, R.S. Lu\u00eds, J. Sakaguchi, J.M. Delgado Mendinueta, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, Advanced space division multiplexing technologies for optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(4), 1\u201311 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOCN.9.0000C1","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"3","key":"1914_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.10.000240","volume":"10","author":"M Yaghubi-Namaad","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Yaghubi-Namaad, A.G. Rahbar, B. Alizadeh, Adaptive modulation and flexible resource allocation in space-division- multiplexed elastic optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 10(3), 240\u2013251 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOCN.10.000240","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"1914_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"blueSPACE Consortium, Space Division Multiplexing 5G Fronthaul with Analog and Digital Radio-over-Fiber and Optical Beamforming\u2014the blueSPACE Concept (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1403140","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.1403140"},{"key":"1914_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Rommel, B. Cimoli, E. Grivas, D. Dodane, A. Morales, E. Pikasis, J. Bourderionnet, G. Feugnet, J. Barros Carvalho, M. Katsikis, K. Ntontin, D. Kritharidis, I. Spaleniak, P. Mitchell, M. Dubov, I. Tafur Monroy, Real-time demonstration of ARoF fronthaul for high-bandwidth mm-wave 5G NR signal transmission over multi-core fiber. in European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), Dubrovnik, Croatia (2020). p. 205\u2013208.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EuCNC48522.2020.9200921","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC48522.2020.9200921"},{"issue":"1","key":"1914_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2355255","volume":"17","author":"A Checko","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Checko, H.L. Christensen, Y. Yan, L. Scolari, G. Kardaras, M.S. Berger, L. Dittmann, Cloud RAN for mobile networks-a technology overview. IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. 17(1), 405\u2013426 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2014.2355255","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"issue":"9","key":"1914_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.9.000D64","volume":"9","author":"L Valcarenghi","year":"2017","unstructured":"L. Valcarenghi, K. Kondepu, P. Castoldi, Time-versus size-based CPRI in ethernet encapsulation for next generation reconfigurable fronthaul. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(9), 64\u201373 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOCN.9.000D64","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"1914_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2868805","volume":"21","author":"LMP Larsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"L.M.P. Larsen, A. Checko, H.L. Christiansen, A survey of the functional splits proposed for 5G mobile crosshaul networks. IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts. 21(1), 146\u2013172 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2018.2868805","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"issue":"19","key":"1914_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.3390\/app9194059","volume":"9","author":"C Mitsolidou","year":"2019","unstructured":"C. Mitsolidou, C. Vagionas, A. Mesodiakaki, P. Maniotis, G. Kalfas, C.G.H. Roeloffzen, P.W.L. van Dijk, R.M. Oldenbeuving, A. Miliou, N. Pleros, A 5G C-RAN optical fronthaul architecture for hotspot areas using OFDM-based analog IFoF waveforms. Appl. Sci. 9(19), 4059 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app9194059","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"1914_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Hinrichs, L.F. del Rosal, C. Kottke, V. Jungnickel, Analog vs. next-generation digital fronthaul: How to minimize optical bandwidth utilization. in Intl. Conf. Opt. Netw. Des. Model. (ONDM) (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ondm.2017.7958539","DOI":"10.23919\/ondm.2017.7958539"},{"issue":"11","key":"1914_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.3390\/app10113891","volume":"10","author":"J P\u00e9rez Santacruz","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. P\u00e9rez Santacruz, S. Rommel, U. Johannsen, A. Jurado-Navas, I. Tafur Monroy, Candidate waveforms for ARoF in beyond 5G. Appl. Sci. 10(11), 3891 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10113891","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"1914_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2019.124464","volume":"454","author":"D Konstantinou","year":"2020","unstructured":"D. Konstantinou, T.A.H. Bressner, S. Rommel, U. Johannsen, M.N. Johannson, M. Ivashina, A.B. Smolders, I. Tafur Monroy, 5G RAN architecture based on analog radio-over-fiber fronthaul over UDWDM-PON and phased array fed reflector antennas. Opt. Commun. 454, 124464 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optcom.2019.124464","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"1914_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1109\/8.997999","volume":"50","author":"S Mosca","year":"2002","unstructured":"S. Mosca, F. Bilotti, A. Toscano, L. Vegni, A novel design method for Blass matrix beam-forming networks. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 50(2), 225\u2013232 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/8.997999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"1914_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Roeloffzen, P. van Dijk, R. Oldenbeuving, C. Taddei, D. Geskus, I. Dove, R.B. Timens, J. Epping, A. Leinse, R. Heideman, Enhanced coverage though optical beamforming in fiber wireless networks. in Intl. Conf. Transpar. Opt. Netw. (ICTON) (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICTON.2017.8025129","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2017.8025129"},{"issue":"7","key":"1914_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2961557","volume":"38","author":"T Nikas","year":"2020","unstructured":"T. Nikas, E. Pikasis, S. Karabetsos, D. Syvridis, Compensation of multicore fiber skew effects for radio over fiber mmwave antenna beamforming. J. Lightw. Technol. 38(7), 1644\u20131650 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JLT.2019.2961557","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."},{"key":"1914_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F. Azendorf, A. Dochhan, K. Wilczy\u0144ski, L. Szostkiewicz, P. Urban, B. Schmauss, F.J. Vilchez, L. Nadal, M.S. Moreolo, J.M. Fabrega, M. Eiselt, Characterization of multi-core fiber group delay with correlation OTDR and modulation phase shift methods. in Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. (OFC) (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OFC.2020.M2C.5","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2020.M2C.5"},{"key":"1914_CR27","unstructured":"Intel, Arria 10 SoC Development Kit User Guide. Intel. UG-2004 (2018)"},{"key":"1914_CR28","unstructured":"Analog Devices, AD9144: Quad, 16-Bit, 2.8 GSPS, TxDAC+ Digital-to-Analog Converter. Analog Devices. Rev. C (2019)"},{"key":"1914_CR29","unstructured":"Analog Devices, AD9234: 12-Bit, 1 GSPS\/500 MSPS JESD204B, Dual Analog-to-Digital Converter. Analog Devices. Rev. B (2018)"},{"key":"1914_CR30","unstructured":"Intel, Low Latency Ethernet 10G MAC Intel FPGA IP User Guide. Intel. UG-01144 (2018)"},{"key":"1914_CR31","unstructured":"3GPP TS 38.211, NR: Physical channels and modulation. 3GPP. 3GPP Rel. 15, V15.7.0 (2019)"},{"key":"1914_CR32","unstructured":"Intel, FFT IP Core User Guide. Intel. UG-FFT (2017)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1914_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1109\/78.599949","volume":"45","author":"JJ van de Beek","year":"1997","unstructured":"J.J. van de Beek, M. Sandell, P.O. B\u00f6rjesson, ML estimation of time and frequency offset in OFDM systems. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 45(7), 1800\u20131805 (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/78.599949","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"1914_CR34","unstructured":"Intel, JESD204B Intel FPGA IP User Guide. Intel. UG-01142 (2019)"},{"key":"1914_CR35","unstructured":"Intel, Intel Arria 10 Hard Processor System Technical Reference Manual. Intel. a10\\_5v4 (2019)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1914_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2005.862006","volume":"18","author":"J Yu","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. Yu, Z. Jia, L. Yi, Y. Su, G.-K. Chang, T. Wang, Optical millimeter-wave generation or up-conversion using external modulators. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1), 265\u2013267 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LPT.2005.862006","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"16","key":"1914_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2010.2045341","volume":"28","author":"W-J Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"W.-J. Jiang, C.-T. Lin, A. Ng\u2019oma, P.-T. Shih, J. Chen, M. Sauer, F. Annunziata, S. Chi, Simple 14-Gb\/s short-range radio-over-fiber system employing a single-electrode MZM for 60-GHz wireless applications. J. Lightw. Technol. 28(16), 2238\u20132246 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JLT.2010.2045341","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01914-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01914-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01914-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T17:08:51Z","timestamp":1617901731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01914-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01914-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"43"}}