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With advances in wireless and traffic technologies, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has been introduced as a viable solution for solving these problems by implementing more efficient use of the current infrastructures. In this paper, the possibility of using cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications, LTE-M and NB-IoT, for ITS applications has been investigated. LTE-M and NB-IoT are designed to provide long range, low power and low cost communication infrastructures and can be a promising option which has the potential to be employed immediately in real systems. In this paper, we have proposed an architecture to employ the LPWAN as a backhaul infrastructure for ITS and to understand the feasibility of the proposed model, two applications with low and high delay requirements have been examined: road traffic monitoring and emergency vehicle management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end-to-end latency per user. Simulation of Urban MObility has been used for realistic traffic generation and a Python-based program has been developed for evaluation of the communication system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-021-01918-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T11:01:50Z","timestamp":1617274910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["LPWAN-based hybrid backhaul communication for intelligent transportation systems: architecture and performance evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Taghi","family":"Shahgholi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Sheikhahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keyhan","family":"Khamforoosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sadoon","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1918_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. 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