{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T01:12:42Z","timestamp":1776301962413,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010669","name":"H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) across Europe requires harmonized solutions to support cross-border seamless operation. The possibility of providing CCAM services across European countries has an enormous innovative business potential. However, the seamless provision of connectivity and the uninterrupted delivery of real-time services pose technical challenges which 5G technologies aim to solve.\n The situation is particularly challenging given the multi-country, multi-operator, multi-telco-vendor, multi-car-manufacturer and cross-network-generation scenario of any cross-border scenario. Motivated by this, the 5GCroCo project, with a total budget of 17 million Euro and partially funded by the European Commission, aims at validating 5G technologies in the Metz-Merzig-Luxembourg cross-border 5G corridor considering the borders between France, Germany and Luxembourg. The activities of 5GCroCo are organized around three use cases: (1) Tele-operated Driving, (2) high-definition map generation and distribution for automated vehicles and (3) Anticipated Cooperative Collision Avoidance (ACCA). The results of the project help contribute to a true European transnational CCAM. This paper describes the overall objectives of the project, motivated by the discussed challenges of cross-border operation, the use cases along with their requirements, the technical 5G features that will be validated and provides a description of the planned trials within 5GCroCo together with some initial results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-021-01976-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T19:03:15Z","timestamp":1618599795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["5G connected and automated driving: use cases, technologies and trials in cross-border environments"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Hetzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Muehleisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Kousaridas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sokratis","family":"Barmpounakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schimpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"L\u00f6fhede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Alonso-Zarate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1976_CR1","unstructured":"3GPP. http:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/"},{"key":"1976_CR2","unstructured":"ISO\/TC 204 Intelligent transport systems. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/committee\/54706.html"},{"key":"1976_CR3","unstructured":"ETSI - Automotive Intelligent Transport. https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/technologies\/automotive-intelligent-transport"},{"key":"1976_CR4","unstructured":"5G Automotive Association, 5GAA. http:\/\/5gaa.org\/"},{"key":"1976_CR5","unstructured":"5G-PPP (Private Public Partnership). https:\/\/5G-PPP.eu"},{"key":"1976_CR6","unstructured":"3GPP, TR 38.912 v16.0.0 Study on new radio (NR) access technology (Release 15), 2020"},{"key":"1976_CR7","unstructured":"3GPP, TS 23.214 v16.2.0 Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes (Release 16), 2020"},{"key":"1976_CR8","unstructured":"3GPP, TS 23.285 v16.4.0 Architecture enhancements for V2X services (Release 16), 2020"},{"key":"1976_CR9","unstructured":"3GPP, TS 23.287 v16.5.0 Architecture enhancements for 5G system (5GS) to support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services (Release 16), 2020"},{"key":"1976_CR10","unstructured":"3GPP, TS 23.286 v17.0.0 Application layer support for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services; Functional architecture and information flows (Release 16), 2020"},{"key":"1976_CR11","unstructured":"3GPP, TR 23.786 v16.1.0 Study on architecture enhancements for the evolved packet system (EPS) and the 5G system (5GS) to support advanced V2X services (Release 16), 2019"},{"key":"1976_CR12","unstructured":"ETSI, White Paper No. 24 - MEC deployments in 4G and evolution towards 5G, 2018"},{"key":"1976_CR13","unstructured":"ETSI, GS MEC 010\u20132 V1.1.1 mobile edge computing (MEC); mobile edge management; part 2: application lifecycle, rules and requirements management, 2017"},{"key":"1976_CR14","unstructured":"5G Cross-Border Control (5GCroCo). https:\/\/5gcroco.eu\/"},{"key":"1976_CR15","unstructured":"Phantom Auto, Teleoperation safety solution for autonomous vehicles, 2019. https:\/\/phantom.auto\/"},{"key":"1976_CR16","unstructured":"V. Berggren, A. Vulgarakis, A. Karapantelakis, E. Fersman, K. Wang, L. Makrushin, N. Schrammar, R. Inam, 5G teleoperated vehicles for future public transport, 2017. https:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/en\/blog\/2017\/6\/5g-teleoperated-vehicles-for-future-public-transport"},{"key":"1976_CR17","unstructured":"Huawei, Huawei demonstrates 5G-based remote driving with China Mobile and SAIC motor, Shanghai, China, 2017. https:\/\/www.huawei.com\/en\/press-events\/news\/2017\/6\/5G-based-Remote-Driving"},{"key":"1976_CR18","unstructured":"Levels of Driving Automation, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). https:\/\/www.sae.org\/news\/press-room\/2018\/12\/sae-international-releases-updated-visual-chart-for-its-%E2%80%9Clevels-of-driving-automation%E2%80%9D-standard-for-self-driving-vehicles"},{"key":"1976_CR19","unstructured":"European Commission\u20145G Action Plan. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-single-market\/en\/5g-europe-action-plan"},{"key":"1976_CR20","unstructured":"5GCroCo, D3.2: Intermediate E2E, MEC & Positioning Architecture, 2021. https:\/\/5gcroco.eu\/publications\/deliverables.html"},{"key":"1976_CR21","unstructured":"GSMA, NG.116 v4.0 Generic Network Slice Template, 2020"},{"key":"1976_CR22","unstructured":"5GCroCo, D4.2: First Phase Trial Execution Report and Analysis of 5GCroCo KPIs, 2020. https:\/\/5gcroco.eu\/publications\/deliverables.html"}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01976-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01976-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01976-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T19:11:23Z","timestamp":1618600283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01976-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-021-01976-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The project is partially funded by the European Union, other parts are paid directly by projects partners. One of the main aims of the activities is the generation of open standards for autonomous driving in cross-border scenarios. So, it is given to publish all the main findings in the project to force standardization in this area.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"97"}}