{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T01:05:41Z","timestamp":1773450341824,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the expansion of human production activities, geological disasters caused by slope instability are occurring more frequently. Hence, the research on effective monitoring and forecasting of the geotechnical stability of slopes is of great significance for the prevention and mitigation of slope geological disasters. In this study, a landslide monitoring and early warning system based on 5G Internet of Things (IoT) technology is introduced. The system monitors important indicators such as three-dimensional surface displacement, rainfall, and ground cracks using Global Navigation Satellite System equipment and various IoT sensors deployed on site. The key monitoring data are transmitted and displayed by 5G communication and advanced data visualization technologies. An early warning guideline is established by combining the surface deformation rate\u2013time curve according to a four-level early warning method as well as embedded vector maps such as the topographic and geomorphological remote sensing map of the monitoring area, the geological section map, and the monitoring point distribution map. The system has the functions of accurate acquisition, rapid transmission, automatic search, and comprehensive analysis and is applied to the study of creep slopes of the Lianhe terraces in Youxi County, Fujian Province, with remarkable results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-021-02033-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T05:03:16Z","timestamp":1627448596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["5G IoT-based geohazard monitoring and early warning system and its application"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Zhaohua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linquan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaokun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40677-014-0010-5","volume":"1","author":"F Lavigne","year":"2014","unstructured":"F. Lavigne, P. Wassmer, C. Gomez, T.A. Davies, D.S. Hadoko, T. Yan, The 21 February 2005, catastrophic waste avalanche at Leuwigajah dumpsite, Bandung, Indonesia. Geoenviron. Disasters 1(1), 10 (2014)","journal-title":"Geoenviron. Disasters"},{"key":"2033_CR2","unstructured":"Anu\u00e1rio. Brasileiro de Desastres Naturais, Ministry of National Integration, National Center for Management of Risks and Disasters, Bras\u00edlia, 78 (2012)"},{"key":"2033_CR3","unstructured":"F.M. Guadagno, P. Revellino, G. Grelle, The 1998 Sarnolandslides: conflicting interpretations of a natural event. In:International conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics (2001)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2033_CR4","first-page":"208","volume":"2","author":"NH Jafari","year":"2013","unstructured":"N.H. Jafari, T.D. Stark, S. Merry, The July 10, 2000 Payatas landfill slope failure. Int. J. Geoeng. Case Hist. 2(3), 208\u2013228 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Geoeng. Case Hist."},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0887-3828(2005)19:2(100)","volume":"19","author":"S Merry","year":"2005","unstructured":"S. Merry, E. Kavazanjian Jr., W.U. Fritz, Reconnaissance of the July 10, 2000, Payatas landfill failure. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 19(2), 100\u2013107 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Perform. Constr. Facil."},{"key":"2033_CR6","unstructured":"Y.Y. Li, Mechanisms and kinetic behaviours of landslide and debris flow, in Landslide Symposium (Sichuang Science Press, 1987) (in Chinese)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2033_CR7","first-page":"1767","volume":"32","author":"CX Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"C.X. Wu, L. Xu, F.C. Dai, Topographic features and initiation of earth flows on Heifangtai loess plateau. Rock Soil Mech. 32(6), 1767\u20131773 (2011). ((in Chinese))","journal-title":"Rock Soil Mech."},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-008-0135-2","volume":"6","author":"DX Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"D.X. Zhang, G.H. Wang, C.Y. Luo, J. Chen, Y.X. Zhou, A rapid loess flowslide triggered by irrigation in China. Landslides 6(1), 55\u201360 (2009)","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"issue":"5","key":"2033_CR9","first-page":"1047","volume":"33","author":"X Yao","year":"2014","unstructured":"X. Yao, K. Yu, Y.S. Zhang, L.J. Li, N.J. Zhou, Mechanisms of catastrophic landslide on January 11, 2013, in Zhenxiong county: fluidization initiation and movement liquefaction of high porosity soil. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 33(5), 1047\u20131054 (2014)","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng."},{"key":"2033_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.M. Yuan, C.L. Tang, J.C. Hu, X.W. Xu, Mechanism of the Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by discrete element modeling. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 14(5), 1195\u20131205 (2014)","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-14-1195-2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR11","first-page":"6","volume":"21","author":"YP Yin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Y.P. Yin, C.Z. Liu, H.Q. Chen, Investigation on catastrophic landslide of January 11, 2013 at Zhaojiagou, Zhenxiong county, Yunnan province. J. Eng. Geol. 21(1), 6\u201315 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Eng. Geol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-016-0729-z","volume":"14","author":"YP Yin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y.P. Yin, A.G. Xing, G.H. Wang, Z. Feng, B. Li, Y. Jiang, Experimental and numerical investigations of a catastrophic long-runout landslide in Zhenxiong, Yunnan, southwestern China. Landslides 14(2), 649\u2013659 (2017)","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"2033_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-17-277-2017","volume":"17","author":"Q Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Q. Xu, D.L. Peng, W.L. Li, X.J. Dong, W. Hu, M.G. Tang, F.Z. Liu, The catastrophic landfill flowslide at Hongao dumpsite on 20 December 2015 in Shenzhen. China. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 17, 277\u2013290 (2017)","journal-title":"China. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-016-0764-9","volume":"14","author":"CJ Ouyang","year":"2016","unstructured":"C.J. Ouyang, K.Q. Zhou, Q. Xu, J.H. Yin, D.L. Peng, D.P. Wang, W. Li, Dynamic analysis and numerical modeling of the 2015 catastrophic landslide of the construction waste landfill at Guangming, Shenzhen, China. Landslides 14(2), 705\u2013718 (2016)","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"issue":"6","key":"2033_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11440-018-0672-3","volume":"13","author":"ZH Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Z.H. Li, Y.J. Jiang, Q. Lv, L. Sousa, M.C. He, Consistent modeling of a catastrophic flowslide at the Shenzhen landfill using a hydro-elasto-plastic model with solid-fluid transition. Acta Geotech. 13(6), 1451\u20131466 (2018)","journal-title":"Acta Geotech."},{"key":"2033_CR16","unstructured":"B.R. Xia, Y. Zhang, L.H. Yu, Monitoring and treatment technology of landslide geological disasters in China. Explor. Eng. (Drill. Tunn.) (Supp.), 87\u201390 (2001) (in Chinese)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2033_CR17","first-page":"9","volume":"22","author":"W Hu","year":"2002","unstructured":"W. Hu, S.L. Li, A study on the acoustic emission technology in the analysis of rock slope stability. Min. Res. Dev. 22(3), 9\u201311 (2002). ((in Chinese))","journal-title":"Min. Res. Dev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2033_CR18","first-page":"740","volume":"21","author":"XL Wu","year":"2002","unstructured":"X.L. Wu, Y.Q. Tu, New approach of landslide activity monitoring\u2014probing into TDR technology. Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 21(5), 740\u2013744 (2002). ((in Chinese))","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng."},{"key":"2033_CR19","unstructured":"Wan H.L.; Cai D.S.; He X.J. et al. Experimental research on monitoring deep deformation of high-steep slopes by using optical fiber sensing. J. China Three Gorges Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 23(1), 20\u201323 (2001) (in Chinese)"},{"key":"2033_CR20","first-page":"10","volume":"1","author":"XL Wu","year":"2001","unstructured":"X.L. Wu, Y.Q. Tu, Methods and new development of landslide activity monitoring. China Instrum. 1, 10\u201312 (2001). ((in Chinese))","journal-title":"China Instrum."},{"key":"2033_CR21","unstructured":"C. Zhou, W.J. Chen, G.Q. Tang, Study on rock body thrust monitoring system with OTDR distributing optical fiber. Explor. Eng. (Drill. Tunn.) (1), 43\u201346 (2004) (in Chinese)"},{"key":"2033_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2009.02.014","author":"Z Perski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Z. Perski, H. Ramon, A. Wojcik et al., InSAR analyses of terrain deformation near the Wieliczka Salt Mine. Poland. Eng. Geol. (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enggeo.2009.02.014","journal-title":"Poland. Eng. Geol."},{"key":"2033_CR23","first-page":"92","volume":"4","author":"N Casagli","year":"2016","unstructured":"N. Casagli, F. Cigna, S. Bianchini et al., Landslide mapping and monitoring by using radar and optical remote sensing: examples from the EC-FP7 project SAFER. Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ. 4, 92\u2013108 (2016)","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ."},{"key":"2033_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2016.12.006","volume":"151","author":"F Bovenga","year":"2017","unstructured":"F. Bovenga, G. Pasquariello, R. Pellicani, A. Refice, G. Spilotro, Landslide monitoring for risk mitigation by using corner reflector and satellite SAR interferometry: the large landslide of Carlantino (Italy). CATENA 151, 49\u201362 (2017)","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"2033_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2017.03.019","volume":"222","author":"M Barla","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Barla, F. Antolini, D. Bertolo, P. Thuegaz, D. D\u2019Aria, G. Amoroso, Remote monitoring of the Comba Citrin landslide using discontinuous GBInSAR campaigns. Eng. Geol. 222, 111\u2013123 (2017)","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"2033_CR26","unstructured":"J.D. Wang, Z.Y. Zhang, The Study on Typical High-Speed Loess Landslide in Crowds Using the Systematic Analysis in Engineering Geology (Sichuang Science Press, 1999)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR27","first-page":"501","volume":"28","author":"Q Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Q. Xu, Y.P. Zeng, J.P. Qian, C.J. Wang, C.J. He, Study on a improved tangential angle and the corresponding landslide pre-warning criteria. Geol. Bull. China 28(4), 501\u2013505 (2009)","journal-title":"Geol. Bull. China"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.912595","volume":"57","author":"B Rong","year":"2008","unstructured":"B. Rong, Y. Qian, K. Lu, H. Chen, M. Guizani, Call admission control optimization in WiMAX network. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 57(4), 2509\u20132522 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-021-02033-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-021-02033-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-021-02033-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T05:21:14Z","timestamp":1627449674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-021-02033-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-021-02033-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-432202\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"160"}}