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The nonlinear energy harvesting circuits at the BDs and the residual hardware impairments at the transceivers are considered to better reflect the properties of the practical energy harvesters and transceivers, respectively. To ensure the throughput fairness among BDs, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the minimum throughput of BDs by jointly optimizing the transmit power of the primary transmitter, the backscattering time and reflection coefficient for each BD, subject to the primary user\u2019s quality of service and BDs\u2019 energy-causality constraints. We introduce the variable slack and decoupling methods to transform the formulated non-convex problem, and propose an iterative algorithm based on the block coordinate descent technique to solve the transformed problem. We also investigate a special CBN with a single BD and derive the optimal solution in the closed form to maximize the BD\u2019s throughput. Numerical results validate the quick convergence of the proposed iterative algorithm and that the proposed scheme ensures much fairness than the existing schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-022-02093-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T07:02:35Z","timestamp":1644303755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Throughput fairness in cognitive backscatter networks with residual hardware impairments and a nonlinear EH model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1200-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liqin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guangyue","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2093_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3012466","volume":"1","author":"F Rezaei","year":"2020","unstructured":"F. 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