{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:28:02Z","timestamp":1775863682718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019725","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the context of 6G and 5G communication networks, particularly in disaster-stricken areas with a surging demand for connectivity and the rapid evolution of the internet of everything (IoE), the imperative for augmenting spectrum efficiency in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) communication-enabled wireless networks becomes ever more pronounced. This work embarks on the mission of significantly enhancing spectrum efficiency by capitalizing on redundancies, such as correlations inherent in data sources like co-located video sensors. While the intuitive potential of exploiting redundancies for spectrum efficiency enhancement is apparent, our approach is systematically structured. We introduce a linear programming framework designed to meticulously allocate bandwidth to individual links based on their respective demands, while judiciously adhering to spatial spectrum reuse constraints. Subsequently, we employ this linear program to empirically quantify the improvements in spectrum efficiency engendered by source correlations. Furthermore, we elucidate various strategies for harnessing these correlations to maximize spectrum efficiency gains, while navigating the trade-off terrain between computational complexity and precision. Our findings resoundingly underscore the trans-formative power of identifying the precise set of source correlations, resulting in spectrum efficiency enhancements of up to two orders of magnitude. In terms of network performance, the judicious exploitation of source correlations grants admission to nearly 100% of delay-intolerant traffic, alongside substantial reductions in mean delay for delay-tolerant traffic.\u201d<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-023-02332-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1705528967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Optimizing spectrum efficiency in 6G multi-UAV networks through source correlation exploitation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6534-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alnakhli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2332_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2021.04.025","volume":"35","author":"X Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"X. Jiang, M. Sheng, Z. Nan, X. Chengwen, L. Weidang, W. Xianbin, Green UAV communications for 6g: a survey. Chin. J. Aeronaut. 35(9), 19\u201334 (2022)","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"2332_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.B. Prathiba, G. Raja, S. Anbalagan, R. Narayanan, K.B. Venkata Karthik, Soschain: self optimizing streamchain for last-mile 6g UAV-truck networks, in Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies for Smart Cities with 6G (2021). pp. 19\u201324","DOI":"10.1145\/3477084.3484952"},{"key":"2332_CR3","first-page":"26","volume":"2","author":"R Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"R. Liu, K. Guo, K. An, F. Zhou, Y. Wu, Y. Huang, G. Zheng, Resource allocation for noma-enabled cognitive satellite-UAV-terrestrial networks with imperfect CSI. IEEE Trans. Cognit. Commun. Network. 2, 26 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cognit. Commun. Network."},{"issue":"10","key":"2332_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4775","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104775","volume":"23","author":"N Moraitis","year":"2023","unstructured":"N. Moraitis, K. Psychogios, A.D. Panagopoulos, A survey of path loss prediction and channel models for unmanned aerial systems for system-level simulations. Sensors 23(10), 4775 (2023)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2332_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175758","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957648","volume":"7","author":"T Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"T. Huang, W. Yang, J. Wu, J. Ma, X. Zhang, D. Zhang, A survey on green 6g network: architecture and technologies. IEEE Access 7, 175758\u2013175768 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"2332_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2952892","volume":"107","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y. Zeng, Q. Wu, R. Zhang, Accessing from the sky: a tutorial on uav communications for 5g and beyond. Proc. IEEE 107(12), 2327\u20132375 (2019)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2332_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2935201","volume":"19","author":"J Cui","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. Cui, Y. Liu, A. Nallanathan, Multi-agent reinforcement learning-based resource allocation for uav networks. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 19(2), 729\u2013743 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"2332_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3171135","volume":"24","author":"G Geraci","year":"2022","unstructured":"G. Geraci, A. Garcia-Rodriguez, M.M. Azari, A. Lozano, M. Mezzavilla, S. Chatzinotas, Y. Chen, S. Rangan, M. Di Renzo, What will the future of uav cellular communications be? A flight from 5g to 6g. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 24(3), 1304\u20131335 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"2332_CR9","first-page":"30","volume":"4","author":"K Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"K. Guo, R. Liu, M. Alazab, R.H. Jhaveri, X. Li, M. Zhu, Star-ris-empowered cognitive non-terrestrial vehicle network with noma. IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh. 4, 30 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh."},{"key":"2332_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162115","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951702","volume":"7","author":"H Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"H. Hu, X. Da, Y. Huang, H. Zhang, L. Ni, Y. Pan, Se and ee optimization for cognitive uav network based on location information. IEEE Access 7, 162115\u2013162126 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2332_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6792","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964697","volume":"8","author":"SK Tayyaba","year":"2020","unstructured":"S.K. Tayyaba, H.A. Khattak, A. Almogren, M.A. Shah, I.U. Din, I. Alkhalifa, M. Guizani, 5g vehicular network resource management for improving radio access through machine learning. IEEE Access 8, 6792\u20136800 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2332_CR12","first-page":"45","volume":"30","author":"P Tedeschi","year":"2023","unstructured":"P. Tedeschi, F.A. Al Nuaimi, A.I. Awad, E. Natalizio, Privacy-aware remote identification for unmanned aerial vehicles: current solutions, potential threats, and future directions. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 30, 45 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"key":"2332_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11443","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3138048","volume":"10","author":"MA Jasim","year":"2021","unstructured":"M.A. Jasim, H. Shakhatreh, N. Siasi, A.H. Sawalmeh, A. Aldalbahi, A. Al-Fuqaha, A survey on spectrum management for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVS). IEEE Access 10, 11443\u201311499 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2332_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Shamsoshoara, M. Khaledi, F. Afghah, A. Razi, J. Ashdown, K. Turck, A solution for dynamic spectrum management in mission-critical uav networks. in 2019 16th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON) (IEEE, 2019), pp. 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2019.8824917"},{"key":"2332_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91980","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2927809","volume":"7","author":"Q Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Q. Hu, C. Wu, Y. Wu, N. Xiong, Uav image high fidelity compression algorithm based on generative adversarial networks under complex disaster conditions. IEEE Access 7, 91980\u201391991 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"2332_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051947","volume":"22","author":"M Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Peng, W. Meng, Cooperative obstacle avoidance for multiple uavs using spline vo method. Sensors 22(5), 1947 (2022)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2332_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2015.10.026","volume":"94","author":"P Kolios","year":"2016","unstructured":"P. Kolios, K. Papadaki, V. Friderikos, Energy efficient mobile video streaming using mobility. Comput. Netw. 94, 189\u2013204 (2016)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"2332_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01677-6","volume-title":"Block Transceivers: OFDM and Beyond","author":"PS Diniz","year":"2012","unstructured":"P.S. Diniz, W.A. Martins, M.V. Lima, Block Transceivers: OFDM and Beyond (Morgan & Claypool Publishers, New York, 2012)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2332_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2017.2689015","volume":"3","author":"M Alnakhli","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Alnakhli, S. Anand, R. Chandramouli, Joint spectrum and energy efficiency in device to device communication enabled wireless networks. IEEE Trans. Cognit. Commun. Network. 3(2), 217\u2013225 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cognit. Commun. Network."},{"key":"2332_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Fu, J. Pan, X. Gao, B. Li, J. Chen, K. Zhang, Task allocation method for multi-uav teams with limited communication bandwidth. in 2018 15th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV) (IEEE, 2018), pp. 1874\u20131878","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARCV.2018.8581161"},{"issue":"2","key":"2332_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2020.2980020","volume":"15","author":"B Shang","year":"2020","unstructured":"B. Shang, V. Marojevic, Y. Yi, A.S. Abdalla, L. Liu, Spectrum sharing for UAV communications: spatial spectrum sensing and open issues. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 15(2), 104\u2013112 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag."},{"key":"2332_CR22","volume-title":"A First Course in Probability","author":"S Ross","year":"2002","unstructured":"S. Ross, A First Course in Probability (Pearson Inc., New Jersey, 2002)"},{"key":"2332_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Luo, X. Wang, A high-efficiency collaborative spectrum sensing with gated recurrent unit for multi-uav network. in 2021 31st International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC) (IEEE, 2021), pp. 180\u2013187","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNAC53136.2021.9652157"},{"issue":"5","key":"2332_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000076","volume":"34","author":"Q Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Q. Wu, F. Shen, Z. Wang, G. Ding, 3d spectrum mapping based on roi-driven UAV deployment. IEEE Netw. 34(5), 24\u201331 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"2332_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.L. Imoize, H.I. Obakhena, F.I. Anyasi, M.A. Adelabu, K. Kavitha, N. Faruk, Spectral efficiency bounds of cell-free massive mimo assisted uav cellular communication. in 2022 IEEE Nigeria 4th International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON) (IEEE, 2022), pp. 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/NIGERCON54645.2022.9803157"},{"key":"2332_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"H. Zhang, X. Da, H. Hu, L. Ni, Y. Pan, Spectrum efficiency optimization for uav-based cognitive radio network. Math. Probl. Eng. 2020, 1\u201311 (2020)","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"2332_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44002","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2862424","volume":"6","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"X. Liu, M. Guan, X. Zhang, H. Ding, Spectrum sensing optimization in an uav-based cognitive radio. IEEE Access 6, 44002\u201344009 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2332_CR28","first-page":"24","volume":"8","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"J. Wang, X. Zhang, X. He, Y. Sun, Bandwidth allocation and trajectory control in UAV-assisted IOV edge computing using multiagent reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 8, 24 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Reliab."},{"issue":"15","key":"2332_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153394","volume":"19","author":"C He","year":"2019","unstructured":"C. He, Z. Xie, C. Tian, A qoe-oriented uplink allocation for multi-uav video streaming. Sensors 19(15), 3394 (2019)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2332_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012122","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2224\/1\/012122","volume":"2224","author":"E Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"E. Wu, Joint optimization of resource allocation and UAVS\u2019 trajectories in multi-UAV-aided mec systems. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2224, 012122 (2022)","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"2332_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Wang, Y. He, M. Dong, Resource allocation in vehicular networks with multi-uav served edge computing. in 2021 IEEE 29th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP) (IEEE, 2021). pp. 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP52444.2021.9651916"},{"key":"2332_CR32","volume-title":"Linear and Nonlinear Programming","author":"DG Luenberger","year":"1984","unstructured":"D.G. Luenberger, Y. Ye et al., Linear and Nonlinear Programming (Springer, New York, 1984)"},{"key":"2332_CR33","volume-title":"John E. Freund\u2019s Mathematical Statistics with Applications","author":"I Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"I. Miller, M. Miller, John E. Freund\u2019s Mathematical Statistics with Applications (Prentice Hall, Essex, 2012)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2332_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2532458","volume":"18","author":"M Agiwal","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. Agiwal, A. Roy, N. Saxena, Next generation 5g wireless networks: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 18(3), 1617\u20131655 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"2332_CR35","volume-title":"Queuing Systems, Volume 1: Theory","author":"L Kleinrock","year":"1975","unstructured":"L. Kleinrock, Queuing Systems, Volume 1: Theory (Wiley, New York, 1975)"}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-023-02332-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-023-02332-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-023-02332-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T02:02:04Z","timestamp":1705802524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-023-02332-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-023-02332-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3103774\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6"}}