{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T17:01:45Z","timestamp":1775667705395,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-024-02405-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T20:19:54Z","timestamp":1726431594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A SAR analysis of hexagonal-shaped UWB antenna for healthcare applications"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9013-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kailash V.","family":"Karad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vaibhav S.","family":"Hendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaswantsing L.","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Kadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vaibhav E.","family":"Narawade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Bakale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gayatri D.","family":"Londhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2405_CR1","first-page":"116","volume":"54","author":"MJ Ammann","year":"2012","unstructured":"M.J. Ammann, A. Alomainy, Antennas and propagation for body-centric wireless communications. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 54(5), 116\u2013122 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"2405_CR2","unstructured":"Revision of Part 15 of the commission\u2019s rules regarding ultra wideband transmission systems. First Report and Order. Federal Communications Commission, 2002."},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR3","first-page":"92","volume":"10","author":"R Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"R. Li, M.M. Tentzeris, Wearable antennas for body area networks. IEEE Microw. Mag. 10(1), 92\u201399 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Mag."},{"issue":"10","key":"2405_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11100888","volume":"11","author":"SM Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"S.M. Ali, C. Sovuthy, M.A. Imran, S. Socheatra, Q.H. Abbasi, Z.Z. Abidin, Recent advances of wearable antennas in materials, fabrication methods, designs, and their applications: state-of-the-art. Micromach. (Basel) 11(10), 888 (2020)","journal-title":"Micromach. (Basel)"},{"key":"2405_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56694","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2909146","volume":"7","author":"KN Paracha","year":"2019","unstructured":"K.N. Paracha, S.K. Abdul Rahim, P.J. Soh, M. Khalily, Wearable antennas: a review of materials, structures, and innovative features for autonomous communication and sensing. IEEE Access 7, 56694\u201356712 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"2405_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2018.2810317","volume":"13","author":"H Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"H. Sun, Z. Zhang, R.Q. Hu, Y. Qian, Wearable communications in 5G: challenges and enabling technologies. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 13(3), 100\u2013109 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag."},{"key":"2405_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz), Health Physics, 118(5), 483\u2013524 (2020)","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210"},{"issue":"4","key":"2405_CR8","first-page":"1332","volume":"55","author":"A Alomainy","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Alomainy, Y. Hao, Modeling and characterization of textile antennas for wearable applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55(4), 1332\u20131340 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"2405_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERB20071803","volume":"89","author":"SN Mahmood","year":"2020","unstructured":"S.N. Mahmood, A.J. Ishak, T. Saeidi, H. Alsariera, S. Alani, A. Ismail, A.C. Soh, Recent advances in wearable antenna technologies: a review. Progress Electromagn. Res. B 89, 1\u201327 (2020)","journal-title":"Progress Electromagn. Res. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"2405_CR10","first-page":"3183","volume":"53","author":"P Salonen","year":"2004","unstructured":"P. Salonen, H. Hurme, Y. Rahmat-Samii, Textile antennas: effects of antenna bending on input matching and bandwidth. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 53(4), 3183\u20133189 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"2405_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. V. Karad and V. S. Hendre, Review of antenna array for 5G technology using mmWave massive MIMO. In: 2022\u00a0International Conference on VLSI, Communication and Signal processing, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, pp. 775\u2013787.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-2761-3_68"},{"issue":"709\u2013723","key":"2405_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.55248\/gengpi.5.0724.1706","volume":"5","author":"JM Bangeles","year":"2024","unstructured":"J.M. Bangeles, E.M. Tapawan, D.E. Arboleda, Wearable antennas in medical applications: a comprehensive review of design, performance, safety, and clinical applications. Int. J. Res. Publ. Rev. 5(709\u2013723), 2020 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55248\/gengpi.5.0724.1706","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Publ. Rev."},{"key":"2405_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3012341","volume":"1","author":"L Corchia","year":"2017","unstructured":"L. Corchia, G. Monti, E. De Benedetto, L. Tarricone, Wearable antennas for remote health care monitoring systems. Int. J. Antennas Propag. 1, 1\u201311 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"2405_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"AM Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"A.M. Ali, M.A. Ghamdi, M.M. Iqbal, Next-generation UWB antennas gadgets for human health care using SAR. EURASIP J. Wirel. Com. Netw. 33, 1\u201320 (2021)","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Com. Netw."},{"key":"2405_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5855626","volume":"2021","author":"S Parameswari","year":"2021","unstructured":"S. Parameswari, C. Chitra, Textile UWB antenna with metamaterial for healthcare monitoring. Int. J. Antennas Propag. 2021, 1\u201311 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"2405_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERM17022603","volume":"56","author":"KVTR Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"K.V.T.R. Rao, Estimation of specific absorption rate using infrared thermography for the biocompatibility of wearable wireless devices. Progress Electromagn. Res. M 56, 101\u2013109 (2017)","journal-title":"Progress Electromagn. Res. M"},{"key":"2405_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7362431","volume":"2017","author":"S Doddipalli","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. Doddipalli, A. Kothari, P. Peshwe, A low profile ultrawide band monopole antenna for wearable applications. Int. J. Antennas Propag. 2017, 1\u20139 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"3","key":"2405_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.21211","volume":"28","author":"SJ Priyadarshini","year":"2018","unstructured":"S.J. Priyadarshini, D. Hemanth, Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: a survey. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng. 28(3), 1\u201315 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Aided Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"2405_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21960","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.21960","volume":"29","author":"JP Stephen","year":"2019","unstructured":"J.P. Stephen, D.J. Hemanth, An investigation on specific absorption rate reduction materials with human tissue cube for biomedical applications. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng. 29(12), e21960 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. RF Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng."},{"key":"2405_CR20","unstructured":"\u201cWhat is SAR?,\u201d\u00a0Everythingrf.com, 21-Feb-2019. [Online] Available: https:\/\/www.everythingrf.com\/community\/what-is-sar"},{"key":"2405_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1109\/34.192463","volume":"11","author":"SG Mallat","year":"1989","unstructured":"S.G. Mallat, A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 11, 674\u2013693 (1989)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2405_CR22","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Engineering mathematics II. Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics","author":"E Guariglia","year":"2016","unstructured":"E. Guariglia, S. Silvestrov, Fractional-wavelet analysis of positive definite distributions and wavelets on\u00a0D\u2032D\u2032(C), in Engineering mathematics II. Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics, vol. 179, ed. by S. Silvestrov, M. Ran\u010di\u0107 (Springer, Cham, 2016), pp.96\u201385"},{"key":"2405_CR23","unstructured":"S. Amat, J. Mu\u00f1oz, Multiresolution time domain using wavelets for the Maxwell\u2019s equations: A nonlinear approach. III Encuentro Ib\u00e9ico de Electromagnetismo Computacional, Sedano, Diciembre 2003"},{"key":"2405_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2007.902045","volume":"6","author":"KC Hwang","year":"2007","unstructured":"K.C. Hwang, A modified Sierpinski fractal antenna for multiband application. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 6, 357\u2013360 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LAWP.2007.902045","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"2405_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3390\/e20090714","volume":"20","author":"E Guariglia","year":"2018","unstructured":"E. Guariglia, Harmonic Sierpinski gasket and applications. Entropy 20(9), 714 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e20090714","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"1743","key":"2405_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1980.0044","volume":"370","author":"MV Berry","year":"1980","unstructured":"M.V. Berry, Z.V. Lewis, On the weierstrass-mandelbrot fractal function. Proc. Royal Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 370(1743), 459\u2013484 (1980). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspa.1980.0044","journal-title":"Proc. Royal Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2405_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/e18030084","volume":"18","author":"E Guariglia","year":"2016","unstructured":"E. Guariglia, Entropy and fractal antennas. Entropy (Basel) 18(3), 84 (2016)","journal-title":"Entropy (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2405_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3390\/e21030304","volume":"21","author":"E Guariglia","year":"2019","unstructured":"E. Guariglia, Primality, fractality and image analysis. Entropy 21(3), 304 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e21030304","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"2405_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.24087","volume":"51","author":"KP Ray","year":"2009","unstructured":"K.P. Ray, M.D. Pandey, Resonance frequency of hexagonal and half hexagonal microstrip antennas. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 51, 448\u2013452 (2009)","journal-title":"Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2405_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. V. Karad and V. S. Hendre, Design and simulation of 28 GHz antenna for 5G mmWave communication. in: ICCCE 2021. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 828 ed. by Kumar, A., Mozar, S. (2022) pp. 885\u2013890","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-7985-8_94"},{"issue":"6","key":"2405_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1109\/tap.2018.2820733","volume":"66","author":"M Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Wang et al., Investigation of SAR reduction using flexible antenna with metamaterial structure in wireless body area network. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(6), 3076\u20133086 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tap.2018.2820733","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.5370\/JEET.2017.12.1.317","volume":"2","author":"U Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"U. Ali, Design and SAR analysis of wearable antenna on various parts of human body using conventional and artificial ground planes. J. Electr. Eng. Technol 2(1), 317\u2013328 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng. Technol"},{"key":"2405_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERB22101109","volume":"97","author":"D Mamta","year":"2022","unstructured":"D. Mamta, A. Sharma, S. Yadav, R. Singhal, Performance investigation of flexible UWB antenna near human body for wearable appliances. Progress Electromagn. Res. B 97, 131\u2013147 (2022)","journal-title":"Progress Electromagn. Res. B"},{"key":"2405_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER11041208","volume":"117","author":"J Abd Rahim","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. Abd Rahim, M.K. Samsuri, H.A.M. Salim, M.F. Ali, Embroidered fully textile wearable antenna for medical monitoring applications. Progress Electromagn. Res. 117, 321\u2013337 (2011)","journal-title":"Progress Electromagn. Res."},{"key":"2405_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. M. Rayner and W. G. Whittow, Specific absorption rate and efficiency of a wideband wearable monopole antenna near the human body. in: Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC 2017), (2017) pp. 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2017.0234"},{"key":"2405_CR36","unstructured":"\u201cDielectric Properties of Body Tissues: HTML clients,\u201d Cnr.it. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/niremf.ifac.cnr.it\/tissprop\/htmlclie\/htmlclie.php."},{"key":"2405_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13099\/VIP21000-04-1","volume":"4","author":"PA Hasgall","year":"2022","unstructured":"P.A. Hasgall et al., IT\u2019IS Database for thermal and electromagnetic parameters of biological tissues. Version 4.0 4, 1 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13099\/VIP21000-04-1","journal-title":"Version 4.0"},{"key":"2405_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERC22061201","volume":"123","author":"KV Karad","year":"2022","unstructured":"K.V. Karad, V.S. Hendre, A foam-based compact flexible wideband antenna for healthcare applications. Progress Electromagn. Res. C 123, 197\u2013212 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2528\/PIERC22061201","journal-title":"Progress Electromagn. Res. C"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-023-02239-2","volume":"2023","author":"KV Karad","year":"2023","unstructured":"K.V. Karad, V.S. Hendre, A flower bud-shaped flexible UWB antenna for healthcare applications. EURASIP J. Wirel. Com. Netw. 2023(1), 27 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-023-02239-2","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Com. Netw."},{"key":"2405_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. V. Karad and V. S. Hendre, A hexagonal shape fractal flexible UWB antenna based on jeans material for healthcare applications.\u00a0The Journal of The Textile Institute, 1\u201316(2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00405000.2024.2372954","DOI":"10.1080\/00405000.2024.2372954"},{"key":"2405_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERB23100602","volume":"105","author":"A Maria","year":"2024","unstructured":"A. Maria, P. Mythili, Compact UWB wearable textile antenna for on-body WBAN applications. Progress Electromagn. Res. B 105, 43\u201357 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2528\/PIERB23100602","journal-title":"Progress Electromagn. Res. B"},{"key":"2405_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERM17092107","volume":"62","author":"BN Reddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"B.N. Reddy, P.S. Kumar, T.R. Rao, N. Tiwari, M. Balachary, Design and analysis of wideband monopole antennas for flexible\/wearable wireless device applications. Progress Electromagn. Res. M 62, 167\u2013174 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2528\/PIERM17092107","journal-title":"Progress Electromagn. Res. M"}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-024-02405-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-024-02405-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-024-02405-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T20:20:57Z","timestamp":1726431657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-024-02405-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-024-02405-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"72"}}