{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:11:34Z","timestamp":1774278694313,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1I1A3047031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A3047031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-025-02457-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T06:09:51Z","timestamp":1745561391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental demonstration of LED-to-LED visible light communication between a traffic light and a vehicle headlamp"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Se-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1497-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Man","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.52.10.106101","volume":"52","author":"SM Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"S.M. Kim, S.M. Kim, Wireless visible light communication technology using optical beamforming. Opt. Eng. 52(10), 106101 (2013)","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"2457_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2417576","volume":"17","author":"D Karunatilaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"D. Karunatilaka, F. Zafar, V. Kalavally, R. Parthiban, LED based indoor visible light communications: State of the art. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 17(3), 1649\u20131678 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"issue":"12","key":"2457_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/col201412.120601","volume":"12","author":"SM Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"S.M. Kim, H.J. Lee, Visible light communication based on space-division multiple access optical beamforming. Chin. Opt. Lett. 12(12), 120601 (2014)","journal-title":"Chin. Opt. Lett."},{"key":"2457_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Uysal, H. Nouri, Optical wireless communications \u2014 An emerging technology, in 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pp. 1\u20135, (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2014.6876267"},{"issue":"4","key":"2457_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8040433","volume":"8","author":"R Martinek","year":"2019","unstructured":"R. Martinek, L. Danys, R. Jaros, Visible light communication system based on software defined radio: performance study of intelligent transportation and indoor applications. Electronics 8(4), 433 (2019)","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2457_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Luo, M. Zhang, X. Zhang, G. Cai, D. Han and Q. Li, An indoor visible light communication positioning system using dual-tone multi-frequency technique, In: 2nd International Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW), pp. 21\u201321, (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/IWOW.2013.6777770"},{"key":"2457_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.N. Datta, A Roy, P. Chakraborty, S. Saha, Channel modelling of VVLC system, in 14th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS), pp. 4\u20138, (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/COMSNETS53615.2022.9668398"},{"issue":"9","key":"2457_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7090165","volume":"7","author":"RAM Ciro","year":"2018","unstructured":"R.A.M. Ciro, F.E.L. Giraldo, A.F.B. Perez, M.L. Rivera, Characterization of light-to-frequency converter for visible light communication systems. Electronics 7(9), 165 (2018)","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2457_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Schmid, G. Corbellini, S. Mangold and T. R. Gross, LED-to-LED visible light communication networks, In: Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, 1\u201310 (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2491288.2491293"},{"key":"2457_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Giustiniano, N.O. Tippenhauer, S. Mangold, Low-complexity Visible Light Networking with LED-to-LED communication, in IFIP Wireless Days, pp. 21\u201323, (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/WD.2012.6402861"},{"key":"2457_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Schmid, G. Corbellini, S. Mangold and T. R. Gross, An LED-to-LED Visible Light Communication system with software-based synchronization, In: IEEE Globecom Workshops, Anaheim, pp. 3\u20137, (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2012.6477763"},{"issue":"14","key":"2457_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4921","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144921","volume":"21","author":"H Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"H. Jung, S. Kim, Experimental demonstration of 3 \u00d7 3 MIMO LED-to-LED communication using RGB colors. Sensors 21(14), 4921 (2021)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2457_CR13","first-page":"79","volume":"53","author":"SW Jo","year":"2016","unstructured":"S.W. Jo, H. Oh, Y.J. Lee, T.D. Le, B. An, LED-to-LED two way visible light communication system. J. Inst. Electron. Inform. Eng. 53(1), 79\u201385 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Inst. Electron. Inform. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"2457_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9101713","volume":"9","author":"H Jung","year":"2020","unstructured":"H. Jung, S.M. Kim, A full-duplex LED-to-LED visible light communication system. Electronics 9(10), 1713 (2020)","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2457_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.2921","volume":"29","author":"SM Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"S.M. Kim, H. Less, Half-duplex visible light communication using an LED as both a transmitter and a receiver. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 29(12), 1889\u20131895 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"2457_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86191","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3198954","volume":"10","author":"E G\u00fcney","year":"2022","unstructured":"E. G\u00fcney, C. Bayilmi\u015f, B. \u00c7akan, An implementation of real-time traffic signs and road objects detection based on mobile GPU platforms. IEEE Access 10, 86191\u201386203 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"12","key":"2457_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9457","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2591558","volume":"65","author":"K Abboud","year":"2016","unstructured":"K. Abboud, H.A. Omar, W. Zhuang, Interworking of DSRC and cellular network technologies for V2X communications: A survey. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 65(12), 9457\u20139470 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2457_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3142991","volume":"71","author":"HB Eldeeb","year":"2022","unstructured":"H.B. Eldeeb, M. Elamassie, S.M. Sait, M. Uysal, Infrastructure-to-vehicle visible light communications: channel modelling and performance analysis. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 71(3), 2240\u20132250 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"2457_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129436","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3333046","volume":"11","author":"S Refas","year":"2023","unstructured":"S. Refas et al., Performance analysis of bidirectional multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle visible light communication. IEEE Access 11, 129436\u2013129448 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2457_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K Cui, G Chen, Z Xu, RD Roberts, Experimental characterization of traffic light to vehicle VLC link performance, In: IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 5\u20139, (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2011.6162566"},{"key":"2457_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s12239-016-0035-8","volume":"17","author":"J-H Yoo","year":"2016","unstructured":"J.-H. Yoo, J.-S. Jang, J.K. Kwon, H.-C. Kim, D.-W. Song, S.-Y. Jung, Demonstration of vehicular visible light communication based on led headlamp. Int. J. Automot. Technol. 17, 347\u2013352 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Automot. Technol."},{"key":"2457_CR22","volume":"43","author":"M Plattner","year":"2023","unstructured":"M. Plattner, G. Ostermayer, A camera-based vehicular visible light communication system using modulated taillights in public road scenarios. Veh. Commun. 43, 100651 (2023)","journal-title":"Veh. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2457_CR23","first-page":"482","volume":"8","author":"C Medina","year":"2015","unstructured":"C. Medina, M. Zambrano, K. Navarro, Led based visible light communication: technology applications and challenges - a survey. Int. J. Adv. Eng. Technol. 8(4), 482\u2013495 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"2457_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s12239-016-0035-8","volume":"17","author":"JH Yoo","year":"2016","unstructured":"J.H. Yoo, J.S. Jang, J.K. Kwon et al., Demonstration of vehicular visible light communication based on LED headlamp. Int. J. Automot. Technol. 17, 347\u2013352 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Automot. Technol."},{"key":"2457_CR25","first-page":"24","volume":"9662","author":"M Kowalczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Kowalczyk, J. Siuzdak, Influence of reverse bias on the LEDs properties used as photodetectors in VLC systems. Photon. Appl. Astron. Commun. Ind. High-Energy Phys. Exper. 9662, 24\u201331 (2015)","journal-title":"Photon. Appl. Astron. Commun. Ind. High-Energy Phys. Exper."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-025-02457-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13638-025-02457-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13638-025-02457-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T06:09:56Z","timestamp":1745561396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13638-025-02457-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-025-02457-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28"}}