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However, these promising features have critical gaps that need to be filled before they can be fully implemented for mobile applications in complex environments like smart cities. Even though the sub-6 GHz bands can provide reliable and larger coverage, they cannot provide high data rates with low latencies due to a scarcity of spectrum available in these bands. On the other hand, the extremely limited transmission range of high bandwidth millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies leads to poor reliability, especially for mobility scenarios. 5G networks using mmWave-based ultra-dense networks (UDN) deployments face challenges in terms of frequent handovers, increasing complexity and cost of deployment, etc. To address the challenges in high density base station deployments, we study and evaluate novel deployment strategies using multi-connectivity and compare their performance with UDN. In this work, we propose and evaluate 5G deployments with multi-connectivity, which can be used to ensure that these 5G networks are able to meet the demanding requirements of future services with efficient resource management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-025-02488-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T19:02:47Z","timestamp":1752606167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficient resource management using 5G multi-connectivity for high throughput and reliable low latency communication"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4561-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snigdhaswin","family":"Kar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabodh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuang-Ching","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153270","volume":"124","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"L. 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