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Currently, he is with School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China. His research interests include digital forensics, data hiding, image processing, and pattern recognition.Chuan Qin received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering and the M.S. degree in signal and information processing from Hefei University of Technology, Anhui, China, in 2002 and 2005, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in signal and information processing from Shanghai University, Shanghai, China, in 2008. Since 2008, he has been with the faculty of the School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, where he is currently an Associate Professor. He was with Feng Chia University at Taiwan as a Postdoctoral Researcher and Adjunct Assistant Professor from July 2010 to July 2012. His research interests include image processing and multimedia security. He has published more than 90 papers in these research areas.Zhenjun Tang received the B. S. and M. Eng. degrees from Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P.R. China, in 2003 and 2006, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China, in 2010. He is now a Professor with the Department of Computer Science, Guangxi Normal University. His research interests include image processing and multimedia security. He has contributed more than 50 international journal papers. He holds six China patents. He is a senior member of China Computer Federation (CCF) and also a reviewer of more than 20 SCI journals, such as IEEE journals, IET journals, Elsevier journals, Springer journals, and Taylor & Francis journals.Xinpeng Zhang received the B.S. degree in computational mathematics from Jilin University, China, in 1995 and the M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in communication and information system from Shanghai University, China, in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Since 2004, he has been with the faculty of the School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, where he is currently a Professor. He was with the State University of New York at Binghamton as a visiting scholar from January 2010 to January 2011 and with University of Konstanz as an experienced researcher sponsored by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation from May 2011 to August 2012. His research interests include multimedia security, image processing, and digital forensics.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 information"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"41"}}