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Specifically, due to the limitation of depth of field in imaging device, images cannot focus on all objects and miss partial details. To deal with this problem, an effective multi-focus image fusion method is proposed in this paper. We interpret the production of the focus map as a two-class classification task and solve this problem by using a method based on the cascade-forest model. Firstly, we extract the specific features from overlapping patches to represent the clarity level of source images. To obtain the focus map, feature vectors are fed into the pre-trained cascade-forest model. Then, we utilize consistency check to acquire the initial decision map. Afterward, guided image filtering is used for edge-reservation to refine the decision map. Finally, the result is obtained through pixel-wise weighted average strategy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves outstanding visual performance and excellent objective indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-020-0494-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T17:03:17Z","timestamp":1581354197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A novel multi-focus image fusion method for improving imaging systems by using cascade-forest model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Awais","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gwanggil","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"494_CR1","unstructured":"K. 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