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Neither these neural-network nor more traditional methods, though, have been tested directly regarding performance differences due to camera-lens focal length nor camera viewing angle of subjects systematically across the viewing hemisphere. This work uses photo-realistic, synthesized facial images with varying parameters and corresponding ground-truth landmarks to enable comparison of alignment and landmark detection techniques relative to general performance, performance across focal length, and performance across viewing angle. Recently published high-performing methods along with traditional techniques are compared in regards to these aspects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-021-00549-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T14:03:35Z","timestamp":1617026615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating effects of focal length and viewing angle in a comparison of recent face landmark and alignment methods"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7115-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khoa","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"549_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-018-1097-z","volume":"127","author":"Y. 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