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To encode such kind of videos with ultra-high resolution, an efficient and real-time video encoder becomes a key requirement. The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard has good coding performance. However, it has pretty high computational complexity which increasing the application cost of 360-degree videos. Among them, the decision of the quadtree with nested multi-type tree (QTMT) partitioning structure is one of the time-consuming procedures. In this paper, based on the characteristics of 360-degree video with Equirectangular projection (ERP) format, the empirical variogram combined with Mahalanobis distance is introduced to measure the difference between the horizontal and vertical directions of the CU, and a fast partition algorithm is proposed. The experimental results show that the algorithm saves 32.13% of the coding time with only an increase of 0.66% in BDBR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-023-00605-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T04:01:50Z","timestamp":1684728110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An early CU partition mode decision algorithm in VVC based on variogram for virtual reality 360 degree videos"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"605_CR1","unstructured":"J. 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