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Publish-subscribe systems enable IoT devices to communicate with the cloud platform. However, IoT applications need context-aware messages to translate the data into contextual information, allowing the applications to act cognitively. Besides, end-to-end security of publish-subscribe messages on both ends (devices and cloud) is essential. However, achieving security on constrained IoT devices with memory, payload, and energy restrictions is a challenge.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Messages in IoT need to achieve both energy efficiency and secure delivery. Thus, the main contribution of this paper refers to a performance evaluation of a message structure that standardizes the publish-subscribe topic and payload used by the cloud platform and the IoT devices. We also propose a standardization for the topic and payload for publish-subscribe systems.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The messages promote energy efficiency, enabling ultra-low-power and high-capacity devices and reducing the bytes transmitted in the IoT domain. The performance evaluation demonstrates that publish-subscribe systems (namely, AMQP, DDS, and MQTT) can use our proposed energy-efficient message structure on IoT. Additionally, the message system provides end-to-end confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity between IoT devices and the cloud platform.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-022-00278-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T13:03:13Z","timestamp":1643634193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Performance evaluation of publish-subscribe systems in IoT using energy-efficient and context-aware secure messages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4239-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norisvaldo","family":"Ferraz Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson A.A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilson E.","family":"Guelfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio T.","family":"Kofuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"278_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-021-00243-9","volume":"10","author":"J Almutairi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almutairi J, Aldossary M (2021) A novel approach for IoT tasks offloading in edge-cloud environments. 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