{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:52:57Z","timestamp":1772830377167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Putra Grant, University Putra Malaysia","award":["9596000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9596000"]}]},{"name":"Putra Grant, University Putra Malaysia","award":["9596000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9596000"]}]},{"name":"Putra Grant, University Putra Malaysia","award":["9596000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9596000"]}]},{"name":"Putra Grant, University Putra Malaysia","award":["9596000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9596000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cloud Comp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The applications of the Internet of Things in different areas and the resources that demand these applications are on the increase. However, the limitations of the IoT devices such as processing capability, storage, and energy are challenging. Computational offloading is introduced to ameliorate the limitations of mobile devices. Offloading heavy data size to a remote node introduces the problem of additional delay due to transmission. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed Dynamic tasks scheduling algorithm based on attribute reduction with an enhanced hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for optimal device selection. The proposed method uses a rank accuracy estimation model to decide the rank-1 value to be applied for the decomposition. Then canonical Polyadic decomposition-based attribute reduction is applied to the offload-able task to reduce the data size. Enhance hybrid genetic algorithm and particle Swarm optimization are developed to select the optimal device in either fog or cloud. The proposed algorithm improved the response time, delay, number of offloaded tasks, throughput, and energy consumption of the IoT requests. The simulation is implemented with iFogSim and java programming language. The proposed method can be applied in smart cities, monitoring, health delivery, augmented reality, and gaming among others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-022-00288-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T23:02:20Z","timestamp":1654297340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Attribute reduction based scheduling algorithm with enhanced hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization for optimal device selection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nweso Emmanuel","family":"Nwogbaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohaya","family":"Latip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilly Suriani","family":"Affendey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Rizaan Abdul","family":"Rahiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"288_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111223","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2999468","volume":"8","author":"EM Abou-Nassar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abou-Nassar EM, Iliyasu AM, El-Kafrawy PM, Song OY, Bashir AK, El-Latif AAA (2020) DITrust chain: towards Blockchain-based trust models for sustainable healthcare IoT systems. IEEE Access 8:111223\u2013111238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2999468","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"288_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.2969863","volume":"17","author":"AAA El-Latif","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Latif AAA, Abd-El-Atty B, Mazurczyk W, Fung C, Venegas-Andraca SE (2020) Secure data encryption based on quantum walks for 5G internet of things scenario. IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag 17(1):118\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2020.2969863","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"288_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.01.1900525","volume":"27","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Peng J, Kang J, Iliyasu AM, Niyato D, El-Latif AAA (2020) A secure federated learning framework for 5G networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 27(4):24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWC.01.1900525","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"288_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-021-02554-w","volume":"27","author":"IA Elgendy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elgendy IA, Zhang WZ, He H, Gupta BB, Abd El-Latif AA (2021) Joint computation offloading and task caching for multi-user and multi-task MEC systems: reinforcement learning-based algorithms. Wirel Netw 27(3):2023\u20132038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11276-021-02554-w","journal-title":"Wirel Netw"},{"key":"288_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Farahbakhsh F, Shahidinejad A, Ghobaei-Arani M (2021a) Context-aware computation offloading for mobile edge computing. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 0123456789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03030-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03030-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"288_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4127","volume":"32","author":"F Farahbakhsh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farahbakhsh F, Shahidinejad A, Ghobaei-Arani M (2021b) Multiuser context-aware computation offloading in mobile edge computing based on Bayesian learning automata. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol 32(1):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ett.4127","journal-title":"Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol"},{"key":"288_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shakarami A, Shahidinejad A, Ghobaei-Arani M (2021) An autonomous computation offloading strategy in Mobile edge computing: a deep learning-based hybrid approach. J Netw Comput Appl 178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnca.2021.102974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2021.102974"},{"key":"288_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85350","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3088124","volume":"9","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Gui L, Zhu S, Lang X (2021) Task offloading and resource scheduling in hybrid edge-cloud networks. IEEE Access 9:85350\u201385366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3088124","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"288_CR9","first-page":"3955","volume":"3","author":"NE Nwogbaga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nwogbaga NE, Emewu BM, Ogbaga IN (2016) Critical analysis of cloud computing and its advantages over other computing techniques. J Multidiscip Eng Sci Technol 3(2):3955\u20133960","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Eng Sci Technol"},{"issue":"16","key":"288_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/app10165515","volume":"10","author":"A Alshahrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alshahrani A, Elgendy IA, Muthanna A, Alghamdi AM, Alshamrani A (2020) Efficient multi-player computation offloading for VR edge-cloud computing systems. Appl Sci 10(16):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10165515","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"288_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/app10010203","volume":"10","author":"LNT Huynh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huynh LNT, Pham QV, Pham XQ, Nguyen TDT, Hossain MD, Huh EN (2020) Efficient computation offloading in multi-tier multi-access edge computing systems: a particle swarm optimization approach. Appl Sci 10(1):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10010203","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"288_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9061010","volume":"9","author":"PW Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan PW, Abbas K, Shaiba H, Muthanna A, Abuarqoub A, Khayyat M (2020) Energy-efficient computation offloading mechanism in multi-server mobile edge computing\u2014an integer linear optimization approach. Electronics (Switzerland) 9(6):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics9061010","journal-title":"Electronics (Switzerland)"},{"key":"288_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu J, Lian X, Liu C (2021) Research on task-oriented computation offloading decision in a space-air-ground integrated network. Future Internet 13(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fi13050128","DOI":"10.3390\/fi13050128"},{"key":"288_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang J, Shi J, Lu S, Zhang M, Ye Z (2021) An efficient computation offloading strategy with mobile edge computing for IoT. Micromachines 12(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi12020204","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12020204"},{"issue":"8","key":"288_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082628","volume":"21","author":"M Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang M, Zhai Q, Chen Y, Feng S, Shu F (2021) Multi-objective whale optimization algorithm for computation offloading optimization in mobile edge computing. Sensors 21(8):1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21082628","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2019","key":"288_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2019.100070","volume":"7","author":"AA Alli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alli AA, Alam MM (2019) SecOFF-FCIoT: machine learning-based secure offloading in fog-cloud of things for smart city applications. Internet Things 7(2019):100070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iot.2019.100070","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"issue":"12","key":"288_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123363","volume":"20","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li L, Wen X, Lu Z, Jing W (2020) An energy-efficient design of computation offloading enabled by UAV. Sensors (Switzerland) 20(12):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20123363","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)"},{"key":"288_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei D, Xi N, Ma J, He L (2021) UAV-assisted privacy-preserving online computation offloading for internet of things. Remote Sens 13:1\u201318","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234853"},{"key":"288_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu H, Sun Y, Wolter K (2018) Energy-efficient decision making for Mobile cloud offloading. IEEE Transact Cloud Comput 7161(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCC.2018.2789446","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2018.2789446"},{"issue":"15","key":"288_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s21155233","volume":"21","author":"L Ismail","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ismail L, Materwala H (2021) Escove: energy-SLA-aware edge\u2013cloud computation offloading in vehicular networks. Sensors 21(15):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21155233","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"18","key":"288_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185240","volume":"20","author":"A Koubaa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koubaa A, Ammar A, Alahdab M, Kanhouch A, Azar AT (2020) Deep brain: experimental evaluation of cloud-based computation offloading and edge computing in the internet-of-drones for deep learning applications. Sensors (Switzerland) 20(18):1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20185240","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"288_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10766-018-0563-0","volume":"48","author":"AN Gnana Jeevan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gnana Jeevan AN, Maluk Mohamed MA (2018) DyTO: dynamic task offloading strategy for Mobile cloud computing using surrogate object model. Int J Parallel Prog 48(3):399\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10766-018-0563-0","journal-title":"Int J Parallel Prog"},{"key":"288_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524497","volume-title":"Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM, 2016-July","author":"S Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo S, Xiao B, Yang Y, Yang Y (2016) Energy-efficient dynamic offloading and resource scheduling in mobile cloud computing. In: Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM, 2016-July. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524497"},{"key":"288_CR24","first-page":"1227","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"TA Estlin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Estlin TA, Mooney RJ (1997) Learning to improve both efficiency and quality of planning. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp 1227\u20131232"},{"issue":"1","key":"288_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-012-0368-0","volume":"18","author":"K Kumar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kumar K, Liu J, Lu YH, Bhargava B (2013) A survey of computation offloading for mobile systems. Mobile Netw Appl 18(1):129\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-012-0368-0","journal-title":"Mobile Netw Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"288_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700202","volume":"32","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Ota K, Dong M (2018) Learning IoT in edge: deep learning for the internet of things with edge computing. IEEE Netw 32(1):96\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700202","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"key":"288_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhou Z, Li S, Gan L, Zhang X, Qi L et al (2017) Hybrid computation offloading for smart home automation in mobile cloud computing. Pers Ubiquit Comput","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-017-1095-0"},{"key":"288_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10139-6","volume-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","author":"S Katoch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katoch S, Chauhan SS, Kumar V (2021) A review on the genetic algorithm: past, present, and future. In: Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol 80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-10139-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"288_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81111-z","volume":"11","author":"M Babanezhad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Babanezhad M, Behroyan I, Nakhjiri AT, Marjani A, Rezakazemi M, Heydarinasab A, Shirazian S (2021) Investigation of the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm-based fuzzy inference system (PSOFIS) in a combination of CFD modeling for prediction of fluid flow. Sci Rep 11(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-81111-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"288_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11081-020-09538-3","volume":"22","author":"M Jahandideh-Tehrani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jahandideh-Tehrani M, Jenkins G, Helfer F (2021) A comparison of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm for daily rainfall-runoff modeling: a case study for Southeast Queensland, Australia. Optimization Engin 22(1):29\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11081-020-09538-3","journal-title":"Optimization Engin"},{"key":"288_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manasrah AM, Ali HB (2018) Workflow scheduling using hybrid GA-PSO algorithm in cloud computing. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1934784","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1934784"},{"key":"288_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917610","volume-title":"2017 IEEE international conference on pervasive computing and communications workshops, PerCom workshops 2017","author":"H Flores","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flores H, Su X, Kostakos V, Ding AY, Nurmi P, Tarkoma S et al (2017) Large-scale offloading in the internet of things. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on pervasive computing and communications workshops, PerCom workshops 2017, pp 479\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917610"},{"key":"288_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng G, Wu H, Wu H, Wolter K (2021) Constrained multi-objective optimization for IoT-enabled computation offloading in collaborative edge and cloud computing. IEEE Internet Things J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3067732","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3067732"},{"issue":"6","key":"288_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061945","volume":"18","author":"X Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma X, Lin C, Zhang H, Liu J (2018) Energy-aware computation offloading of IoT sensors in cloudlet-based mobile edge computing. Sensors (Switzerland) 18(6):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18061945","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"2","key":"288_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2890685","volume":"68","author":"M Min","year":"2019","unstructured":"Min M, Xiao L, Chen Y, Cheng P, Wu D, Zhuang W (2019) Learning-based computation offloading for IoT devices with energy harvesting. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68(2):1930\u20131941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2018.2890685","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"288_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2018.8406881","volume-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)","author":"D Van Le","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Le D, Tham C (2018) A deep reinforcement learning based offloading scheme in ad-hoc Mobile clouds. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), pp 760\u2013765"},{"key":"288_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang L, Chen Y, Sun R, Jing S, Yang B (2008) A task scheduling algorithm based on PSO for grid computing. Int J Comput Intell Res 4(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5019\/j.ijcir.2008.123","DOI":"10.5019\/j.ijcir.2008.123"},{"key":"288_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.06.001","volume":"540","author":"L Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhong C, Yang Q, Zou W, Fathalla A (2020) Task offloading for directed acyclic graph applications based on edge computing in industrial internet. Inf Sci 540:51\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2020.06.001","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"288_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.245","volume":"49","author":"AV Dastjerdi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dastjerdi AV, Buyya R (2016) Fog computing: helping the internet of things realize its potential. Computer 49(8):112\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MC.2016.245","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"288_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartCloud.2016.18","volume-title":"Proceedings - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud, SmartCloud 2016","author":"B Varghese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Varghese B, Wang N, Barbhuiya S, Kilpatrick P, Nikolopoulos DS (2016) Challenges and opportunities in edge computing. In: Proceedings - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud, SmartCloud 2016, pp 20\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SmartCloud.2016.18"},{"issue":"2","key":"288_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc2020010","volume":"2","author":"HF Atlam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Atlam HF, Walters RJ, Wills GB (2018) Fog computing and the internet of things: a review. Big Data Cogn Comput 2(2):1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bdcc2020010","journal-title":"Big Data Cogn Comput"},{"key":"288_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513","volume-title":"MCC\u201912 - proceedings of the 1st ACM Mobile cloud computing workshop","author":"F Bonomi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonomi F, Milito R, Zhu J, Addepalli S (2012) Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In: MCC\u201912 - proceedings of the 1st ACM Mobile cloud computing workshop, pp 13\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"key":"288_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari S, Singh S, April M (2017) Fog computing: characteristics and challenges. 6(2):113\u2013117","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSCCPS.2017.10005265"},{"issue":"4","key":"288_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","volume":"17","author":"A Al-Fuqaha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Fuqaha A, Guizani M, Mohammadi M, Aledhari M, Ayyash M (2015) Internet of things: a survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 17(4):2347\u20132376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"288_CR45","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Fog computing: focusing on Mobile users at the edge","author":"TH Luan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luan TH, Gao L, Li Z, Xiang Y, Wei G, Sun L (2016) Fog computing: focusing on Mobile users at the edge, pp 1\u201311 Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1502.01815"},{"key":"288_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5861-5_5","volume-title":"Fog computing: a taxonomy, survey and future directions","author":"R Mahmud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahmud R, Kotagiri R, Buyya R (2018) Fog computing: a taxonomy, survey and future directions, pp 103\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-5861-5_5"},{"issue":"7","key":"288_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","volume":"29","author":"J Gubbi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gubbi J, Buyya R, Marusic S, Palaniswami M (2013) Internet of things (IoT): a vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Futur Gener Comput Syst 29(7):1645\u20131660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"288_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han P, Du C, Chen J, Ling F, Du X (2021) Cost and makespan scheduling of workflows in clouds using list multiobjective optimization technique. J Syst Archit 112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sysarc.2020.101837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2020.101837"},{"key":"288_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen J, Du T, Xiao G (2021) Multi-objective optimization for resource allocation of emergent demands in cloud computing. J Cloud Comput 10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13677-021-00237-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-021-00237-7"},{"key":"288_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samanataray S, Sahoo A (2021) A comparative study on prediction of monthly Streamflow using hybrid ANFIS-PSO approaches. KSCE J Civ Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12205-021-2223-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-021-2223-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"288_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12607","volume":"36","author":"T Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song T, Pu H, Schonfeld P, Zhang H, Li W, Hu J et al (2021) Bi-objective mountain railway alignment optimization incorporating seismic risk assessment. Comput Aided Civ Infrastruct Engin 36(2):143\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mice.12607","journal-title":"Comput Aided Civ Infrastruct Engin"},{"key":"288_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/cec.2001.934374","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC, 1(February 2001)","author":"RC Eberhart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eberhart RC, Shi Y (2001) Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications, and resources. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC, 1(February 2001), pp 81\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cec.2001.934374"},{"key":"288_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-021-00254-6","volume":"10","author":"NE Nwogbaga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nwogbaga NE, Latip R, Affendey LS, Rizaan ARA (2021) Investigation into the effect of data reduction in off loadable task for distributed IoT-fog-cloud computing. J Cloud Comput 10:1\u20132","journal-title":"J Cloud Comput"},{"key":"288_CR54","unstructured":"Gupta H, Dastjerdi AV, Ghosh SK, Buyya R (2016) iFogSim\u00a0: a toolkit for modeling and simulation of resource management techniques in the internet of things. Edge Fog:1\u201322"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cloud Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00288-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00288-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00288-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T23:03:50Z","timestamp":1654297430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00288-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00288-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-113X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-113X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15"}}