{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:41:25Z","timestamp":1771332085883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019904","name":"Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cloud Comp"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rapid advancement of computation techniques and cloud computing has led to substantial advancements in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), particularly in the field of health care. There are a variety of ways in which CPS is used in healthcare today, including delivering intelligent feedback systems, automatically updating patient data digitally, monitoring patients passively with biosensors, etc. In recent years, cyber-physical systems have become capable of making lifesaving decisions as they are becoming more connected to the cloud. However, healthcare has become one of the most critical issues for many. A CPS network uses the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to continuously monitor patients\u2019 health metrics such as body temperature, heart rate, etc. Due to physical connectivity restrictions, networks are more susceptible to security threats. In spite of the fact that the data is stored in the cloud, it is necessary to provide security regardless of device security and network security. Several cyber-security vulnerabilities have been identified in cloud-based healthcare systems in particular. To give patients a reliable healthcare experience, security concerns with CPSs need to be addressed carefully. In this context, this paper proposes a Cross-Breed Blowfish and MD5 (CBM) approach to improve the security of health data in the CPS cloud. The proposed model uses the wireless sensor network, in which data acquired by the network is transmitted via the transmitting node. Using the fuzzified effective trust-based routing protocol (FET-RP), the most efficient path for data travel is selected. The best route is determined using Butter-Ant Optimization (BAO) algorithm. The proposed method conveys data throughput encryption and decryption in a decoded format. The encrypted data is then stored in the cloud database for security reasons. The route finding algorithm is the one which is sending the data from one end to other end. The data is encrypted based on the source and destination. We compare the performance metrics of our recommended technique to those of other existing techniques, such as RSA, Two fish, ICC, and FHEA, in order to ensure that it performs optimally. The values of Cross Breed Blowfish and MD5 and FET-RP with regard to the performance metrics in terms of encryption (60\u2009ms), decryption (55\u2009ms), latency (60\u2009s), throughput (97 mbps), security level (98%), and execution time (57\u2009ms) which outperforms the conventional methods by 10\u201315%. Also the proposed encryption shows the considerable improvement in the level of security making our model a real world solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-022-00336-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T10:03:03Z","timestamp":1665568983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["An enhanced encryption-based security framework in the CPS Cloud"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Priyadarshini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Quadir Md","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Neelanarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sabireen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/ICM.2018.8704100","volume-title":"2018 30th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","author":"A Mbiriki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mbiriki A, Katar C, Badreddine A (2018) December. Improvement of security system level in the cyber-physical systems (CPS) architecture. In: 2018 30th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM). IEEE, pp 40\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICM.2018.8704100"},{"key":"336_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104288","volume-title":"Security and Resilience of Cyber Physical Systems","author":"M Snehi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Snehi M (2022) Investigating convergence of cyber physical systems and big data analytics to develop real-time defense solution. In: Security and Resilience of Cyber Physical Systems. Chapman and Hall\/CRC, pp 37\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104288"},{"key":"336_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104288","volume":"102","author":"Y Gar\u00ed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gar\u00ed Y, Monge DA, Pacini E, Mateos C, Garino CG (2021) Reinforcement learning-based application autoscaling in the cloud: a survey. Eng Appl Artif Intell 102:104288","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"336_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.11.017","volume":"58","author":"DG Pivoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pivoto DG, de Almeida LF, da Rosa Righi R, Rodrigues JJ, Lugli AB, Alberti AM (2021) Cyber-physical systems architectures for industrial internet of things applications in industry 4.0: a literature review. J Manuf Syst 58:176\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.11.017","journal-title":"J Manuf Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"336_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082761","volume":"21","author":"A Bagula","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bagula A, Ajayi O, Maluleke H (2021) Cyber physical systems dependability using cps-iot monitoring. Sensors 21(8):2761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21082761","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"336_CR6","unstructured":"Sailer P, Ivkic I, Tauber M, Mauthe A, Gouglidis A (2021) Analysing design approaches for the power consumption in cyber-physical systems. In: 2021 IFIP\/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM). IEEE, Bordeaux, pp 908\u2013913"},{"key":"336_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2020.103719","volume":"81","author":"A Mondal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mondal A, Goswami RT (2021) Enhanced honeypot cryptographic scheme and privacy preservation for an effective prediction in cloud security. Microprocess Microsyst 81:103719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpro.2020.103719","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsyst"},{"key":"336_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2018.8612808","volume-title":"2018 IEEE\/ACS 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)","author":"J Pacheco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pacheco J, Tunc C, Hariri S (2018) October. Security framework for IoT cloud services. In: 2018 IEEE\/ACS 15th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, pp 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AICCSA.2018.8612808"},{"issue":"03","key":"336_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.36548\/jtcsst.2020.3.003","volume":"2","author":"W Haoxiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haoxiang W, Smys S (2020) Secure and optimized cloud-based cyber-physical systems with memory-aware scheduling scheme. J Trends Comput Sci Smart Technol 2(03):141\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36548\/jtcsst.2020.3.003","journal-title":"J Trends Comput Sci Smart Technol"},{"key":"336_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sun Q, Shi Y (2021) Model predictive control as a secure Service for Cyber-Physical Systems: a cloud-edge framework. IEEE Internet Things J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3091981","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3091981"},{"key":"336_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma J, Bhandari A, Singh G (2022) Recent advancements in the state of cloud security in cyber physical systems. In: Security and Resilience of Cyber Physical Systems. Chapman and Hall\/CRC, London, pp 49\u201360. ISBN 9781032028569","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003185543-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"336_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-020-00181-y","volume":"9","author":"Z Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Yang W, Qi Q (2020) Dynamic resource provisioning for cyber-physical systems in cloud-fog-edge computing. J Cloud Computi 9(1):1\u201316.1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13677-020-00181-y","journal-title":"J Cloud Computi"},{"issue":"1","key":"336_CR13","first-page":"36","volume":"47","author":"C Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar C, Marston S, Sen R (2020) Cyber-physical systems (CPS) security: state of the art and research opportunities for information systems academics. Commun Assoc Inf Syst 47(1):36","journal-title":"Commun Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"336_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trivedi RS, Patel SJ (2022) Security and privacy aspects in the internet of things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS). In: Handbook of research of internet of things and cyber-physical systems. Apple Academic Press, New Jersey and Canada, pp 453\u2013490","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003277323-23"},{"issue":"5","key":"336_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3147186","volume":"59","author":"Z Rahman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahman Z, Khalil I, Yi X, Atiquzzaman M (2021) Blockchain-based security framework for a critical industry 4.0 cyber-physical system. IEEE Commun Mag 59(5):128\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3147186","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"336_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mfglet.2020.04.011","volume":"24","author":"B Bagheri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagheri B, Rezapoor M, Lee J (2020) A unified data security framework for federated prognostics and health management in smart manufacturing. Manuf Lett 24:136\u2013139.1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mfglet.2020.04.011","journal-title":"Manuf Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"336_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3751","DOI":"10.3390\/app11093751","volume":"11","author":"Z Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Z, Xie W, Wang B, Tao J, Wang E (2021) A survey on recent advanced research of CPS security. Appl Sci 11(9):3751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11093751","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"336_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33596-0_8","volume-title":"Cyber-physical cloud computing systems and internet of everything. In principles of internet of things (IoT) ecosystem: insight paradigm","author":"MJ Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur MJ, Riaz S, Mushtaq A (2020) Cyber-physical cloud computing systems and internet of everything. In principles of internet of things (IoT) ecosystem: insight paradigm. Springer, Cham, pp 201\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33596-0_8"},{"issue":"14","key":"336_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11717","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3058946","volume":"8","author":"BS Egala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Egala BS, Pradhan AK, Badarla V, Mohanty SP (2021) Fortified-chain: a blockchain-based framework for security and privacy-assured internet of medical things with effective access control. IEEE Internet Things J 8(14):11717\u201311731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3058946","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"336_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iwendi C, Mahboob K, Khalid Z et al (2021) Classification of COVID-19 individuals using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Multimedia Systems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-021-00774","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-021-00774"},{"key":"336_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iwendi C, Srivastava G, Khan S et al (2020) Cyberbullying detection solutions based on deep learning architectures. Multimedia Systems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-020-00701-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-020-00701-5"},{"key":"336_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85428-7_5","volume-title":"Security and Privacy Preserving for IoT and 5G Networks","author":"O Evsutin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Evsutin O, Melman A, El-Latif A, Ahmed A (2022) Overview of information hiding algorithms for ensuring security in IoT based cyber-physical systems. In: Security and Privacy Preserving for IoT and 5G Networks. Springer, Cham, pp 81\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-85428-7_5"},{"issue":"2","key":"336_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11020283","volume":"11","author":"KA Awan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Awan KA, Din IU, Almogren A, Kim BS (2022) Fog-Computing-Based Cyber\u2013Physical System for Secure Food Traceability through the Twofish Algorithm. Electronics 11(2):283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics11020283","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"336_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1558846\/v1","volume-title":"Enhanced data privacy in cyber-physical system using improved Chacha20 algorithm","author":"DK Jain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jain DK, Mohan P, Lakshmanna K, Nanda AK (2022) Enhanced data privacy in cyber-physical system using improved Chacha20 algorithm"},{"key":"336_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saad A, Alharbi A (2022) Securing Smart City Services in Cyber-Physical Systems using the computation annealed selection process. Int J Found Comput Sci:1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0129054122420035","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129054122420035"},{"key":"336_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iwendi C et al (2021) Pointer-based item-to-item collaborative filtering recommendation system using a machine learning model. Int J Inform Technol DecisMak. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0219622021500619","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622021500619"},{"key":"336_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qadir Md, Abdul; Vijayakumar, Varadarajan, Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering), Volume 13, Number 2, 2020, 260\u2013275(16), Bentham Science Publishers: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1872212113666190215145330","DOI":"10.2174\/1872212113666190215145330"},{"issue":"12","key":"336_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10121375","volume":"10","author":"C Iwendi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iwendi C et al (2021) Security of Things Intrusion Detection System for Smart Healthcare. Electronics 10(12):1375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics10121375","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"3","key":"336_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWBC.2019.101811","volume":"15","author":"AQ Md","year":"2019","unstructured":"Md AQ, Vijayakumar V (2019) Dynamic ranking of cloud services for web-based cloud communities: efficient algorithm for rating-based discovery and multi-level ranking of cloud services. Int J Web Based Commun Vol 15(3):248\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJWBC.2019.101811","journal-title":"Int J Web Based Commun Vol"},{"key":"336_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivkic I, Sailer P, Gouglidis A, Mauthe A, Tauber M (2022) A security cost modelling framework for cyber-physical systems. ACM Trans Internet Technol 2(2):1\u201331","DOI":"10.1145\/3450752"},{"issue":"4","key":"336_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-019-01280-0","volume":"24","author":"A Quadir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quadir A, Md V, V., & Mandal, K (2019) Correction to: efficient algorithm for identification and cache based discovery of cloud services. Mobile Netw Appl 24(4):1198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-019-01280-0","journal-title":"Mobile Netw Appl"},{"key":"336_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-019-01256-0","volume":"24","author":"AQ Md","year":"2019","unstructured":"Md AQ, Varadarajan V, Mandal K (2019) Efficient algorithm for identification and cache based discovery of cloud services. Mobile Netw Appl 24:1181\u20131197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-019-01256-0","journal-title":"Mobile Netw Appl"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cloud Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00336-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00336-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00336-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1665569140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00336-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13677-022-00336-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-113X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-113X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no ethical approval required and authors express their consent to participate for paper which is a CPS based Cloud Computing and Security in Cloud Computing.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Authors provide the consent for publication which is a health care based on Cloud Computing and Security Computing.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"64"}}