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However, the massive volume of real-time data generated by monitoring devices necessitates the use of efficient methods and approaches to respond promptly. A fog-based architecture for IoT healthcare systems tends to provide better services, but it also produces some issues that must be addressed. We present a bidirectional approach to improving real-time data transmission for health monitors by minimizing network latency and usage in this paper. To that end, a simplified approach for large-scale IoT health monitoring systems is devised, which provides a solution for IoT device selection of optimal fog nodes to reduce both communication and processing delays. Additionally, an improved dynamic approach for load balancing and task assignment is also suggested. Embedding the best practices from the IoT, Fog, and Cloud planes, our aim in this work is to offer software architecture for IoT-based healthcare systems to fulfill non-functional needs. 4\u2009+\u20091 views are used to illustrate the proposed architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-022-00371-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T14:41:37Z","timestamp":1670251297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Software architecture for pervasive critical health monitoring system using fog computing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Abeera","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Naif","family":"Alatawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasir","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Mahfooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Zada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Gohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd Asif","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12071191","volume":"12","author":"C Butpheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butpheng C, Yeh KH, Xiong H (2020) Security and privacy in IoT-cloud-based e-health systems\u2014a comprehensive review. 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