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Both Blockchain and IoT are sophisticated technologies whose feasibility and performance in large-scale environments are difficult to evaluate. Consequently, a trustworthy Blockchain-based IoT simulator presents an alternative to costly and complicated actual implementation. Our primary analysis finds that there has not been so far a satisfactory simulator for the creation and assessment of blockchain-based IoT applications, which is the principal impetus for our effort. Therefore, this study gathers the thoughts of experts about the development of a simulation environment for blockchain-based IoT applications. To do this, we conducted two different investigations. First, a questionnaire is created to determine whether the development of such a simulator would be of substantial use. Second, interviews are conducted to obtain participants\u2019 opinions on the most pressing challenges they encounter with blockchain-based IoT applications. The outcome is a conceptual architecture for simulating blockchain-based IoT applications that we evaluate using two research methods; a questionnaire and a focus group with experts. All in all, we find that the proposed architecture is generally well-received due to its comprehensive range of key features and capabilities for blockchain-based IoT purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-023-00481-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1689321746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A conceptual architecture for simulating blockchain-based IoT ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adel","family":"Albshri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alzubaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Alharby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bakri","family":"Awaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ellis","family":"Solaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"481_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","volume":"29","author":"J Gubbi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gubbi J, Buyya R, Marusic S, Palaniswami M (2013) Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. 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