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In Cloud-Edge-End (CEE) environments, offloading computing tasks of terminal devices to edge and cloud servers can effectively reduce system delay and alleviate network congestion. Designing a reliable task offloading strategy in CEE environments to meet users\u2019 requirements is a challenging issue. To design an effective offloading strategy, a Service Reliability Analysis and Elite-Artificial Bee Colony Offloading model (SRA-E-ABCO) is presented for cloud-edge-end environments. Specifically, a Service Reliability Analysis (SRA) method is proposed to assist in predicting the offloading necessity of terminal tasks and analyzing the attributes of terminal devices and edge nodes. An Elite Artificial Bee Colony Offloading (E-ABCO) method is also proposed, which optimizes the offloading strategy by combining elite populations with improved fitness formulas, position update formulas, and population initialization methods. Simulation results on real datasets validate the efficient performance of the proposed scheme that not only reduces task offloading delay but also optimize system overhead in comparison to baseline schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-024-00622-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T06:02:43Z","timestamp":1710396163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["SRA-E-ABCO: terminal task offloading for cloud-edge-end environments"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shun","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"622_CR1","unstructured":"Cisco (2020) Cisco annual internet report. 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