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However, live migration may lead to side effects and performance degradation when migration is overused or an unreasonable migration process is carried out. One pressing challenge is how to capture the best opportunity for virtual machine migration. Leveraging rough sets and AI, this paper provides an innovative strategy based on Q-learning that is designed for migration decisions. The highlight of our strategy is the harmonious mechanism for applying rough sets and Q-learning. For the ABDS (adaptive boundary decision system) strategy in this paper, the exploration space of Q learning is confined by the boundary region of rough sets, while the thresholds of the boundary region can be dynamically adjusted by the reaction results from the computing cluster. The structure and mechanism of the ABDS strategy are described in this paper. The corresponding experiments show a firm advantage for the cooperation of rough sets and reinforcement learning algorithms. Considering both the energy consumption and application performance, the ABDS strategy in this paper outperforms the benchmark strategies in comprehensive performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-024-00684-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T07:02:04Z","timestamp":1721199724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An intelligent decision system for virtual machine migration based on specific Q-learning"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"684_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J, Cheng L, Liu C, et al (2023) Cost-aware scheduling systems for real-time workflows in cloud: an approach based on genetic algorithm and deep reinforcement learning. 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