{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T22:00:39Z","timestamp":1761948039556},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]],"date-time":"2015-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]],"date-time":"2015-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Adapt Syst Model"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper describes <jats:italic>dynamic agent composition<\/jats:italic>, used to support the development of flexible and extensible large-scale agent-based models (ABMs). This approach was motivated by a need to extend and modify, with ease, an ABM with an underlying networked structure as more information becomes available. Flexibility was also sought after so that simulations are set up with ease, without the need to program.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The dynamic agent composition approach consists in having agents, whose implementation has been broken into atomic units, come together at runtime to form the complex system representation on which simulations are run. These components capture information at a fine level of detail and provide a vast range of combinations and options for a modeller to create ABMs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A description of the dynamic agent composition is given in this paper, as well as details about its implementation within MODAM (<jats:italic>MOD<\/jats:italic>ular <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>gent-based <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>odel), a software framework which is applied to the planning of the electricity distribution network. Illustrations of the implementation of the dynamic agent composition are consequently given for that domain throughout the paper. It is however expected that this approach will be beneficial to other problem domains, especially those with a networked structure, such as water or gas networks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dynamic agent composition has many advantages over the way agent-based models are traditionally built for the users, the developers, as well as for agent-based modelling as a scientific approach. Developers can extend the model without the need to access or modify previously written code; they can develop groups of entities independently and add them to those already defined to extend the model. Users can mix-and-match already implemented components to form large-scales ABMs, allowing them to quickly setup simulations and easily compare scenarios without the need to program. The dynamic agent composition provides a natural simulation space over which ABMs of networked structures are represented, facilitating their implementation; and verification and validation of models is facilitated by quickly setting up alternative simulations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40294-015-0007-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T10:11:01Z","timestamp":1424167861000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dynamic agent composition for large-scale agent-based models"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Fanny","family":"Boulaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Utting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Drogemuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","unstructured":"Argonne National Laboratory. The Repast Suite. 2014. http:\/\/repast.sourceforge.net\/. Accessed 11\/11\/2014 2014."},{"key":"7_CR2","volume-title":"Formal specification supporting incremental and flexible agent-based modeling. 2012 Winter Simulation Conference; 2012","author":"JW Bae","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bae JW, Lee G, Moon I-C. Formal specification supporting incremental and flexible agent-based modeling. 2012 Winter Simulation Conference; 2012. Berlin, Germany: IEEE; 2012."},{"key":"7_CR3","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Finding ways to reduce greenhouse Gas emissions using multi-agent electricity modelling. Complex science for a complex world: exploring human ecosystems with agents. vol Book","author":"DF Batten","year":"2006","unstructured":"Batten DF, Grozev G, NEMSIM. Finding ways to reduce greenhouse Gas emissions using multi-agent electricity modelling. Complex science for a complex world: exploring human ecosystems with agents. vol Book. Canberra: ANU E Press; 2006. p. 227\u201352."},{"key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470058411","volume-title":"Developing multi-agent systems with JADE. Wiley series in agent technology, vol book, whole","author":"FL Bellifemine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bellifemine FL, Caire G, Greenwood D. Developing multi-agent systems with JADE. Wiley series in agent technology, vol book, whole. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2007."},{"key":"7_CR5","unstructured":"Bellifemine F, Caire G, Trucco T, Rimassa G. JADE Programmer\u2019s Guide 2010. Free Software Foundation: Boston, MA, USA"},{"key":"7_CR6","unstructured":"Berryman M. Review of Software Platforms for Agent Based Models. In: Department of Defense, editor. Edinburgh, South Australia, Australia: Defence Science Technology Organisation; 2008."},{"issue":"Suppl 3(3)","key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7280","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082080899","volume":"99","author":"E Bonabeau","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bonabeau E. Agent-based modeling: methods and techniques for simulating human systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(Suppl 3(3)):7280\u20137. doi:10.1073\/pnas.082080899.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7_CR8","volume-title":"Planning for the impact of distributed solar energy on the grid. Solar 2012 Conference; 6\u20137 December 2012","author":"F Boulaire","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boulaire F, Utting M, Drogemuller R, Abeygunawardana A, Ledwich G, Bell J. Planning for the impact of distributed solar energy on the grid. Solar 2012 Conference; 6\u20137 December 2012. Melbourne: Swinburne University of Technology; 2012a."},{"key":"7_CR9","volume-title":"A hybrid simulation framework to assess the impact of renewable generators on a distribution network. 2012 Winter Simulation Conference; 9\u201312 December 2012","author":"F Boulaire","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boulaire F, Utting M, Drogemuller R, Ledwich G, Ziari I. A hybrid simulation framework to assess the impact of renewable generators on a distribution network. 2012 Winter Simulation Conference; 9\u201312 December 2012. Berlin, Germany: IEEE; 2012b."},{"key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boulaire F, Utting M, Drogemuller R, editors. MODAM: A MODular Agent-based Modelling Framework. 2nd International Workshop on Software Engineering Challenges for the Smart Grid as part of 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2013); 2013a 18\u201326 May 2013; San Fransisco, CA, USA: IEEE Press","DOI":"10.1109\/SE4SG.2013.6596109"},{"key":"7_CR11","volume-title":"Parallel ABM for electricity distribution grids: a case study. 1st Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Agent-Based Simulations, Euro-Par 2013; 26\/08\/2013","author":"F Boulaire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boulaire F, Utting M, Drogemuller R. Parallel ABM for electricity distribution grids: a case study. 1st Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Agent-Based Simulations, Euro-Par 2013; 26\/08\/2013. Aachen, Germany: Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 2013b."},{"key":"7_CR12","unstructured":"Briot J-P, Meurisse T. A Component-based Model of Agent Behaviors for Multi-Agent-Based Simulations. Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Multi-Agent-Based Simulation (MABS\u201906), 5th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS\u20192006). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM); 2006. p. 183\u201390."},{"key":"7_CR13","volume-title":"Agent-based simulation of distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaic generation 2011 24-29\/07\/2011","author":"C Cai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cai C, Jahangiri P, Thomas AG, Zhao H, Aliprantis DC, Tesfatsion L. Agent-based simulation of distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaic generation 2011 24-29\/07\/2011. San Diego, CA: Power and Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE; 2011."},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.1562","volume":"1","author":"F Castiglione","year":"2006","unstructured":"Castiglione F. Agent based modeling. Scholarpedia. 2006;1(10):1562. doi:10.4249\/scholarpedia.1562.","journal-title":"Scholarpedia"},{"key":"7_CR15","unstructured":"Collier, N. Interface ContextBuilder<T>. 2014 http:\/\/repast.sourceforge.net\/docs\/api\/repast_simphony\/index.html."},{"key":"7_CR16","unstructured":"Collier, N. Repast HPC Manual. 2013. http:\/\/repast.sourceforge.net\/docs\/RepastHPCManual.pdf."},{"key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1145\/2486092.2486147","volume-title":"Designing computational steering facilities for distributed agent based simulations. Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference on Principles of advanced discrete simulation","author":"G Cordasco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cordasco G, Chiara RD, Raia F, Scarano V, Spagnuolo C, Vicidomini L. Designing computational steering facilities for distributed agent based simulations. Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference on Principles of advanced discrete simulation. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 2486147: ACM; 2013. p. 385\u201390."},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2007.896686","volume":"12","author":"Y del Valle","year":"2008","unstructured":"del Valle Y, Venayagamoorthy GK, Mohagheghi S, Hernandez JC, Harley RG. Particle swarm optimization: basic concepts, variants and applications in power systems. IEEE Trans Evol Comput. 2008;12(2):171\u201395. doi:10.1109\/tevc.2007.896686.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dings\u00f8yr T, Dyb\u00e5 T, Moe N. Agile Software Development: An Introduction and Overview. In: Dings\u00f8yr T, Dyb\u00e5 T, Moe NB, editors. Agile Software Development. Berlin, Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010. p. 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12575-1_1"},{"key":"7_CR20","unstructured":"Ergon Energy. Corporate profile. 2013. https:\/\/www.ergon.com.au\/about-us\/who-we-are\/our-company\/corporate-profile. Accessed 02\/06\/2013 2013."},{"key":"7_CR21","volume-title":"Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software. vol Book, Whole","author":"E Gamma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gamma E. Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software. vol Book, Whole. Boston: Addison-Wesley; 2009."},{"key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamill L. Agent-based modelling: The next 15\u00a0years. JASSS. 2010;13(4):7.","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.1640"},{"key":"7_CR23","unstructured":"Institute for Energy and Transport. Agent Based Modelling for Smart Grids. European Comission. 2014. http:\/\/ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/agent-based-modelling-smart-grids. Accessed 20\/07\/2014 2014."},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR24","first-page":"29","volume":"33","author":"F Kl\u00fcgl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kl\u00fcgl F, Bazzan ALC. Agent-based modeling and simulation. AI Mag. 2012;33(3):29\u201340.","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"issue":"7","key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549705058073","volume":"82","author":"S Luke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Luke S, Cioffi-Revilla C, Panait L, Sullivan K, Balan G. MASON: a multi-agent simulation environment. Simulation. 2005;82(7):517\u201327.","journal-title":"Simulation"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2010.3","volume":"4","author":"CM Macal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Macal CM, North MJ. Tutorial on agent-based modelling and simulation. J Simul. 2010;4:151\u201362.","journal-title":"J Simul"},{"key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macal CM, North MJ, editors. Tutorial On Agent-Based Modeling And Simulation Part 2: How To Model With Agents. Winter Simulation Conference; 2006 December 3\u20136, 2006; Monterey, California, USA; Sl.l: Omni press","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2006.323040"},{"key":"7_CR28","volume-title":"A fast \u2018do-it-yourself\u2019 load flow algorithm for power systems with sparse topology. AUPEC 2003 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference","author":"A Morton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morton A. A fast \u2018do-it-yourself\u2019 load flow algorithm for power systems with sparse topology. AUPEC 2003 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference. Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury, NZ; 2003."},{"key":"7_CR29","unstructured":"Najlis R, Janssen MA, Parker DC, editors. Software Tools and Communication Issues. Proceedings of a Special Workshop on Land-Use\/Land-Cover Change; 2001 04-07\/10\/2001; Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science, University of California at Santa Barbara: Irvine, California 2002."},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR30","first-page":"2","volume":"12","author":"C Nikolai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nikolai C, Madey G. Tools of the trade: a survey of various agent based modeling platforms. J Artif Soc Soc Simul. 2009;12(2):2.","journal-title":"J Artif Soc Soc Simul"},{"key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"North MJ. A theoretical formalism for analyzing agent-based models. Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling. 2013;2(1):3. doi:10.1186\/2194-3206-2-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-3206-2-3"},{"key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"North MJ, Macal CM. Managing Business Complexity. vol Book, Whole. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press; 2007.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195172119.001.0001"},{"key":"7_CR33","volume-title":"E-laboratories : agent-based modeling of electricity markets. American Power Conference; 15-17\/04\/2002","author":"M North","year":"2002","unstructured":"North M, Conzelmann G, Koritarov V, Macal C, Thimmapuram P, Veselka T. E-laboratories : agent-based modeling of electricity markets. American Power Conference; 15-17\/04\/2002. Chicago, IL (US): Argonne National Lab., IL (US); 2002."},{"key":"7_CR34","volume-title":"A flexible, large-scale, distributed agent based epidemic model. 2007 Winter Simulation Conference; 2007","author":"J Parker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parker J. A flexible, large-scale, distributed agent based epidemic model. 2007 Winter Simulation Conference; 2007. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Press; 2007."},{"key":"7_CR35","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Agent based modeling, large scale simulations","author":"HR Parry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parry HR. Agent based modeling, large scale simulations. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2012. p. 76\u201387."},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549706073695","volume":"82","author":"SF Railsback","year":"2006","unstructured":"Railsback SF, Lytinen SL, Jackson SK. Agent-based simulation platforms: review and development recommendations. Simulation. 2006;82(9):609\u201323.","journal-title":"Simulation"},{"key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1971.9989794","volume":"1","author":"TC Schelling","year":"1971","unstructured":"Schelling TC. Dynamic models of segregation. J Math Sociol. 1971;1:143\u201386.","journal-title":"J Math Sociol"},{"key":"7_CR38","unstructured":"Steinberg D, Budinsky F, Paternostro M, Merks E. EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework Eclipse Series. Boston, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley Professional; 2008."},{"key":"7_CR39","unstructured":"The Eclipse Foundation. About the Eclipse Foundation. The Eclipse Foundation. 2012. http:\/\/www.eclipse.org\/org\/. Accessed 27\/02\/2012 2012."},{"key":"7_CR40","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Overview of Agile Software Development. Agile Software Development: Best Practices for Large Software Development Projects. vol Book, Whole","author":"S Thomas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thomas S, Hansmann U. Overview of Agile Software Development. Agile Software Development: Best Practices for Large Software Development Projects. vol Book, Whole. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010. p. 35\u20139."},{"key":"7_CR41","volume-title":"Engineering interrelated electricity markets: an agent-based computational approach. vol Book, Whole","author":"A Weidlich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weidlich A. Engineering interrelated electricity markets: an agent-based computational approach. vol Book, Whole. Heidelberg: Springer; 2008."},{"key":"7_CR42","volume-title":"Theory of modelling and simulation. vol Book, Whole","author":"BP Zeigler","year":"1976","unstructured":"Zeigler BP. Theory of modelling and simulation. vol Book, Whole. New York, N.Y: Wiley; 1976."}],"container-title":["Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40294-015-0007-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40294-015-0007-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40294-015-0007-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40294-015-0007-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T12:47:08Z","timestamp":1627649228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40294-015-0007-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40294-015-0007-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-3206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-3206","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 November 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"1"}}