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In this paper, we investigate the<jats:italic>Multi-Agent Foraging<\/jats:italic>(MAF) problem from several perspectives that we analyze in depth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>First, we define the<jats:italic>Foraging Problem<\/jats:italic>according to literature definitions. Then we analyze previously proposed taxonomies, and propose a new foraging taxonomy characterized by four principal axes:<jats:italic>Environment, Collective, Strategy<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Simulation<\/jats:italic>, summarize related foraging works and classify them through our new foraging taxonomy. Then, we discuss the real implementation of MAF and present a comparison between some related foraging works considering important features that show extensibility, reliability and scalability of MAF systems<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Finally we present and discuss recent trends in this field, emphasizing the various challenges that could enhance the existing MAF solutions and make them realistic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40294-016-0041-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T12:21:55Z","timestamp":1486038115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Multi-Agent Foraging: state-of-the-art and research challenges"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7991-0677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ouarda","family":"Zedadra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Jouandeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Seridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Fortino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"41_CR1","unstructured":"Aiello F, Fortino G, Guerrieri A, Gravina R (2009) Maps: a mobile agent platform for wsns based on java sun spots. 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