{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:29:44Z","timestamp":1772166584219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006298","name":"S\u00e4chsische Aufbaubank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1722 0710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1722 0710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["713683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["713683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complex Adapt Syst Model"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding how innovations are accepted in a dynamic and complex market environment is a crucial factor for competitive advantage. To understand the relevant factors for this diffusion and to predict success, empirically grounded agent-based models have become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite the popularity of these innovation diffusion models, no common framework that integrates their diversity exists. This article presents a flexible, modular and extensible common description and implementation framework that allows to depict the large variety of model components found in existing models. The framework aims to provide a theoretically grounded description and implementation framework for empirically grounded agent-based models of innovation diffusion. It identifies 30 component requirements to conceptualize an integrated formal framework description. Based on this formal description, a java-based implementation allowing for flexible configuration of existing and future models of innovation diffusion is developed. As a variable decision support tool in decision-making processes on the adoption of innovations the framework is valuable for the investigation of a range of research questions on innovation diffusion, business model evaluation and infrastructure transformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40294-020-00074-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T15:29:46Z","timestamp":1599751786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A modular multi-agent framework for innovation diffusion in changing business environments: conceptualization, formalization and implementation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9304-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Johanning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Scheller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Abitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudius","family":"Wehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bruckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"74_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2012.10.004","volume":"45","author":"S Balbi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balbi S, Giupponi C, Perez P, Alberti M (2013) A spatial agent-based model for assessing strategies of adaptation to climate and tourism demand changes in an alpine tourism destination. Environ Model Softw 45:29\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2012.10.004","journal-title":"Environ Model Softw"},{"key":"74_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barreteau O, Sauquet E, Riaux J, Gailliard N, Barbier R (2014) Agent based simulation of drought management in practice. In: Advances in social simulation, pp 237\u2013248. Springer.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-39829-2_21. ISBN 3642398286.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39829-2_21"},{"issue":"5","key":"74_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.15.5.215","volume":"15","author":"FM Bass","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bass FM (1969) A new product growth for model consumer durables. Manage Sci 15(5):215\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.15.5.215","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"key":"74_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.07.016","volume":"73","author":"AR Bell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell AR, Robinson DT, Malik A, Dewal S (2015) Modular abm development for improved dissemination and training. Environ Model Softw 73:189\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.07.016","journal-title":"Environ Model Softw"},{"key":"74_CR5","unstructured":"Boero R, Squazzoni F (2005) Does empirical embeddedness matter? Methodological issues on agent-based models for analytical social science. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 8(4)"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"74_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7280","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082080899","volume":"99","author":"E Bonabeau","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bonabeau E (2002) Agent-based modeling: methods and techniques for simulating human systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(Suppl 3):7280\u20137287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.082080899","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"74_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2011.00792.x","volume":"28","author":"TLJ Broekhuizen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Broekhuizen TLJ, Delre SA, Torres A (2011) Simulating the cinema market: how cross-cultural differences in social influence explain box office distributions. J Prod Innov Manag 28(2):204\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2011.00792.x","journal-title":"J Prod Innov Manag"},{"key":"74_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.10.005","volume":"75","author":"CM Buchmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buchmann CM, Grossmann K, Schwarz N (2016) How agent heterogeneity, model structure and input data determine the performance of an empirical ABM\u2014a real-world case study on residential mobility. Environ Model Softw 75:77\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.10.005","journal-title":"Environ Model Softw"},{"key":"74_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eist.2012.11.005","volume":"7","author":"EJ Chappin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chappin EJ, Afman MR (2013) An agent-based model of transitions in consumer lighting: Policy impacts from the E.U. phase-out of incandescents. Environ Innov Soc Transit 7:16\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eist.2012.11.005","journal-title":"Environ Innov Soc Transit"},{"issue":"2","key":"74_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2010.00714.x","volume":"27","author":"SA Delre","year":"2010","unstructured":"Delre SA, Jager W, Bijmolt THA, Janssen MA (2010) Will it spread or not? The effects of social influences and network topology on innovation diffusion. J Prod Innov Manag 27(2):267\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2010.00714.x","journal-title":"J Prod Innov Manag"},{"key":"74_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.1690","author":"AG Dunn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dunn AG, Gallego B (2010) Diffusion of competing innovations: the effects of network structure on the provision of healthcare. J Artif Soc Soc Simul. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18564\/jasss.1690","journal-title":"J Artif Soc Soc Simul"},{"issue":"1","key":"74_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/1470594X11434625","volume":"11","author":"SN Durlauf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Durlauf SN (2012) Complexity, economics, and public policy. Polit Philos Econ 11(1):45\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1470594X11434625","journal-title":"Polit Philos Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"74_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.04.007","volume":"39","author":"MJ Eppstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eppstein MJ, Grover DK, Marshall JS, Rizzo DM (2011) An agent-based model to study market penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Energy Policy 39(6):3789\u20133802","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"74_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.09.026","volume":"41","author":"ER Frederiks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frederiks ER, Stenner K, Hobman EV (2015) Household energy use: applying behavioural economics to understand consumer decision-making and behaviour. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 41:1385\u20131394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2014.09.026","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"74_CR15","volume-title":"The discovery of grouded theory","author":"BG Glaser","year":"1967","unstructured":"Glaser BG, Strauss AL (1967) The discovery of grouded theory. Aldine, Chicago"},{"key":"74_CR16","unstructured":"Graebig M, Erdmann G, R\u00f6der S (eds) (2014) Assessment of residential battery systems (RBS): profitability, perceived value proposition, and potential business models"},{"key":"74_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2015.06.006","volume":"98","author":"T Jensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jensen T, Holtz G, Chappin \u00c9J (2015) Agent-based assessment framework for behavior-changing feedback devices: spreading of devices and heating behavior. Technol Forecast Soc Change 98:105\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2015.06.006","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"74_CR18","unstructured":"Kiesling E (2011) Planning the market introduction of new products: an agent-based simulation of innovation diffusion. UBW Volltext am Hochschulschriftenserver der UB Wien, Wien. http:\/\/othes.univie.ac.at\/16743\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"74_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10100-011-0210-y","volume":"20","author":"E Kiesling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kiesling E, G\u00fcnther M, Stummer C, Wakolbinger LM (2012) Agent-based simulation of innovation diffusion: a review. Cent Eur J Oper Res 20(2):183\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10100-011-0210-y","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"74_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2013.08.001","volume":"38","author":"F Kostadinov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kostadinov F, Holm S, Steubing B, Thees O, Lemm R (2014) Simulation of a Swiss wood fuel and roundwood market: an explorative study in agent-based modeling. For Policy Econ 38:105\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forpol.2013.08.001","journal-title":"For Policy Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"74_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2010.3","volume":"4","author":"CM Macal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Macal CM, North MJ (2010) Tutorial on agent-based modelling and simulation. J Simul 4(3):151\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jos.2010.3","journal-title":"J Simul"},{"key":"74_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2014.07.008","volume":"3","author":"D McCoy","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCoy D, Lyons S (2014) Consumer preferences and the influence of networks in electric vehicle diffusion: an agent-based microsimulation in Ireland. Energy Res Soc Sci 3:89\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.erss.2014.07.008","journal-title":"Energy Res Soc Sci"},{"key":"74_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2015.06.011","volume":"99","author":"J Palmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palmer J, Sorda G, Madlener R (2015) Modeling the diffusion of residential photovoltaic systems in Italy: an agent-based simulation. Technol Forecast Soc Change 99:106\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2015.06.011","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"74_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.04.014","volume":"70","author":"V Rai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rai V, Robinson SA (2015) Agent-based modeling of energy technology adoption: empirical integration of social, behavioral, economic, and environmental factors. Environ Model Softw 70:163\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.04.014","journal-title":"Environ Model Softw"},{"key":"74_CR25","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)","volume-title":"Towards an infrastructure for energy model computation and linkage","author":"DG Reichelt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reichelt DG, K\u00fchne S, Scheller F, Abitz D, Johanning S (2020) Towards an infrastructure for energy model computation and linkage. Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI). Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik, Bonn"},{"key":"74_CR26","unstructured":"Rodriguez MG, Balduzzi D, Sch\u00f6lkopf B (2011) Uncovering the temporal dynamics of diffusion networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1105.0697"},{"key":"74_CR27","isbn-type":"print","volume-title":"Diffusion of innovations","author":"EM Rogers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rogers EM (2003) Diffusion of innovations, 5th edn. Free Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-74-322209-9","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9780743222099","edition":"5"},{"key":"74_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.02.005","volume":"105","author":"F Scheller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scheller F, Bruckner T (2019) Energy system optimization at the municipal level: an analysis of modeling approaches and challenges. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 105:444\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2019.02.005","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"74_CR29","unstructured":"Scheller F, Johanning S, Bruckner T (2019) A review of designing empirically grounded agent-based models of innovation diffusion: Development process, conceptual foundation and research agenda. Research Report No.01, Leipzig University, Institute for Infrastructure and Resources Management (IIRM), 2019. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10419\/191981"},{"issue":"1","key":"74_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2010.08.004","volume":"50","author":"ME Schramm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schramm ME, Trainor KJ, Shanker M, Hu MY (2010) An agent-based diffusion model with consumer and brand agents. Decis Support Syst 50(1):234\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dss.2010.08.004","journal-title":"Decis Support Syst"},{"key":"74_CR31","volume-title":"Umweltinnovationen und Lebensstile: Eine raumbezogene, empirisch fundierte Multi-Agenten-Simulation","author":"N Schwarz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schwarz N (2007) Umweltinnovationen und Lebensstile: Eine raumbezogene, empirisch fundierte Multi-Agenten-Simulation, vol 3. Metropolis-Verlag GmbH, Weimar"},{"issue":"4","key":"74_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2008.03.024","volume":"76","author":"N Schwarz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schwarz N, Ernst A (2009) Agent-based modeling of the diffusion of environmental innovations\u2014an empirical approach. Technol Forecast Soc Change 76(4):497\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2008.03.024","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"74_CR33","isbn-type":"print","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6134-0","volume-title":"Empirical agent-based modelling-challenges and solutions","author":"A Smajgl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smajgl A, Barreteau O (2014a) Empirical agent-based modelling-challenges and solutions. Springer, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-6134-0. ISBN 978-1-4614-6133-3","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9781461461333"},{"key":"74_CR34","isbn-type":"print","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6134-0","volume-title":"Empirical agent-based modelling-challenges and solutions","author":"A Smajgl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smajgl A, Barreteau O (2014b) Series foreword. In: Smajgl A, Barreteau O (eds) Empirical agent-based modelling-challenges and solutions. Springer, New York, pp 5\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-6134-0. ISBN 978-1-4614-6133-3","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9781461461333"},{"key":"74_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eist.2013.06.001","volume":"8","author":"BM Sopha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sopha BM, Kl\u00f6ckner CA, Hertwich EG (2013) Adoption and diffusion of heating systems in Norway: coupling agent-based modeling with empirical research. Environ Innov Soc Transit 8:42\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eist.2013.06.001","journal-title":"Environ Innov Soc Transit"},{"issue":"1","key":"74_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.03.008","volume":"245","author":"C Stummer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stummer C, Kiesling E, G\u00fcnther M, Vetschera R (2015) Innovation diffusion of repeat purchase products in a competitive market: an agent-based simulation approach. Eur J Oper Res 245(1):157\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.03.008","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"74_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2014.2","volume":"8","author":"C Swinerd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Swinerd C, McNaught KR (2014) Simulating the diffusion of technological innovation with an integrated hybrid agent-based system dynamics model. J Simul 8(3):231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jos.2014.2","journal-title":"J Simul"},{"issue":"2","key":"74_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2011.00791.x","volume":"28","author":"PS van Eck","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Eck PS, Jager W, Leeflang PSH (2011) Opinion leaders\u2019 role in innovation diffusion: a simulation study. J Prod Innov Manag 28(2):187\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2011.00791.x","journal-title":"J Prod Innov Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"74_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2008.04.011","volume":"76","author":"P Windrum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Windrum P, Ciarli T, Birchenhall C (2009) Consumer heterogeneity and the development of environmentally friendly technologies. Technol Forecast Soc Change 76(4):533\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2008.04.011","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"74_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2014.10.010","volume":"94","author":"I Wolf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wolf I, Schr\u00f6der T, Neumann J, de Haan G (2015) Changing minds about electric cars: an empirically grounded agent-based modeling approach. Technol Forecast Soc Change 94:269\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2014.10.010","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"74_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wooldridge MJ (1998) Agent technology: foundations, applications, and markets. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-03678-5. ISBN 3540635912","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03678-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"74_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2011.00790.x","volume":"28","author":"T Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang T, Nuttall WJ (2011) Evaluating government\u2019s policies on promoting smart metering diffusion in retail electricity markets via agent-based simulation*. J Prod Innov Manag 28(2):169\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2011.00790.x","journal-title":"J Prod Innov Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"74_CR43","first-page":"264","volume":"4","author":"M Zsifkovits","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zsifkovits M (2015) Agent-based modeling for simulating eco-innovation diffusion: a review on the case of green mobility. Int J Sci Res 4(8):264\u2013269","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res"}],"container-title":["Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40294-020-00074-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40294-020-00074-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40294-020-00074-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T19:07:33Z","timestamp":1631214453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40294-020-00074-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["74"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40294-020-00074-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-16390\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-16390\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-47351\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2194-3206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-3206","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8"}}