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Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This work investigates how non-intrusive local\/global coupling strategies can be applied in the context of robust design. The objective is to propagate uncertainties from the local to the global scale using non-intrusive techniques, in order to estimate how local variabilities impact global quantities. Several uncertainty propagation methods, including perturbation techniques, polynomial chaos expansions, and Monte-Carlo simulations, are tested and compared on academic examples. Depending on the level of uncertainty, perturbation methods and non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansions appear particularly effective. A key issue in extending the approach to more complex and computationally intensive problems is the ability to exploit non-converged solutions to approach robust design configurations. A preliminary step in this direction is proposed at the end of the paper and provides a good basis for future work on more complex and realistic problems with associated challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40323-025-00302-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T09:39:03Z","timestamp":1752658743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Local\/global non-intrusive coupling strategy for robust design: a first attempt"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Karaouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Chamoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Allix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Guinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"302_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2004.10.007","volume":"83","author":"C Zang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zang C, Friswell M, Mottershead JE. 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