{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:14:42Z","timestamp":1740172482122,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Sociedade Brasileira de Computacao - SB","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Softw Eng Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s40411-018-0055-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T03:35:27Z","timestamp":1537414527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Actor\u2019s social complexity: a proposal for managing the iStar model"],"prefix":"10.5753","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6229-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Penha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celso S\u00e1","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3742","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"55_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77990-2_11","volume-title":"Integration of Aspects with i* Models","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alencar, F, Castro J, Moreira A, Ara\u00fajo J, Silva C, Ramos R, Mylopoulos J (2008) Integration of Aspects with i* Models(Kolp M, Henderson-Sellers B, Mouratidis H, Garcia A, Ghose AK, Bresciani P, eds.), Vol. 4898. Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-77990-2_11."},{"key":"55_CR2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International i* Workshop. iStar\u201908. CEUR Workshop Proceedings","author":"MC Annosi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Annosi, MC, De Pascale A, Gross D, Eric SK (2008) Analyzing software process alignment with organizational business strategies using an agent-and goal-oriented analysis technique-an experience report In: Proceedings of the 3rd International i* Workshop. iStar\u201908. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 9\u201312.. CEUR-WS.org, Recife. ISSN: 1613-0073."},{"key":"55_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1145\/1774088.1774150","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. SAC\u201910","author":"F Alencar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alencar, F, Castro J, Lucena M, Santos E, Silva C, Ara\u00fajo J, Moreira A (2010) Towards modular i* models In: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. SAC\u201910, 292\u2013297.. ACM, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1774088.1774150."},{"key":"55_CR4","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International i* Workshop. iStar 2015. CEUR Workshop Proceedings","author":"V Abdelzad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdelzad, V, Amyot D, Alwidian SA, Lethbridge T (2015) A textual syntax with tool support for the goal-oriented requirement language In: Proceedings of the Eighth International i* Workshop. iStar 2015. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 61\u201366.. CEUR-WS.org, Ottawa. ISSN: 1613-0073."},{"key":"55_CR5","first-page":"84","volume":"149","author":"CY Baldwin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baldwin, CY, Clark KB (2003) Managing in an age of modularity. Manag Modular Age: Architectures Netw Organ 149:84\u201393.","journal-title":"Manag Modular Age: Architectures Netw Organ"},{"key":"55_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-32834-3_9","volume-title":"Modularity in the design of complex engineering systems","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baldwin, CY, Clark KB (2006) Modularity in the design of complex engineering systems(Braha D, Minai A, Bar-Yam Y, eds.). Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-32834-3_9."},{"issue":"1","key":"55_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794106058877","volume":"6","author":"A Bryman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bryman, A (2006) Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done?Qual Res 6(1):97\u2013113.","journal-title":"Qual Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"55_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2008.01.002","volume":"71","author":"J Barjis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barjis, J (2008) The importance of business process modeling in software systems design. Sci Comput Program 71(1):73\u201387.","journal-title":"Sci Comput Program"},{"key":"55_CR9","unstructured":"Boucher, Q, Classen A, Faber P, Heymans P (2010) Introducing tvl, a text-based feature modelling language In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-intensive Systems, VaMoS\u201910, 27\u201329, Linz."},{"issue":"3","key":"55_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2298837","volume":"10","author":"O Bello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bello, O, Zeadally S (2013) Intelligent device-to-device communication in the internet of things. IEEE Syst J 10(3):1172\u20131182.","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"key":"55_CR11","volume-title":"Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches","author":"J Creswell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Creswell, J (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, USA."},{"key":"55_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-05352-8_5","volume-title":"The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. PoEM 2009. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","author":"JP Carvallo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carvallo, JP, Franch X (2009) On the use of i* for architecting hybrid systems: A method and an evaluation report. In: Persson A Stirna J (eds)The Practice of Enterprise Modeling. PoEM 2009. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 38\u201353.. Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-05352-8_5."},{"issue":"12","key":"55_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2010.10.005","volume":"76","author":"A Classen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Classen, A, Boucher Q, Heymans P (2011) A text-based approach to feature modelling: Syntax and semantics of tvl. Sci Comput Program 76(12):1130\u20131143.","journal-title":"Sci Comput Program"},{"key":"55_CR14","unstructured":"Cavalcanti, PDL (2015) Mapeamento sistem\u00e1tico sobre escalabilidade do i* (istar). Master\u2019s thesis, FCT-UNL, Recife, Pernabumco."},{"key":"55_CR15","unstructured":"Dalpiaz, F, Franch X, Horkoff J (2016) istar 2.0 language guide. arXiv preprint. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1605.07767. Accessed 23 May 2018."},{"key":"55_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/REV.2006.10","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Requirements Engineering Visualization. REV\u201906","author":"N Ernst","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ernst, N, Yu Y, Mylopoulos J (2006) Visualizing non-functional requirements In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Requirements Engineering Visualization. REV\u201906, 2\u20132.. IEEE, Minneapolis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/REV.2006.10."},{"issue":"7","key":"55_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2010.08.035","volume":"253","author":"L Engelen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engelen, L, van den Brand M (2010) Integrating textual and graphical modelling languages. Electron Notes Theor Comput Sci 253(7):105\u2013120.","journal-title":"Electron Notes Theor Comput Sci"},{"key":"55_CR18","unstructured":"Esquivel, HE (2008) A service-oriented approach for the i * framework. PhD thesis, Valencia University of Technolog."},{"key":"55_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13094-6_34","volume-title":"Advanced Information Systems Engineering. CAiSE 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"X Franch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franch, X (2010) Incorporating Modules into the i* Framework. In: Pernici B (ed)Advanced Information Systems Engineering. CAiSE 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 439\u2013454.. Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-13094-6_34."},{"key":"55_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/RCIS.2012.6240418","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science. RCIS 2012","author":"Franch, X","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franch, X (2012) The i* framework: The way ahead In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science. RCIS 2012, 1\u20133.. IEEE, Valencia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RCIS.2012.6240418."},{"key":"55_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19440-5_25","volume-title":"Software Language Engineering. SLE 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"N Genon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Genon, N, Heymans P, Amyot D (2011) Analysing the cognitive effectiveness of the BPMN 2.0 visual notation. In: Malloy B, Staab S, van den Brand M (eds)Software Language Engineering. SLE 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 377\u2013396.. Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-19440-5_25."},{"issue":"7","key":"55_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","volume":"29","author":"J Gubbi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gubbi, J, Buyya R, Marusic S, Palaniswami M (2013) Internet of things (iot): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Futur Gener Comput Syst 29(7):1645\u20131660.","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"55_CR23","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6nninger, H, Krahn H, Rumpe B, Schindler M, V\u00f6lkel S (2014) Textbased modeling. arXiv preprint. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1409.6623. Accessed 23 May 2018."},{"key":"55_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.11.023","volume":"137","author":"E Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, E, Castro J, Ara\u00fajo J, Heineck T (2018) A systematic literature review of istar extensions. J Syst Softw 137:1\u201333.","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"key":"55_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horkoff, J, Yu E (2010) Visualizations to support interactive goal model analysis In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Requirements Engineering Visualization. REV 2010, 1\u201310, Sydney. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/REV.2010.5625664.","DOI":"10.1109\/REV.2010.5625664"},{"key":"55_CR26","unstructured":"I* Wiki. http:\/\/istar.rwth-aachen.de\/tiki-index.php?page=iStar+2.0+Core+Language. Accessed 23 May 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"55_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2681(02)00056-2","volume":"49","author":"RN Langlois","year":"2002","unstructured":"Langlois, RN (2002) Modularity in technology and organization. J Econ Behav Organ 49(1):19\u201337.","journal-title":"J Econ Behav Organ"},{"key":"55_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1145\/1982185.1982337","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. SAC \u201911","author":"M Lucena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lucena, M, Castro J, Silva C, Alencar F, Santos E (2011) Stream: a strategy for transition between requirements models and architectural models In: Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. SAC \u201911, 699\u2013704.. ACM, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1982185.1982337."},{"key":"55_CR29","first-page":"289","volume":"45","author":"P Lima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lima, P, Vilela J, Goncalves E, Pimentel J, Holanda A, Castro J, Alencar F, Lencastre M (2016) Scalability of iStar: a Systematic Mapping Study. Wer 45:289\u2013302.","journal-title":"Wer"},{"key":"55_CR30","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 Workshop Databases, texts, specifications, and objects. DATESO 2012. CEUR Workshop Proceedings","author":"M Mazanec","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mazanec, M, Macek O (2012) On general-purpose textual modeling languages In: Proceedings of the 2012 Workshop Databases, texts, specifications, and objects. DATESO 2012. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1\u201312.. CEUR-WS.org, Zernov. ISSN: 1613-0073."},{"key":"55_CR31","volume-title":"Smilecompiler: Um analisador sintatico e semaantico para notacao textual de modelos istar","author":"ADC Medeiros","year":"2017","unstructured":"Medeiros, ADC (2017) Smilecompiler: Um analisador sintatico e semaantico para notacao textual de modelos istar. Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em engenharia de software - tcc, Natal."},{"key":"55_CR32","unstructured":"Nunes, CM (2009) Uma linguagem de dom\u00ednio espec\u00edfico para a framework i. Master\u2019s thesis. FCT-UNL."},{"issue":"3","key":"55_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.09.023","volume":"85","author":"A Ottensooser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ottensooser, A, Fekete A, Reijers HA, Mendling J, Menictas C (2012) Making sense of business process descriptions: An experimental comparison of graphical and textual notations. J Syst Softw 85(3):596\u2013606.","journal-title":"J Syst Softw"},{"issue":"12","key":"55_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1145\/361598.361623","volume":"15","author":"DL Parnas","year":"1972","unstructured":"Parnas, DL (1972) On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules. Commun ACM 15(12):1053\u20131058.","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"3","key":"55_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1037\/h0084295","volume":"45","author":"A Paivio","year":"1991","unstructured":"Paivio, A (1991) Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Can J Psychol 45(3):255\u2013287.","journal-title":"Can J Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"55_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/203241.203251","volume":"38","author":"M Petre","year":"1995","unstructured":"Petre, M (1995) Why looking isn\u2019t always seeing: readership skills and graphical programming. Commun ACM 38(6):33\u201344.","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"55_CR37","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Proceedings of the XX Iberoamerican Conference on Software Engineering. CIbSE 2017","author":"F Penha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Penha, F, Lucena M, Lucena L, Alencar F, S\u00e1 Filho C (2017) Uma nota\u00e7\u00e3o Textual Modular Escal\u00e1vel para Modelos de Requisitos IStar. Paper presented at the 20th Workshop on Requirements Engineering - WER, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Argentina, Buenos Aires, May 22-23, 2017 In: Proceedings of the XX Iberoamerican Conference on Software Engineering. CIbSE 2017, 347\u2013360.. Curran Associates, Buenos Aires. ISBN 978-99967-839-2-0."},{"key":"55_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85758-7_5","volume-title":"Business Process Management. BPM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"H Reijers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reijers, H, Mendling J (2008) Modularity in process models: Review and effects. In: Dumas M, Reichert M, Shan MC (eds)Business Process Management. BPM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 20\u201335.. Springer, Berlin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-85758-7_5."},{"key":"55_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1109\/VL.1996.545307","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages. VL 1996","author":"B Shneiderman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B (1996) The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations In: Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages. VL 1996, 336\u2013343.. IEEE, Boulder. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VL.1996.545307."},{"issue":"3","key":"55_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022193728205","volume":"10","author":"J Sweller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sweller, J, Van Merrienboer JJ, Paas FG (1998) Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educ Psychol Rev 10(3):251\u2013296.","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"55_CR41","volume-title":"Software Engineering","author":"I Sommerville","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sommerville, I (2010) Software Engineering. 9th. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, USA."},{"key":"55_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2013.6613831","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Program Comprehension. ICPC 2013","author":"Z Sharafi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharafi, Z, Marchetto A, Susi A, Antoniol G, Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc Y (2013) An empirical study on the efficiency of graphical vs. textual representations in requirements comprehension In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Program Comprehension. ICPC 2013, 33\u201342.. IEEE, San Francisco. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPC.2013.6613831."},{"key":"55_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46397-1_12","volume-title":"Conceptual modeling. ER 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"L Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silva, L, Moreira A, Ara\u00fajo J, Gralha C, Goul\u00e3o M, Amaral V (2016) Exploring views for goal-oriented requirements comprehension. In: Comyn-Wattiau I, Tanaka K, Song IY, Yamamoto S, Saeki M (eds)Conceptual modeling. ER 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 149\u2013163.. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-46397-1_12."},{"key":"55_CR44","unstructured":"Yu, ES-K (1996) Modelling strategic relationships for process reengineering. PhD thesis, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Canada. UMI Order No. GAXNN-02887 (Canadian dissertation)."},{"issue":"c","key":"55_CR45","first-page":"99","volume":"5600 LNCS","author":"ES Yu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yu, ES (2009) Social modeling and i*. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes). Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinforma 5600 LNCS(c):99\u2013121.","journal-title":"Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinforma"},{"key":"55_CR46","first-page":"2011","volume":"11","author":"E Yu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yu, E (2011) Modelling strategic relationships for process reengineering. Soc Model Requir Eng 11:2011.","journal-title":"Soc Model Requir Eng"},{"key":"55_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/VISSOFT.2013.6650526","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization. VISSOFT 2013","author":"J Zhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhi, J, Ruhe G (2013) Devis: A tool for visualizing software document evolution In: Proceedings of the First IEEE Working Conference on Software Visualization. VISSOFT 2013, 1\u20134.. IEEE, Eindhoven. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VISSOFT.2013.6650526."}],"container-title":["Journal of Software Engineering Research and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40411-018-0055-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40411-018-0055-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40411-018-0055-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T11:34:06Z","timestamp":1563276846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jserd.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40411-018-0055-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["55"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40411-018-0055-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2195-1721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2195-1721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]]},"article-number":"11"}}