{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:33:56Z","timestamp":1772246036518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Big Data"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0168-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T07:17:31Z","timestamp":1547450251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Detecting and understanding urban changes through decomposing the numbers of visitors\u2019 arrivals using human mobility data"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Takashi Nicholas","family":"Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narushige","family":"Shiode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Sakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"168_CR1","volume-title":"New approaches to understanding travel behaviour: the human activity approach","author":"PM Jones","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jones PM. New approaches to understanding travel behaviour: the human activity approach. Oxford: Oxford University; 1977."},{"issue":"2","key":"168_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014247822322","volume":"29","author":"KW Axhausen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Axhausen KW, Zimmermann A, Sch\u00f6nfelder S, Rindsf\u00fcser G, Haupt T. Observing the rhythms of daily life: a six-week travel diary. Transportation. 2002;29(2):95\u2013124.","journal-title":"Transportation"},{"issue":"3","key":"168_CR3","first-page":"38","volume":"5","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Capra L, Wolfson O, Yang H. Urban computing: concepts, methodologies, and applications. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol. 2014;5(3):38\u201313855.","journal-title":"ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol"},{"key":"168_CR4","volume-title":"Big data in action for development","author":"World Bank","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Bank. Big data in action for development. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2014."},{"key":"168_CR5","volume-title":"Big data for development: challenges and opportunities","author":"United Nations Global Pulse","year":"2012","unstructured":"United Nations Global Pulse. Big data for development: challenges and opportunities. New York: UN Global Pulse; 2012."},{"key":"168_CR6","volume-title":"Mobile phone network data for development","author":"United Nations Global Pulse","year":"2013","unstructured":"United Nations Global Pulse. Mobile phone network data for development. New York: UN Global Pulse; 2013."},{"key":"168_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith C, Quercia D, Capra L. Finger on the pulse: identifying deprivation using transit flow analysis. In: Proceedings of the 2013 conference on computer supported cooperative work. CSCW \u201913. New York: ACM. 2013, p. 683\u2013692.","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441852"},{"issue":"2","key":"168_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.2011.643209","volume":"18","author":"JE Blumenstock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blumenstock JE. Inferring patterns of internal migration from mobile phone call records: evidence from rwanda. Inf Technol Dev. 2012;18(2):107\u201325.","journal-title":"Inf Technol Dev"},{"key":"168_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.02.018","volume":"58","author":"L Alexander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alexander L, Jiang S, Murga M, Gonz\u00e1lez MC. Origin\u2013destination trips by purpose and time of day inferred from mobile phone data. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol. 2015;58:240\u201350.","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"168_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2015.11.015","volume":"83","author":"G Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han G, Sohn K. Activity imputation for trip-chains elicited from smart-card data using a continuous hidden markov model. Transp Res Part B Methodol. 2016;83:121\u201335.","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"168_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12469-013-0077-5","volume":"6","author":"SG Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee SG, Hickman M. Trip purpose inference using automated fare collection data. Public Transp. 2014;6(1):1\u201320.","journal-title":"Public Transp"},{"key":"168_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.12.016","volume":"87","author":"A Alsger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alsger A, Tavassoli A, Mesbah M, Ferreira L, Hickman M. Public transport trip purpose inference using smart card fare data. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol. 2018;87:123\u201337.","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"168_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2016.06.004","volume":"57","author":"N Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu N, Legara EF, Lee KK, Hung GG, Monterola C. Impacts of land use and amenities on public transport use, urban planning and design. Land Use Policy. 2016;57:356\u201367.","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"168_CR14","unstructured":"Wang P, Fu Y, Liu G, Hu W, Aggarwal C. Human mobility synchronization and trip purpose detection with mixture of hawkes processes. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining. KDD \u201917. New York: ACM .2017 , p. 495\u2013503."},{"key":"168_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2014.05.005","volume":"23","author":"D Yao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yao D, Yu C, Jin H, Ding Q. Human mobility synthesis using matrix and tensor factorizations. Inf Fusion. 2015;23:25\u201332.","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"issue":"12","key":"168_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6120394","volume":"6","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Fang Z, Zhan Q, Huang Y, Fu X. Inferring social functions available in the metro station area from passengers\u2019 staying activities in smart card data. ISPRS Int J Geo Inf. 2017;6(12):394.","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo Inf"},{"issue":"3","key":"168_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2008.11.004","volume":"17","author":"W Bohte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bohte W, Maat K. Deriving and validating trip purposes and travel modes for multi-day gps-based travel surveys: a large-scale application in the netherlands. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol. 2009;17(3):285\u201397.","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"168_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27103","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2766237","volume":"5","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang J, Kong X, Rahim A, Xia F, Tolba A, Al-Makhadmeh Z. Is2fun: identification of subway station functions using massive urban data. IEEE Access. 2017;5:27103\u201313.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"168_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.08.008","volume":"71","author":"G Xiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao G, Juan Z, Zhang C. Detecting trip purposes from smartphone-based travel surveys with artificial neural networks and particle swarm optimization. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol. 2016;71:447\u201363.","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"168_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2014.07.004","volume":"48","author":"C Zhong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhong C, Huang X, Arisona SM, Schmitt G, Batty M. Inferring building functions from a probabilistic model using public transportation data. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2014;48:124\u201337.","journal-title":"Comput Environ Urban Syst"},{"key":"168_CR21","unstructured":"Le Q, Mikolov T. Distributed representations of sentences and documents. In: International conference on machine learning. 2014, p. 1188\u20131196."},{"key":"168_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2015.02.005","volume":"53","author":"Y Long","year":"2015","unstructured":"Long Y, Thill J-C. Combining smart card data and household travel survey to analyze jobs\u2013housing relationships in beijing. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2015;53:19\u201335.","journal-title":"Comput Environ Urban Syst"},{"key":"168_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishi K, Tsubouchi K, Shimosaka M. Extracting land-use patterns using location data from smartphones. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on IoT in urban space. URB-IOT \u201914. 2014, p. 38\u201343.","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.urb-iot.2014.257220"},{"key":"168_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2014.06.019","volume":"35","author":"V Frias-Martinez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frias-Martinez V, Frias-Martinez E. Spectral clustering for sensing urban land use using twitter activity. Eng Appl Artif Intell. 2014;35:237\u201345.","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"168_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.12.001","volume":"160","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu X, Li X, Liu X, Yao Y, Hu G, Xu X, Pei F. Delineating urban functional areas with building-level social media data: a dynamic time warping (dtw) distance based k-medoids method. Landsc Urban Plan. 2017;160:48\u201360.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"168_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan Z, Song X, Shibasaki R. Cityspectrum: a non-negative tensor factorization approach. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing. UbiComp \u201914. New York: ACM. 2014, p. 213\u2013223.","DOI":"10.1145\/2632048.2636073"},{"key":"168_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470747278","volume-title":"Nonnegative matrix and tensor factorizations: applications to exploratory multi-way data analysis and blind source separation","author":"A Cichocki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cichocki A, Zdunek R, Phan AH, Amari S-i. Nonnegative matrix and tensor factorizations: applications to exploratory multi-way data analysis and blind source separation. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2009."},{"key":"168_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11116-2_9","volume-title":"Web technologies and applications","author":"J Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang J, Gao F, Cui P, Li C, Xiong Z. Discovering urban spatio-temporal structure from time-evolving traffic networks. In: Chen L, Jia Y, Sellis T, Liu G, editors. Web technologies and applications. Cham: Springer; 2014. p. 93\u2013104."},{"issue":"11","key":"168_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.914521","volume":"28","author":"C Zhong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhong C, Arisona SM, Huang X, Batty M, Schmitt G. Detecting the dynamics of urban structure through spatial network analysis. Int J Geogr Inf Sci. 2014;28(11):2178\u201399.","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"168_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098015601599","volume":"54","author":"C Zhong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhong C, Schl\u00e4pfer M, Arisona SM, Batty M, Ratti C, Schmitt G. Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns. Urban Stud. 2017;54(2):437\u201355.","journal-title":"Urban Stud"},{"key":"168_CR31","first-page":"556","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems 13","author":"DD Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee DD, Seung HS. Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. In: Leen TK, Dietterich TG, Tresp V, editors. Advances in neural information processing systems 13. Massachusetts: MIT Press; 2001. p. 556\u201362."},{"issue":"5","key":"168_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2013.2239990","volume":"21","author":"H Sawada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sawada H, Kameoka H, Araki S, Ueda N. Multichannel extensions of non-negative matrix factorization with complex-valued data. IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process. 2013;21(5):971\u201382.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"168_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2008.04-08-771","volume":"21","author":"C F\u00e9votte","year":"2009","unstructured":"F\u00e9votte C, Bertin N, Durrieu J-L. Nonnegative matrix factorization with the itakura-saito divergence: with application to music analysis. Neural Comput. 2009;21(3):793\u2013830.","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"168_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2006.1599387","volume":"18","author":"J Takeuchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takeuchi J, Yamanishi K. A unifying framework for detecting outliers and change points from time series. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng. 2006;18(4):482\u201392.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"168_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/sam.10124","volume":"5","author":"Y Kawahara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kawahara Y, Sugiyama M. Sequential change-point detection based on direct density-ratio estimation. Stat Anal Data Min. 2012;5(2):114\u201327.","journal-title":"Stat Anal Data Min"},{"issue":"505","key":"168_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2013.849605","volume":"109","author":"DS Matteson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matteson DS, James NA. A nonparametric approach for multiple change point analysis of multivariate data. J Am Stat Assoc. 2014;109(505):334\u201345.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"168_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1109\/18.61115","volume":"37","author":"J Lin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lin J. Divergence measures based on the shannon entropy. IEEE Trans Inf Theory. 1991;37(1):145\u201351.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"168_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694","volume":"22","author":"S Kullback","year":"1951","unstructured":"Kullback S, Leibler RA. On information and sufficiency. Ann Math Stat. 1951;22(1):79\u201386.","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"168_CR39","unstructured":"The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan. Person trip data in the western area in Japan (Written in Japanese), \n                    https:\/\/www.kkr.mlit.go.jp\/plan\/pt\/index.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 12 Sept 2018."}],"container-title":["Journal of Big Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40537-019-0168-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40537-019-0168-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40537-019-0168-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T19:08:22Z","timestamp":1578942502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalofbigdata.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40537-019-0168-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40537-019-0168-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-1115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-1115","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"4"}}