{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:56:15Z","timestamp":1782921375755,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002385","name":"Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MO 002-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO 002-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MO 001-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO 001-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Big Data"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explores tweets from Oct 2008 to Oct 2018 related to halal tourism. The tweets were extracted from twitter and underwent various cleaning processes. A total of 33,880 tweets were used for analysis. Analysis intended to (1) identify the topics users tweet about regarding halal tourism, and (2) analyze the emotion-based sentiment of the tweets. To identify and analyze the topics, the study used a word list, concordance graphs, semantic network analysis, and topic-modeling approaches. The NRC emotion lexicon was used to examine the sentiment of the tweets. The analysis illustrated that the word \u201chalal\u201d occurred in the highest number of tweets and was primarily associated with the words \u201cfood\u201d and \u201chotel\u201d. It was also observed that non-Muslim countries such as Japan and Thailand appear to be popular as halal tourist destinations. Sentiment analysis found that there were more positive than negative sentiments among the tweets. The findings have shown that halal tourism is a global market and not only restricted to Muslim countries. Thus, industry players should take the opportunity to use social media to their advantage to promote their halal tourism packages as it is an effective method of communication in this decade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-021-00463-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T13:02:53Z","timestamp":1621688573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Exploring halal tourism tweets on social media"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Feizollah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8989-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainin","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zalina","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Firdaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/1470785318771451","volume":"61","author":"MM Mostafa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mostafa MM. Clustering halal food consumers: a Twitter sentiment analysis. Int J Mark Res. 2019;61(3):320\u201337.","journal-title":"Int J Mark Res"},{"key":"463_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rammal HG, Zurbruegg R. Awareness of Islamic banking products among Muslims: the case of Australia. In: Islamic finance. 2016; Springer. p. 141\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30918-7_9"},{"key":"463_CR3","unstructured":"The Chemical Engineer, A future in halal cosmetics. 2010 (827): p. 12\u201324. Available at https:\/\/www.thechemicalengineer.com\/magazine\/issues\/issue-827\/."},{"issue":"1713","key":"463_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"274","author":"AB Bin Abdullah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bin Abdullah AB. Halal vaccine and the ethical dimension of vaccination programmes. Islam Civilis Renew. 2014;274(1713):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Islam Civilis Renew"},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3727\/108354210X12864727453304","volume":"15","author":"MM Battour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Battour MM, Ismail MN, Battor M. Toward a halal tourism market. Tour Anal. 2010;15(4):461\u201370.","journal-title":"Tour Anal"},{"issue":"2","key":"463_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.22452\/js.vol23no2.1","volume":"23","author":"Z Zakaria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zakaria Z, Ismail SZ. Perkembangan pengaturan halal menerusi akta perihal dagangaN 2011 di Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah. 2015;23(2):189\u2013206.","journal-title":"Jurnal Syariah"},{"key":"463_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2015.12.008","volume":"19","author":"M Battour","year":"2016","unstructured":"Battour M, Ismail MN. Halal tourism: Concepts, practises, challenges and future. Tour Manag Perspect. 2016;19:150\u20134.","journal-title":"Tour Manag Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR8","first-page":"13","volume":"2","author":"MJ Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed MJ, Akbaba A. The potential of halal tourism in Ethiopia: opportunities, challenges and prospects. Uluslararas\u0131 G\u00fcncel Turizm Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi. 2018;2(1):13\u201322.","journal-title":"Uluslararas\u0131 G\u00fcncel Turizm Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2013.08.011","volume":"44","author":"J Jafari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jafari J, Scott N. Muslim world and its tourisms. Ann Tour Res. 2014;44(1):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Ann Tour Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"463_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"M Carboni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carboni M, Perelli C, Sistu G. Is Islamic tourism a viable option for Tunisian tourism? Insights from Djerba. Tour Manag Perspect. 2014;11(7):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Tour Manag Perspect"},{"issue":"16","key":"463_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"Y Yagmur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yagmur Y, Ehtiyar R, Aksu A. Evaluation of halal tourism in terms of bibliometric characteristics. J Islam Market. 2019;11(6):1\u201317.","journal-title":"J Islam Market"},{"key":"463_CR12","unstructured":"Sahida W et al. The implementation of shariah compliance concept hotel: De Palma Hotel Ampang, Malaysia. In: 2nd international conference on humanities, historical and social sciences. Citeseer; 2011."},{"issue":"12","key":"463_CR13","first-page":"3938","volume":"3","author":"T Islam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Islam T, Chandrasekaran U. Halal marketing: growing the pie. Int J Manag Res Rev. 2013;3(12):3938.","journal-title":"Int J Manag Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.31580\/jei.v6i4.1052","volume":"6","author":"NZM Salleh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salleh NZM, et al. Challenges in implementing Islamic friendly hotel in Malaysia. J Econ Info. 2019;6(4):15\u20137.","journal-title":"J Econ Info"},{"issue":"6","key":"463_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.824","volume":"13","author":"M Battour","year":"2011","unstructured":"Battour M, Ismail MN, Battor M. The impact of destination attributes on Muslim tourist\u2019s choice. Int J Tour Res. 2011;13(6):527\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Tour Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"HE Saad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saad HE, Ali BN. Sharia-compliant hotels in Egypt: concept and chanllenges. Adv Hosp Tour Res. 2014;2(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Adv Hosp Tour Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"463_CR17","first-page":"206","volume":"7","author":"A Bastaman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bastaman A. Lombok Islamic tourism attractiveness: non-moslem perspectives. Int J Supply Chain Manag. 2018;7(2):206\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Supply Chain Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"H Ristawati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ristawati H, Saufi A, Rinuastuti BH. Effect of customer experience and innovative value on halal destination image and satisfaction of domestic tourists in Lombok Island. Glob J Manag Bus. 2019;19(3):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Glob J Manag Bus"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6030085","volume":"6","author":"V Heikinheimo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heikinheimo V, et al. User-generated geographic information for visitor monitoring in a national park: a comparison of social media data and visitor survey. Int J Geo-Inf. 2017;6(3):85\u2013100.","journal-title":"Int J Geo-Inf"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83354","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2923275","volume":"7","author":"A Feizollah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feizollah A, et al. Halal products on Twitter: data extraction and sentiment analysis using stack of deep learning algorithms. IEEE Access. 2019;7(3):83354\u201362.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"463_CR21","first-page":"100503","volume":"18","author":"A Moshin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moshin A, Brochado A, Rodrigues H. Halal tourism is traveling fast: Community perceptions and implications. J Destin Market Manag. 2020;18(5):100503\u201320.","journal-title":"J Destin Market Manag"},{"key":"463_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2015.12.010","volume":"19","author":"A Mohsin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohsin A, Ramli N, Alkhulayfi BA. Halal tourism: emerging opportunities. Tour Manag Perspect. 2016;19:137\u201343.","journal-title":"Tour Manag Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"463_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2020.100720","volume":"35","author":"A Papastathopoulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papastathopoulos A, Kaminakis K, Mertzanis C. What services do Muslim tourists want? Uncovering nonlinear relationships and unobserved heterogeneity. Tour Manag Perspect. 2020;35(5):100720.","journal-title":"Tour Manag Perspect"},{"key":"463_CR24","unstructured":"Fakir F, Erraoui E. Moroccan tourist\u2019s perceptions toward Halal Tourism. In: 2nd international halal tourism congress. Antalya, Turkey; 2019."},{"issue":"9","key":"463_CR25","first-page":"9","volume":"11","author":"Q Aini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aini Q, Khudzaeva E. Potential halal tourism destinations with applying K-means clustering. Int J Intell Syst Appl. 2019;11(9):9\u201317.","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCTHR-05-2014-0036","volume":"9","author":"M Shakona","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shakona M, et al. Understanding the traveling behavior of Muslims in the United States. Int J Cult Tour Hosp Res. 2015;9(1):22\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Cult Tour Hosp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"463_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2019.1687535","volume":"25","author":"X Jia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jia X, Chaozhi Z. \u201cHalal tourism\u201d: is it the same trend in non-Islamic destinations with Islamic destinations? Asia Pac J Tour Res. 2020;25(2):189\u2013204.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Tour Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"463_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2019.1616678","volume":"23","author":"MT Mannaa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mannaa MT. Halal food in the tourist destination and its importance for Muslim travellers. Curr Issue Tour. 2020;23(17):2195\u2013206.","journal-title":"Curr Issue Tour"},{"issue":"2","key":"463_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"D Suhartanto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suhartanto D, et al. Tourist experience in Halal tourism: what leads to loyalty? Curr Issue Tour. 2020;3(2):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Curr Issue Tour"},{"key":"463_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.10.010","volume":"71","author":"H Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han H, et al. Exploring halal-friendly destination attributes in South Korea: perceptions and behaviors of Muslim travelers toward a non-Muslim destination. Tour Manage. 2019;71:151\u201364.","journal-title":"Tour Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"A Jaelani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaelani A. Halal tourism industry in Indonesia: potential and prospects. Int Rev Manag Mark. 2017;7(3):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Int Rev Manag Mark"},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.04.006","volume":"68","author":"S Yousaf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yousaf S, Xiucheng F. Halal culinary and tourism marketing strategies on government websites: a preliminary analysis. Tour Manage. 2018;68(4):423\u201343.","journal-title":"Tour Manage"},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR33","first-page":"51","volume":"13","author":"A Al-Ansi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Ansi A, Han H. Role of halal-friendly destination performances, value, satisfaction, and trust in generating destination image and loyalty. J Destin Market Manag. 2019;13(4):51\u201360.","journal-title":"J Destin Market Manag"},{"issue":"6","key":"463_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2019.1631940","volume":"36","author":"Y Jeaheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeaheng Y, Al-Ansi A, Han H. Halal-friendly hotels: Impact of halal-friendly attributes on guest purchase behaviors in the Thailand hotel industry. J Travel Tour Mark. 2019;36(6):729\u201346.","journal-title":"J Travel Tour Mark"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmp.2016.08.004","volume":"20","author":"H Oktadiana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oktadiana H, Pearce PL, Chon K. Muslim travellers\u2019 needs: what don\u2019t we know? Tour Manag Perspect. 2016;20(3):124\u201330.","journal-title":"Tour Manag Perspect"},{"key":"463_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prameswari P, Surjandari I, Laoh E. Mining online reviews in Indonesia's priority tourist destinations using sentiment analysis and text summarization approach. In: 2017 IEEE 8th international conference on awareness science and technology (iCAST), Taichung, Taiwan: IEEE; 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAwST.2017.8256429"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.010","volume":"89","author":"TT Nguyen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, et al. Twitter-derived measures of sentiment towards minorities (2015\u20132016) and associations with low birth weight and preterm birth in the United States. Comput Hum Behav. 2018;89(3):308\u201315.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"55","key":"463_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2016.02.001","volume":"2016","author":"K Philander","year":"2016","unstructured":"Philander K, Zhong Y. Twitter sentiment analysis: capturing sentiment from integrated resort tweets. Int J Hosp Manag. 2016;2016(55):16\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Hosp Manag"},{"key":"463_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.12.036","volume":"73","author":"N Oliveira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira N, Cortez P, Areal N. The impact of microblogging data for stock market prediction: using Twitter to predict returns, volatility, trading volume and survey sentiment indices. Expert Syst Appl. 2017;73:125\u201344.","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"463_CR40","unstructured":"Sehl, K. Top Twitter demographics that matter to social media marketers. 2020 [cited 2020 1st November]. https:\/\/blog.hootsuite.com\/twitter-demographics\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2014.907699","volume":"66","author":"M Graham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Graham M, Hale SA, Gaffney D. Where in the world are you? Geolocation and language identification in Twitter. Prof Geogr. 2014;66(4):568\u201378.","journal-title":"Prof Geogr"},{"issue":"8","key":"463_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.12.022","volume":"61","author":"M Geetha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geetha M, Singha P, Sinha S. Relationship between customer sentiment and online customer ratings for hotels-An empirical analysis. Tour Manage. 2017;61(8):43\u201354.","journal-title":"Tour Manage"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2017.1348881","volume":"25","author":"J Jiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiao J, Holmes M, Griffin GP. Revisiting image of the city in cyberspace: analysis of spatial Twitter messages during a special event. J Urban Technol. 2018;25(3):65\u201382.","journal-title":"J Urban Technol"},{"key":"463_CR44","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria; 2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"463_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"1695","author":"G Csardi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Csardi G, Nepusz T. The igraph software package for complex network research. Int J Complex Syst. 2006;1695(5):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Complex Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.01.016","volume":"51","author":"DE O'Leary","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary DE. Blog mining-review and extensions:\u201cFrom each according to his opinion.\u201d Decis Support Syst. 2011;51(4):821\u201330.","journal-title":"Decis Support Syst"},{"key":"463_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlow M. Software for corpus access and analysis. In: How to use corpora in language teaching. John Benjamins Publishing; 2004. p. 205\u2013221.","DOI":"10.1075\/scl.12.16bar"},{"key":"463_CR48","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Language and computers: a practical introduction to the computer analysis of language","author":"G Barnbrook","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barnbrook G. Language and computers: a practical introduction to the computer analysis of language. Edinburgh University Press; 1996. p. 65."},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/01292986.2015.1130157","volume":"26","author":"KH Kwon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwon KH, et al. Social media rumors as improvised public opinion: semantic network analyses of twitter discourses during Korean saber rattling 2013. Asian J Commun. 2016;26(3):201\u201322.","journal-title":"Asian J Commun"},{"key":"463_CR50","volume-title":"Content analysis an introduction to its methodology","author":"K Krippendorff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krippendorff K. Content analysis an introduction to its methodology. Sage publications; 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"463_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1145\/2133806.2133826","volume":"55","author":"DM Blei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blei DM. Probabilistic topic models. Commun ACM. 2012;55(4):77\u201384.","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"11","key":"463_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.05.012","volume":"100","author":"D Fischer-Pre\u00dfler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fischer-Pre\u00dfler D, Schwemmer C, Fischbach K. Collective sense-making in times of crisis: connecting terror management theory with Twitter user reactions to the Berlin terrorist attack. Comput Hum Behav. 2019;100(11):138\u201351.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"463_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(87)80084-9","volume":"2","author":"S Wold","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wold S, Esbensen K, Geladi P. Principal component analysis. Chemom Intell Lab Syst. 1987;2(1\u20133):37\u201352.","journal-title":"Chemom Intell Lab Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"463_CR54","first-page":"2579","volume":"9","author":"L Van der Maaten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van der Maaten L, Hinton G. Visualizing data using t-SNE. J Mach Learn Res. 2008;9(11):2579\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"463_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21400","volume":"61","author":"Q Miao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miao Q, Li Q, Zeng D. Fine-grained opinion mining by integrating multiple review sources. J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol. 2010;61(11):2288\u201399.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol"},{"key":"463_CR56","volume-title":"The General Inquirer: A Computer Approach to Content Analysis","author":"PJ Stone","year":"1966","unstructured":"Stone PJ, Dunphy DC, Smith MS, Ogilvie DM, and Associates. The General Inquirer: A Computer Approach to Content Analysis. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; 1966."},{"key":"463_CR57","unstructured":"Baccianella S, Esuli A, Sebastiani F. Sentiwordnet 3.0: an enhanced lexical resource for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Malta. 2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145041","volume":"54","author":"JW Pennebaker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pennebaker JW, Mehl MR, Niederhoffer KG. Psychological aspects of natural language use: our words, our selves. Annu Rev Psychol. 2003;54(1):547\u201377.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"463_CR59","unstructured":"Agerri R, Garc\u00eda-Serrano A. Q-WordNet: extracting polarity from WordNet Senses. 7th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Malta. 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1162\/0891201041850885","volume":"30","author":"J Wiebe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wiebe J, et al. Learning subjective language. Comput Linguist. 2004;30(3):277\u2013308.","journal-title":"Comput Linguist"},{"issue":"2","key":"463_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00049","volume":"37","author":"M Taboada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taboada M, et al. Lexicon-based methods for sentiment analysis. Comput Linguist. 2011;37(2):267\u2013307.","journal-title":"Comput Linguist"},{"issue":"3","key":"463_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x","volume":"29","author":"SM Mohammad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mohammad SM, Turney PD. Crowdsourcing a word\u2013emotion association lexicon. Comput Intell. 2013;29(3):436\u201365.","journal-title":"Comput Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2016.1214094","volume":"14","author":"DJS Oliveira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira DJS, Bermejo PHS, Dos Santos PA. Can social media reveal the preferences of voters? A comparison between sentiment analysis and traditional opinion polls. J Inf Technol Polit. 2017;14(1):34\u201345.","journal-title":"J Inf Technol Polit"},{"key":"463_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2013.08.008","volume":"39","author":"Y Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu Y, Yang Y, Chiu C-Y. Responses to religious norm defection: the case of Hui Chinese Muslims not following the halal diet. Int J Intercult Relat. 2014;39:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Intercult Relat"},{"issue":"1","key":"463_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2018.1510343","volume":"46","author":"C Koylu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koylu C, et al. CarSenToGram: geovisual text analytics for exploring spatiotemporal variation in public discourse on Twitter. Cartogr Geogr Inf Sci. 2019;46(1):57\u201371.","journal-title":"Cartogr Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"463_CR66","unstructured":"Engonopoulos N et al. ELS: a word-level method for entity-level sentiment analysis. In: proceedings of the international conference on web intelligence, mining and semantics. 2011."},{"key":"463_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farra N et al. Sentence-level and document-level sentiment mining for arabic texts. In: 2010 IEEE international conference on data mining workshops. IEEE; 2010.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2010.95"},{"key":"463_CR68","unstructured":"Yessenalina A, Yue Y, Cardie C. Multi-level structured models for document-level sentiment classification. In: Proceedings of the 2010 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing. Association for Computational Linguistics; 2010."},{"issue":"6","key":"463_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12058","volume":"63","author":"EJ Yuan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yuan EJ, Feng M, Danowski JA. \u201cPrivacy\u201d in semantic networks on Chinese Social Media: the case of Sina Weibo. J Commun. 2013;63(6):1011\u201331.","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"key":"463_CR70","unstructured":"Japan.halal. Halal tourism is on the increase in Japan. 2020 [cited 2020 1st November]. https:\/\/www.japan.travel\/en\/plan\/muslim-travelers\/."},{"key":"463_CR71","unstructured":"Eloksari, P.N.A.E.A. Ban on swimming? Myths hinder Indonesia\u2019s development in halal tourism. 2019 [cited 2020 1st December]. https:\/\/halalfocus.net\/ban-on-swimming-myths-hinder-indonesias-development-in-halal-tourism\/."}],"container-title":["Journal of Big Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40537-021-00463-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40537-021-00463-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40537-021-00463-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T16:16:00Z","timestamp":1675354560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalofbigdata.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40537-021-00463-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40537-021-00463-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-1115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-1115","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This research does not involve any human participants, human data, or human tissue. Data is obtained from Twitter. The data is extracted using Python script.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"72"}}