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By effectively addressing challenges in spatiotemporal datasets and improving existing benchmarks, our algorithm provides a robust solution for enhancing trajectory imputation in the context of monitoring systems potentially\u00a0across diverse\u00a0application\u00a0domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-025-01163-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T17:26:28Z","timestamp":1746811588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Data imputation in large and small-scale spatiotemporal time series gaps using BackForward Bi-LSTM"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Galdelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gagan","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Selene","family":"Tomassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna Nora","family":"Tassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1163_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fss018","volume":"69","author":"GI Lambert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lambert GI, Jennings S, Hiddink JG, Hintzen NT, Hinz H, Kaiser MJ, et al. 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