{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T09:43:40Z","timestamp":1772876620651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Smart Learn. Environ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is widely recognized that feedback is important for the improvement of second language (L2) writing skills; however, teachers are facing challenges in providing sufficient and quick feedback on students\u2019 written works. This study proposes to employ the flipped classroom approach and peer feedback in L2 writing classes. Though previous studies provided sufficient theoretical frameworks and design guidelines in both fields, there is still a lack of actionable process designs specifically for L2 writing that combine flipped learning and peer feedback. To address the aforementioned gaps, this article uses a \u2018design thinking\u2019 approach to establish a framework named the Flipped Learning Wheel (FLW), which contains the components and principles of a typical flipped learning class. To achieve collaborative and reflective learning, which have been rarely specified in previous flipped learning research, this study involves the jigsaw technique and process writing approach in the design. The paper presents a detailed explanation of the FLW implementation process in L2 writing classes that contains 18 steps. We also interviewed eight L2 writing teachers about their perceptions on the FLW framework\u2019s feasibility in practice. Respondents report that the teaching process is specific, actionable and feasible for real-life teaching, which also leaves sufficient freedom for teachers to make adjustments. However, more attention should be paid to classroom management, class size and teacher competence. The FLW framework and implementation process presented in this article can be directly used, adapted or reshaped by L2 writing teachers for students with middle and upper language ability. Future studies can also implement this process design in practice and test its impact on writing ability and engagement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-020-00121-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T10:07:53Z","timestamp":1585908473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Flipped learning wheel (FLW): a framework and process design for flipped L2 writing classes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zhanni","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"O\u2019Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.07.589","volume":"199","author":"C Alt\u0131ner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alt\u0131ner, C. (2015). Perceptions of undergraduate students about synchronous video conference-based English courses. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 627\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.07.589.","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"121_CR2","volume-title":"A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing","author":"LW Anderson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing. Abridged Edition."},{"key":"121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ansyari, M. F. (2015). Designing and evaluating a professional development programme for basic technology integration in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14742\/ajet.1675.","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.1675"},{"key":"121_CR4","unstructured":"Aronson, E. (1978). The jigsaw classroom. Sage Publications."},{"issue":"4","key":"121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1177\/014616727900500405","volume":"5","author":"E Aronson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Aronson, E., & Bridgeman, D. (1979). Jigsaw groups and the desegregated classroom: In pursuit of common goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5(4), 438\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014616727900500405.","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/elt\/54.2.153","volume":"54","author":"R Badger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Badger, R., & White, G. (2000). A process genre approach to teaching writing. ELT Journal, 54(2), 153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/elt\/54.2.153.","journal-title":"ELT Journal"},{"key":"121_CR7","volume-title":"Technology and the Curriculum: Summer 2018","author":"L Bektashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bektashi, L. (2018). Community of Inquiry Framework in online learning: Use of technology. In Technology and the Curriculum: Summer 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/elt\/ccu036","volume":"69","author":"J Berggren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berggren, J. (2014). Learning from giving feedback: A study of secondary-level students. ELT Journal, 69(1), 58\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/elt\/ccu036.","journal-title":"ELT Journal"},{"key":"121_CR9","volume-title":"International society for technology in education","author":"J Bergmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. In International society for technology in education."},{"key":"121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.03.006","volume":"86","author":"M Bower","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bower, M., Dalgarno, B., Kennedy, G. E., Lee, M. J., & Kenney, J. (2015). Design and implementation factors in blended synchronous learning environments: Outcomes from a cross-case analysis. Computers & Education, 86, 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.03.006.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"121_CR11","volume-title":"Flipping the classroom","author":"C Brame","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brame, C. (2013). Flipping the classroom. Retrieved 15 Nov, 2019, from https:\/\/cft.vanderbilt.edu\/\/cft\/guides-sub-pages\/flipping-the-classroom\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12564-010-9081-5","volume":"11","author":"C W-y Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, C. W.-y. (2010). Graduate students\u2019 self-reported perspectives regarding peer feedback and feedback from writing consultants. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(2), 151\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12564-010-9081-5.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Education Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2014.960942","volume":"29","author":"T Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, T. (2016). Technology-supported peer feedback in ESL\/EFL writing classes: A research synthesis. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(2), 365\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2014.960942.","journal-title":"Computer Assisted Language Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.02.004","volume":"48","author":"K Cho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cho, K., & Schunn, C. D. (2007). Scaffolded writing and rewriting in the discipline: A web-based reciprocal peer review system. Computers & Education, 48(3), 409\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.02.004.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 319\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249008.","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2009.12.008","volume":"38","author":"NM Diab","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diab, N. M. (2010). Effects of peer-versus self-editing on students\u2019 revision of language errors in revised drafts. System, 38(1), 85\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2009.12.008.","journal-title":"System"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.41.3.d","volume":"41","author":"A Doering","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Scharber, C., & Miller, C. (2009). Using the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge framework to design online learning environments and professional development. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 41(3), 319\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2190\/EC.41.3.d.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"121_CR18","volume-title":"Things you should know about flipped classrooms","author":"Educause","year":"2012","unstructured":"Educause. (2012). Things you should know about flipped classrooms. Retrieved 20 May, 2019, from https:\/\/www.rit.edu\/academicaffairs\/tls\/sites\/rit.edu.academicaffairs.tls\/files\/directory\/ELI7081-1.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR19","first-page":"33","volume":"13","author":"GY Ek\u015fi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ek\u015fi, G. Y. (2012). Peer review versus teacher feedback in process writing: How effective. International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 13(1), 33\u201348.","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Educational Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.15446\/profile.v19n1.53857","volume":"19","author":"S Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez, S., & Santos-Espino, J. M. (2017). Empowering pre-service teachers to produce ubiquitous flipped classes. Profile Issues in TeachersProfessional Development, 19(1), 169\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15446\/profile.v19n1.53857.","journal-title":"Profile Issues in TeachersProfessional Development"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-7516(00)00016-6","volume":"2","author":"DR Garrison","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2\u20133), 87\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1096-7516(00)00016-6.","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n3","DOI":"10.1037\/e314642005-001","volume":"1","author":"AA Goldstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goldstein, A. A., & Carr, P. G. (1996). Can students benefit from process writing? NAEPfacts, 1(3), n3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/e314642005-001.","journal-title":"NAEPfacts"},{"key":"121_CR23","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Issues in educating students with disabilities","author":"S Graham","year":"1997","unstructured":"Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1997). Whole language and process writing: Does one approach fit all. In Issues in educating students with disabilities (pp. 239\u2013258)."},{"issue":"6","key":"121_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.2010.488703","volume":"104","author":"S Graham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Graham, S., & Sandmel, K. (2011). The process writing approach: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Educational Research, 104(6), 396\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.2010.488703.","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2013.835772","volume":"34","author":"T Guasch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guasch, T., Espasa, A., Alvarez, I. M., & Kirschner, P. A. (2013). Effects of feedback on collaborative writing in an online learning environment. Distance Education, 34(3), 324\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01587919.2013.835772.","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556325.2566239","volume-title":"How video production affects student engagement: An empirical study of MOOC videos","author":"PJ Guo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo, P. J., Kim, J., & Rubin, R. (2014). How video production affects student engagement: An empirical study of MOOC videos. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Learning@ scale conference. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2556325.2566239."},{"issue":"4","key":"121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/21532974.2018.1494520","volume":"34","author":"JA Hall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hall, J. A. (2018). Flipping with the first principles of instruction: An examination of preservice teachers\u2019 technology integration development. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 34(4), 201\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21532974.2018.1494520.","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education"},{"issue":"8","key":"121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2018.1495653","volume":"27","author":"B Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, B., Hew, K. F., & Lo, C. K. (2019). Investigating the effects of gamification-enhanced flipped learning on undergraduate students\u2019 behavioral and cognitive engagement. Interactive Learning Environments, 27(8), 1106\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2018.1495653.","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/tesq.328","volume":"51","author":"HT Hung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hung, H. T. (2017). Design-based research: Redesign of an English language course using a flipped classroom approach. TESOL Quarterly, 51(1), 180\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tesq.328.","journal-title":"TESOL Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"M Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, M., Jung, E., de Siqueira, A., & Huber, L. (2016). An investigation into effective pedagogies in a flipped classroom: A case study. Journal of Distance Education (Online), 31(2), 1.","journal-title":"Journal of Distance Education (Online)"},{"key":"121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2014.04.003","volume":"22","author":"MK Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim, M. K., Kim, S. M., Khera, O., & Getman, J. (2014). The experience of three flipped classrooms in an urban university: An exploration of design principles. The Internet and Higher Education, 22, 37\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2014.04.003.","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00476.x","volume-title":"Principles and practice in second language acquisition","author":"S Krashen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00476.x."},{"key":"121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCTL.2015.7359616","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 2015 international conference on interactive Mobile communication technologies and learning (IMCL)","author":"P Lameras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lameras, P., & Moumoutzis, N. (2015). Towards the gamification of inquiry-based flipped teaching of mathematics a conceptual analysis and framework. In Paper presented at the 2015 international conference on interactive Mobile communication technologies and learning (IMCL). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IMCTL.2015.7359616."},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/1469787417740994","volume":"21","author":"S Law","year":"2017","unstructured":"Law, S., & Baer, A. (2017). Using technology and structured peer reviews to enhance students\u2019 writing. Active Learning in Higher Education, 21(1), 23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1469787417740994.","journal-title":"Active Learning in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-016-9502-1","volume":"65","author":"J Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, J., Lim, C., & Kim, H. (2017). Development of an instructional design model for flipped learning in higher education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(2), 427\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-016-9502-1.","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139524551.008","volume-title":"Second language writing: Research insights for the classroom","author":"I Leki","year":"1990","unstructured":"Leki, I. (1990). Coaching from the margins: Issues in written response. In Second language writing: Research insights for the classroom (pp. 57\u201368). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139524551.008."},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1475-1585(03)00025-0","volume":"2","author":"J Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu, J., & Sadler, R. W. (2003). The effect and affect of peer review in electronic versus traditional modes on L2 writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 2(3), 193\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1475-1585(03)00025-0.","journal-title":"Journal of English for Academic Purposes"},{"key":"121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jslw.2015.08.011","volume":"30","author":"Q Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Q., & Brown, D. (2015). Methodological synthesis of research on the effectiveness of corrective feedback in L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 30, 66\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jslw.2015.08.011.","journal-title":"Journal of Second Language Writing"},{"key":"121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18178\/ijlt.3.2.82-89","volume-title":"Using \u201cFirst Principles of Instruction\u201d to Design Mathematics Flipped Classroom for Underperforming Students","author":"CK Lo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lo, C. K., & Hew, K. F. (2017). Using \u201cFirst Principles of Instruction\u201d to Design Mathematics Flipped Classroom for Underperforming Students. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18178\/ijlt.3.2.82-89."},{"key":"121_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.12.003","volume":"118","author":"CK Lo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lo, C. K., Lie, C. W., & Hew, K. F. (2018). Applying \u201cfirst principles of instruction\u201d as a design theory of the flipped classroom: Findings from a collective study of four secondary school subjects. Computers & Education, 118, 150\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.12.003.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"121_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.04.145","volume":"76","author":"I Lungu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lungu, I. (2013). Designing an English course for adult non-philological students in long-life learning education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 456\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.04.145.","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"121_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TALE.2017.8252377","volume-title":"Principle-guided flipped classroom implementation framework for teaching technological contents","author":"C Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo, C., Hew, T. K., Lei, C.-U., & Oh, E. (2017). Principle-guided flipped classroom implementation framework for teaching technological contents. Paper presented at the 2017 IEEE 6th international conference on teaching, assessment, and learning for engineering (TALE). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TALE.2017.8252377."},{"key":"121_CR43","volume-title":"Cooperative learning and achievement in social studies: Jigsaw II","author":"RM Mattingly","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mattingly, R. M., & VanSickle, R. L. (1991). Cooperative learning and achievement in social studies: Jigsaw II."},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02505024","volume":"50","author":"MD Merrill","year":"2002","unstructured":"Merrill, M. D. (2002). First principles of instruction. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50(3), 43\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02505024.","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"121_CR45","unstructured":"Nagin, C. (2012). Because writing matters: Improving student writing in our schools. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"121_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/97243.97281","volume-title":"Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces","author":"J Nielsen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nielsen, J., & Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/97243.97281."},{"key":"121_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compcom.2015.09.001","volume":"38","author":"S Nobles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nobles, S., & Paganucci, L. (2015). Do digital writing tools deliver? Student perceptions of writing quality using digital tools and online writing environments. Computers and Composition, 38, 16\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compcom.2015.09.001.","journal-title":"Computers and Composition"},{"key":"121_CR48","unstructured":"Plattner, H., Meinel, C., & Weinberg, U. (2009). Design-thinking:\u00a0Understand \u2013 Improve \u2013 Apply. Springer."},{"key":"121_CR49","unstructured":"Qiao, M., & Jin, X. (2010). Jigsaw strategy as a cooperative learning technique: Focusing on the language learners. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics (Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press), 33(4). http:\/\/www.celea.org.cn\/teic\/92\/10120608.pdf."},{"key":"121_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.10.042","volume":"93","author":"A Rouhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rouhi, A., & Azizian, E. (2013). Peer review: Is giving corrective feedback better than receiving it in L2 writing? Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1349\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.10.042.","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"121_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabbah, S. (2016). The effect of jigsaw strategy on esl students\u2019 reading achievement. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Volume, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24093\/awej\/vol7no1.27.","DOI":"10.24093\/awej\/vol7no1.27"},{"issue":"12","key":"121_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s12564-010-9135-8","volume":"5","author":"A \u015eahin","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u015eahin, A. (2010). Effects of jigsaw II technique on academic achievement and attitudes to written expression course. Educational Research Review, 5(12), 777\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12564-010-9135-8.","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"121_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.07.017","volume":"55","author":"P Shea","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shea, P., & Bidjerano, T. (2010). Learning presence: Towards a theory of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and the development of a communities of inquiry in online and blended learning environments. Computers & Education, 55(4), 1721\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.07.017.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"121_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2014.05.002","volume":"23","author":"P Shea","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shea, P., Hayes, S., Uzuner-Smith, S., Gozza-Cohen, M., Vickers, J., & Bidjerano, T. (2014). Reconceptualizing the community of inquiry framework: An exploratory analysis. The Internet and Higher Education, 23, 9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2014.05.002.","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.1996.9941319","volume":"89","author":"SA Stahl","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stahl, S. A., Pagnucco, J. R., & Suttles, C. W. (1996). First graders' reading and writing instruction in traditional and process-oriented classes. The Journal of Educational Research, 89(3), 131\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00220671.1996.9941319.","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2011.07.002","volume":"15","author":"K Swan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Swan, K., Matthews, D., Bogle, L., Boles, E., & Day, S. (2012). Linking online course design and implementation to learning outcomes: A design experiment. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(2), 81\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2011.07.002.","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"121_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2015.02.016","volume":"35","author":"H-C Tai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tai, H.-C., Pan, M.-Y., & Lee, B.-O. (2015). Applying technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) model to develop an online English writing course for nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 35(6), 782\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2015.02.016.","journal-title":"Nurse Education Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR58","first-page":"89","volume":"4","author":"R Talbert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Talbert, R. (2013). Learning MATLAB in the inverted classroom. The ASEE Computers in Education (CoED) Journal, 4(2), 89.","journal-title":"The ASEE Computers in Education (CoED) Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543068003249","volume":"68","author":"K Topping","year":"1998","unstructured":"Topping, K. (1998). Peer assessment between students in colleges and universities. Review of Educational Research, 68(3), 249\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/00346543068003249.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"121_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. S. (1980). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjf9vz4"},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/1469787410387814","volume":"12","author":"U Wingate","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wingate, U., Andon, N., & Cogo, A. (2011). Embedding academic writing instruction into subject teaching: A case study. Active Learning in Higher Education, 12(1), 69\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1469787410387814.","journal-title":"Active Learning in Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"121_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1017\/S0261444816000161","volume":"49","author":"S Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, S., & Lee, I. (2016). Peer feedback in second language writing (2005\u20132014). Language Teaching, 49(4), 461\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0261444816000161.","journal-title":"Language Teaching"},{"key":"121_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCO.2015.7416890","volume-title":"Implementing flipped classroom and gamification teaching methods into computer networks subject, by using cisco networking academy","author":"A Zhamanov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhamanov, A., & Sakhiyeva, Z. (2015). Implementing flipped classroom and gamification teaching methods into computer networks subject, by using cisco networking academy. Paper presented at the 2015 twelve international conference on electronics computer and computation (ICECCO). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICECCO.2015.7416890."}],"container-title":["Smart Learning Environments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40561-020-00121-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40561-020-00121-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40561-020-00121-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T23:11:22Z","timestamp":1617405082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/slejournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40561-020-00121-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40561-020-00121-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-7091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-7091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10"}}