{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:50:15Z","timestamp":1787907015826,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Smart Learn. Environ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Envisioning learning sans interaction is absurd. Interaction plays a pivotal role in the efficacy and effectiveness of the present-day blended learning systems. Learner-content interaction contributes predominately towards the successful realization of the expected learning outcomes. In order to satisfy the learners and to impart them quality knowledge and education, e-learning content comprising of excellent learning and website content is of paramount importance. In the present COVID-19 outbreak challenging times the significance of e-learning system development and its application is much more pronounced. To gauge this, the study aims to examine the relationship between learner-content and the e-learning quality to determine the impact of e-learning quality on learners\u2019 satisfaction under the moderating effect of perceived harm due to COVID-19. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 435 graduate and undergraduate management students (International and national) in Indian Universities. Findings indicate statistically significant relationships between the e-learning content and e-learning quality and; e-learning quality and the students\u2019 satisfaction. The perceived harm has an insignificant moderating effect on students\u2019 satisfaction. The results of the study further depict that the quality of e-learning has a significant positive relationship with the students\u2019 satisfaction, and this relationship is not affected by the threat of being infected on the campus during the pandemic of COVID-19. To achieve the learners\u2019 satisfaction, the institutions should strive for rendering the e-learning content of supreme quality. The mediating role of e-learning quality between content and students\u2019 satisfaction is also established to be a significant one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-021-00149-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T13:03:16Z","timestamp":1618232596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Learner-content interaction in e-learning- the moderating role of perceived harm of COVID-19 in assessing the satisfaction of learners"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pardeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charu","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8951-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasnan","family":"Baber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2018.1553562","volume":"40","author":"E Alqurashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alqurashi, E. (2018). Predicting student satisfaction and perceived learning within online learning environments. Distance Education, 40(1), 133\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01587919.2018.1553562.","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"149_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14268","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2802325","volume":"6","author":"WM Al-Rahmi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Rahmi, W. M., Alias, N., Othman, M. S., Alzahrani, A. I., Alfarraj, O., Saged, A. A., & Rahman, N. S. A. (2018). Use of e-learning by university students in Malaysian higher educational institutions: A case in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. IEEE Access, 6, 14268\u201314276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2802325.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.20448\/journal.509.2020.73.285.292","volume":"7","author":"H Baber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baber, H. (2020). Determinants of students\u2019 perceived learning outcome and satisfaction in online learning during the pandemic of COVID-19. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 7(3), 285\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20448\/journal.509.2020.73.285.292.","journal-title":"Journal of Education and e-Learning Research"},{"key":"149_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baber, H. (2021). Social interaction and effectiveness of the online learning \u2013 A moderating role of maintaining social distance during the pandemic COVID-19. Asian Education and Development Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/AEDS-09-2020-0209","DOI":"10.1108\/AEDS-09-2020-0209"},{"key":"149_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203463772","volume-title":"Technology, e-learning and distance education","author":"AW Bates","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bates, A. W. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education. Psychology Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR6","first-page":"17","volume":"8","author":"AK Bednar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bednar, A. K., Cunningham, D., Duffy, T. M., & Perry, J. D. (1992). Theory into practice: How do we link. Constructivism and the Technology Of Instruction: A Conversation, 8(1), 17\u201334.","journal-title":"Constructivism and the Technology Of Instruction: A Conversation"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654309333844","volume":"79","author":"RM Bernard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., Borokhovski, E., Wade, C. A., Tamim, R. M., Surkes, M. A., & Bethel, E. C. (2009). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in distance education. Review of Educational Research, 79(3), 1243\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0034654309333844.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR8","first-page":"61","volume":"3","author":"DU Bolliger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bolliger, D. U. (2004). Key factors for determining student satisfaction in online courses. International Journal on E-learning, 3(1), 61\u201367.","journal-title":"International Journal on E-learning"},{"issue":"8","key":"149_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8030200","volume":"2020","author":"T Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, T., Peng, L., Yin, X., Rong, J., Yang, J., & Cong, G. (2020). Analysis of user satisfaction with online education platforms in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare, 2020(8), 200.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1108\/10662241211235699","volume":"22","author":"YM Cheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. M. (2012). Effects of quality antecedents on e-learning acceptance. Internet Research, 22(3), 361\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/10662241211235699.","journal-title":"Internet Research"},{"key":"149_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancene.2020.100256","volume":"31","author":"A Chin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chin, A., Simon, G. L., Anthamatten, P., Kelsey, K. C., Crawford, B. R., & Weaver, A. J. (2020). Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions. Anthropocene, 31, 100256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ancene.2020.100256.","journal-title":"Anthropocene"},{"key":"149_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Constantin, A. A., & Cuadrado, I. (2019). Perceived intergroup competition and adolescents\u2019 behavioural intentions toward minorities: The role of threat, stereotypes and emotions. Current Psychology. 1\u201311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-019-00297-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-00297-8"},{"key":"149_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-32788-6_3","volume-title":"Handbook on quality and standardization in e-learning","author":"C Dondi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dondi, C., Moretti, M., & Nascimbeni, F. (2006). Quality of e-learning: Negotiating a strategy, implementing a policy. In U. D. Ehlers, & J. M. Pawlowski (Eds.), Handbook on quality and standardization in e-learning, (pp. 31\u201350). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-32788-6_3."},{"key":"149_CR14","unstructured":"Ehlers, U. D. (2004). Quality in e-learning from a learner\u2019s perspective. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-learning, 7(1), 1-8."},{"key":"149_CR15","volume-title":"Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics","author":"C Fornell","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics."},{"key":"149_CR16","volume-title":"Quality standards for evaluating multimedia and online training","author":"L Gillis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gillis, L. (2000). Quality standards for evaluating multimedia and online training. McGraw Hill."},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.03.921","volume":"2","author":"N Gudanescu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gudanescu, N. (2010). Using modern technology for improving learning process at different educational levels. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 5641\u20135645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.03.921.","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/EBR-11-2018-0203","volume":"31","author":"JF Hair","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review., 31(1), 2\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/EBR-11-2018-0203.","journal-title":"European Business Review."},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","volume":"43","author":"J Henseler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8.","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science"},{"key":"149_CR20","volume-title":"The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning","author":"CB Hodges","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charles B. Hodges, Stephanie Moore, Barbara B. Lockee, Torrey Trust, and M. Aaron Bond. (2020) The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning, Retrieved October 14, 2010, from https:\/\/er.educause.edu\/articles\/2020\/3\/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning."},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-020-00125-8","volume":"7","author":"R Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, R., Tlili, A., Chang, T. W., Zhang, X., Nascimbeni, F., & Burgos, D. (2020). Disrupted classes, undisrupted learning during COVID-19 outbreak in China: Application of open educational practices and resources. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Smart Learning Environments"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/08923649509526885","volume":"9","author":"D Jonassen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jonassen, D., Davidson, M., Collins, M., Campbell, J., & Haag, B. B. (1995). Constructivism and computer-mediated communication in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 9(2), 7\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08923649509526885.","journal-title":"American Journal of Distance Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"149_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-010-9171-4","volume":"59","author":"I Jung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jung, I. (2011). The dimensions of e-learning quality: From the learner\u2019s perspective. Educational Technology Research and Development, 59(4), 445\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-010-9171-4.","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0047239516661713","volume":"46","author":"M Kebritchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kebritchi, M., Lipschuetz, A., & Santiague, L. (2017). Issues and challenges for teaching successful online courses in higher education: A literature review. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 46(1), 4\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0047239516661713.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2336-7","volume":"15","author":"A Kleczkowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kleczkowski, A., Maharaj, S., Rasmussen, S., Williams, L., & Cairns, N. (2015). Spontaneous social distancing in response to a simulated epidemic: A virtual experiment. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-2336-7.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.10065","volume":"20","author":"SK Koernig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koernig, S. K. (2003). E-scapes: The electronic physical environment and service tangibility. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 157\u2013167.","journal-title":"Psychology & Marketing"},{"key":"149_CR27","volume-title":"Technology-based learning strategies","author":"V Koller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koller, V., Harvey, S., & Magnotta, M. (2008). Technology-based learning strategies. Social Policy Research."},{"key":"149_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, B.C., Yoon, J.O., & Lee, I (2009). Learners\u2019 acceptance of e-learning in South Korea: Theories and results. Computers & Education, 53,1320\u20131329. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0360131509001614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.06.014"},{"issue":"4","key":"149_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2010.08.002","volume":"13","author":"JW Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, J. W. (2010). Online support service quality, online learning acceptance, and student satisfaction. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(4), 277\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2010.08.002.","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.09.005","volume":"51","author":"SS Liaw","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liaw, S. S. (2008). Investigating students\u2019 perceived satisfaction, behavioral intention, and effectiveness of e-learning: A case study of the blackboard system. Computers & Education, 51(2), 864\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.09.005.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.07.015","volume":"60","author":"SS Liaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liaw, S. S., & Huang, H. M. (2013). Perceived satisfaction, perceived usefulness and interactive learning environments as predictors to self-regulation in e-learning environments. Computers & Education, 60(1), 14\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.07.015.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"149_CR32","volume-title":"Distance education: New perspectives","author":"M Moore","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moore, M. (1993). Three types of interaction. In Distance education: New perspectives."},{"key":"149_CR33","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"DR Murray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murray, D. R., & Schaller, M. (2016). The behavioral immune system: Implications for social cognition, social interaction, and social influence. In Advances in experimental social psychology, (vol. 53, pp. 75\u2013129). Academic."},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0136-3","volume":"16","author":"L Pham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pham, L., Limbu, Y. B., Bui, T. K., Nguyen, H. T., & Pham, H. T. (2019). Does e-learning service quality influence e-learning student satisfaction and loyalty? Evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-019-0136-3.","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"149_CR35","volume-title":"Quality on the line: Benchmarks for success in internet-based distance education","author":"R Phipps","year":"2000","unstructured":"Phipps, R., & Merisotis, J. (2000). Quality on the line: Benchmarks for success in internet-based distance education."},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR36","first-page":"55","volume":"6","author":"M Reisetter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reisetter, M., LaPointe, L., & Korcuska, J. (2007). The impact of altered realties: Implications of online delivery for learners\u2019 interactions, expectations, and learning skills. International Journal on E-learning, 6(1), 55\u201380.","journal-title":"International Journal on E-learning"},{"key":"149_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rhode, J. (2009). Interaction equivalency in self-paced online learning environments: An exploration of learner preferences. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 10(1).\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v10i1.603","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v10i1.603"},{"key":"149_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2007.02.003","volume":"44","author":"D Robins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robins, D., & Holmes, J. (2008). Aesthetics and credibility in web site design. Information Processing and Management, 44, 386\u2013399.","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"149_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/0047239520977798","volume":"49","author":"C Saxena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saxena, C., Baber, H., & Kumar, P. (2020). Examining the moderating effect of perceived benefits of maintaining social distance on e-learning quality during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(4), 532\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0047239520977798.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology Systems"},{"key":"149_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shahzad, A., Hassan, R., Aremu, A. Y., Hussain, A., & Lodhi, R. N. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 in E-learning on higher education institution students: The group comparison between male and female. Quality & Quantity, 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-020-01028-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-020-01028-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-020-00130-x","volume":"7","author":"SA Sotiriou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sotiriou, S. A., Lazoudis, A., & Bogner, F. X. (2020). Inquiry-based learning and E-learning: How to serve high and low achievers. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Smart Learning Environments"},{"issue":"4","key":"149_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2006.11.007","volume":"50","author":"PC Sun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sun, P. C., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y. Y., & Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful e-learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers & Education, 50(4), 1183\u20131202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2006.11.007.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"149_CR43","volume-title":"E-learning quality aspects and criteria for evaluation of e-learning in higher education. Report 2008:11 R","author":"Swedish National Agency for Higher Education","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swedish National Agency for Higher Education (2008). E-learning quality aspects and criteria for evaluation of e-learning in higher education. Report 2008:11 R. Ho\u00a8gskoleverkets rapportserie Retrieved October 14, 2020, from http:\/\/www.hsv.se\/download\/18.8f0e4c9119e2b4a60c800028057\/0811R.pdf."},{"issue":"26\u201327","key":"149_CR44","first-page":"73","volume":"120","author":"PS Taylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor, P. S. (2007). Can clickers cure crowded classes? Maclean\u2019s, 120(26\u201327), 73.","journal-title":"Maclean\u2019s"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR45","first-page":"np","volume":"1","author":"V Thurmond","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thurmond, V., & Wambach, K. (2004). Understanding interactions in distance education: A review of the literature. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 1(1), np.","journal-title":"International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning"},{"key":"149_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Truhlar, A., Williams, K., & Walter, M. (2018). Student engagement with course content and peers in synchronous online courses discussions. Online Learning, 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24059\/olj.v22i4.1389.","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v22i4.1389"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.01.009","volume":"27","author":"GJ Udo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Udo, G. J., Bagchi, K. K., & Kirs, P. J. (2011). Using SERVQUAL to assess the quality of e-learning experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1272\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2011.01.009.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2002.11647481","volume":"42","author":"GJ Udo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Udo, G. J., & Marquis, G. (2002). Factors affecting e-commerce web sites effectiveness. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 42(2), 10\u201316.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Information Systems"},{"key":"149_CR49","unstructured":"UIS (2012), International Standard Classification of Education: ISCED-2011. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Montreal. http:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf."},{"key":"149_CR50","volume-title":"Glossary of curriculum terminology","author":"UNESCO-IBE","year":"2013","unstructured":"UNESCO-IBE (2013). Glossary of curriculum terminology. UNESCO International Bureau of Education Available online at: http:\/\/www.ibe.unesco.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Publications\/IBE_GlossaryC urriculumTerminology2013_eng.pdf. Accessed 13 Feb 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12552","volume":"49","author":"MA Uppal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uppal, M. A., Ali, S., & Gulliver, S. R. (2018). Factors determining e-learning service quality. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(3), 412\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.12552.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"149_CR52","first-page":"533","volume":"5","author":"IS Weerasinghe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weerasinghe, I. S., & Fernando, R. L. (2017). Students\u2019 satisfaction in higher education. American Journal of Educational Research, 5(5), 533\u2013539.","journal-title":"American Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"149_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.033","volume":"38","author":"AF Wise","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wise, A. F., & Chiu, M. M. (2014). The impact of rotating summarizing roles in online discussions: Effects on learners\u2019 listening behaviors during and subsequent to role assignment. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 261\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.033.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"149_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110491","volume":"171","author":"EM Zitek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zitek, E. M., & Schlund, R. J. (2021). Psychological entitlement predicts noncompliance with the health guidelines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, 110491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110491.","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"}],"container-title":["Smart Learning Environments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40561-021-00149-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40561-021-00149-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40561-021-00149-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T04:17:48Z","timestamp":1724818668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/slejournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40561-021-00149-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40561-021-00149-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-7091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-7091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are competing interests with any party or organization.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5"}}