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It presents (1) the case study methodology on which this research is based, (2) two case studies on open education, (3) a game-based intervention proposal to support instructors in training university students in complex thinking skills based on Education 4.0 technologies and game-based learning principles, (4) and a discussion of the findings and opportunities for further work in the area. The findings of this study reveal that (A) the use of emerging and 4.0 technologies in initiatives of the open education movement continue to increase; (B) most of the open education initiatives designed by academics participating in the workshops were focused on the production of OER; and (C) inclusive access to education and continuing professional development of teachers is a constant concern addressed in open education initiatives. The results of this research suggest that training and development interventions implying the creation or design of open education initiatives should focus on encouraging all kinds of open education practices (i.e. use, production, dissemination and mobilization).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-023-00229-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1674630169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Active learning and education 4.0 for complex thinking training: analysis of two case studies in open education"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0919-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azeneth","family":"Pati\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1274-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Soledad","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3242-5332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Buenestado-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"229_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6031-2_5","volume-title":"Intelligent and interactive computing","author":"R Ab Rahman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ab Rahman, R., Ahmad, S., & Hashim, U. 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