{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1780677923214,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Smart Learn. Environ."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of digital resources in the new learning environment has drastically influenced how human topographic anatomy is taught and assessed. An array of digital technologies for anatomy teaching have been recently adopted in medical and health science schools in both undergraduate and postgraduate courses. This resulted from a surging demand for digital anatomy technologies in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and required rapid digital up-skilling of anatomists. Despite the wide adoption of digital technologies in anatomy teaching, there is little comprehensive information on the selection and implementation of these digital resources from a practical perspective. Based on the authors\u2019 experience and supported by literature, this article describes their implementation of digital anatomy resources for teaching gross anatomy in eleven Australian universities. This paper highlights the advantages and limitations that the authors encountered and their recommendations for using these current digital technologies in anatomy teaching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-023-00285-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T04:30:44Z","timestamp":1702355444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A plethora of choices: an anatomists\u2019 practical perspectives for the selection of digital anatomy resources"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"R. Claire","family":"Aland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honor J.","family":"Hugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Battle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Donkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Nealon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Stirling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melby","family":"Tentrisanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Valter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4320-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23995","volume":"36","author":"S Adnan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adnan, S., & Xiao, J. (2023). A scoping review on the trends of digital anatomy education. Clinical Anatomy, 36, 471\u2013491.","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"key":"285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29536","DOI":"10.3402\/meo.v20.29536","volume":"20","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed, M., Sherwani, Y., Al-Jibury, O., Najim, M., Rabee, R., & Ashraf, M. (2015). Gamification in medical education. Medical Education Online, 20, 29536.","journal-title":"Medical Education Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR3","first-page":"26","volume":"1","author":"N Alcala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alcala, N., Piazza, M., Hobbs, G., & Quinsey, C. (2021). Assessment of contemporary virtual reality programs and 3D atlases in neuroanatomical and neurosurgical education. CJIM, 1(1), 26\u201335.","journal-title":"CJIM"},{"key":"285_CR4","first-page":"1173","volume":"61","author":"T Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson, T., Gillman, J., & Pantel, A. (2020a). Radiopaedia.org case playlists to increase trainee access to teaching file cases. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 61, 1173.","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"285_CR5","first-page":"1173","volume":"61","author":"T Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson, T., Gillman, J., & Pantel, A. (2020b). Radiopaediaorg case playlists to increase trainee access to teaching file cases. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 61, 1173.","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-019-00719-z","volume":"29","author":"G Baratz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baratz, G., Wilson-Delfosse, A. L., Singelyn, B. M., Allan, K. C., Rieth, G. E., Ratnaparkhi, R., Jenks, B. P., Carlton, C., Freeman, B. K., & Wish-Baratz, S. (2019). Evaluating the anatomage table compared to cadaveric dissection as a learning modality for gross anatomy. Medical Science Educator, 29, 499\u2013506.","journal-title":"Medical Science Educator"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1550","volume":"9","author":"DS Barry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barry, D. S., Marzouk, F., Chulak-Oglu, K., Bennett, D., Tierney, P., & O\u2019Keeffe, G. W. (2016). Anatomy education for the YouTube generation. Anatomical Sciences Education, 9(1), 90\u201396.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13247","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413247","volume":"18","author":"A Bartoletti-Stella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartoletti-Stella, A., Gatta, V., Mariani, G. A., Gobbi, P., Falconi, M., Manzoli, L., Faenza, I., & Salucci, S. (2021). Three-dimensional virtual anatomy as a new approach for medical student\u2019s learning. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 13247.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.14196\/mjiri.31.52","volume":"31","author":"S Bigdeli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bigdeli, S., & Kaufman, D. (2017). Digital games in medical education: Key terms, concepts, and definitions. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 31, 52.","journal-title":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran"},{"key":"285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1941","volume":"13","author":"K Bogomolova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bogomolova, K., Ham, I. J. M., Dankbaar, M. E. W., Broek, W. W., Hovius, S. E. R., Hage, J. A., & Hierck, B. P. (2020). The effect of stereoscopic augmented reality visualization on learning anatomy and the modifying effect of visual-spatial abilities: A double-center randomized controlled trial. Anatomical Sciences Education, 13, 558\u2013567.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1864","volume":"12","author":"F Bork","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bork, F., Stratmann, L., Enssle, S., Eck, U., Navab, N., Waschke, J., & Kugelmann, D. (2019). The benefits of an augmented reality magic mirror system for integrated radiology teaching in gross anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education, 12, 585\u2013598.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castelan, E., Vinnikov, M., Zhou, X. A. (2021). Augmented reality anatomy visualization for surgery assistance with HoloLens: AR surgery assistance with HoloLens. In ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences (pp. 329-331).","DOI":"10.1145\/3452918.3468005"},{"key":"285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031024","volume":"19","author":"L Cercenelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cercenelli, L., Stefano, A. D., Billi, A. M., Ruggeri, A., Marcelli, E., Marchetti, C., Manzoli, L., Ratti, S., & Badiali, G. (2022). Anatomical education in augmented reality: A pilot experience of an innovative educational tool combining AR technology and 3D printing. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 1024.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1747","volume":"11","author":"TR Chakraborty","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chakraborty, T. R., & Cooperstein, D. F. (2018). Exploring anatomy and physiology using iPad applications. Anatomical Sciences Education, 11, 336\u2013345.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05241.x","volume":"80","author":"S Craig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Craig, S., Tait, N., Boers, D., & McAndrew, D. (2010). Review of anatomy education in Australian and New Zealand medical schools. ANZ Journal of Surgery, 80, 212\u2013216.","journal-title":"ANZ Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590802512953","volume":"31","author":"L Donnelly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Donnelly, L., Patten, D., White, P., & Finn, G. (2009). Virtual human dissector as a learning tool for studying cross-sectional anatomy. Medical Teacher, 31, 553\u2013555.","journal-title":"Medical Teacher"},{"issue":"347","key":"285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2020.08.004","volume":"104","author":"ML Duarte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duarte, M. L., Santos, L. R., J\u00fanior, J. G., & Peccin, M. S. (2020). Learning anatomy by virtual reality and augmented reality A Scope Review. Morphologie, 104(347), 254\u2013266.","journal-title":"Morphologie"},{"key":"285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23758","volume":"34","author":"K Dulohery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dulohery, K., Scully, D., Longhurst, G. J., Stone, D. M., & Campbell, T. (2021). Emerging from emergency pandemic pedagogy: A survey of anatomical educators in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Clinical Anatomy, 34, 948\u2013960.","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"key":"285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.09.048","volume":"16","author":"A El-Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Ali, A., Kamal, F., Cabral, C. L., & Squires, J. H. (2019). Comparison of traditional and web-based medical student teaching by radiology residents. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 16, 492\u2013495.","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-015-9348-9","volume":"28","author":"L Fiorella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiorella, L., & Mayer, R. E. (2016). Eight ways to promote generative learning. Educational Psychology Review, 28(4), 717\u2013741.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23722","volume":"34","author":"W Flynn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flynn, W., Kumar, N., Donovan, R., Jones, M., & Vickerton, P. (2021). Delivering online alternatives to the anatomy laboratory: Early experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Anatomy, 34, 757\u2013765.","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"issue":"9253","key":"285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03649-7","volume":"357","author":"AX Garg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garg, A. X., Norman, G., & Sperotable, L. (2001). How medical students learn spatial anatomy. Lancet, 357(9253), 363\u2013364.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamari J, Koivisto J, Sarsa H. 2014. Does Gamification Work? A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 3025\u20133034).","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.377"},{"key":"285_CR24","first-page":"61","volume":"115","author":"JJ Houser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Houser, J. J., & Kondrashov, P. (2018). Gross anatomy education today: The integration of traditional and innovative methodologies. Missouri Medicine, 115, 61\u201365.","journal-title":"Missouri Medicine"},{"key":"285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.687120","volume":"34","author":"P Hrynchak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hrynchak, P., & Batty, H. (2012). The educational theory basis of team-based learning. Medical Teacher, 34, 796\u2013801.","journal-title":"Medical Teacher"},{"key":"285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izard SG, M\u00e9ndez JAJ. 2021. App design and implementation for learning human anatomy through virtual and augmented reality. In: Information Technology Trends for a Global and Interdisciplinary Research Community: IGI Global (pp. 72\u201387).","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-4156-2.ch004"},{"key":"285_CR27","unstructured":"Jacobsen, A. L., McMurray, M. (2020). Teaching and learning human anatomy using a 3-dimensional computer graphics learning tool: Considerations and benefits."},{"key":"285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/02763869.2021.1987812","volume":"40","author":"D Jason","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jason, D., Trammell, A., & Grant, T. (2021). Informationists and nurse educators partner to integrate a virtual dissection table into a nursing curriculum. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 40, 437\u2013447.","journal-title":"Medical Reference Services Quarterly"},{"key":"285_CR29","unstructured":"Kahoot!. (2020). Research articles on Kahoot!. Kahoot!, Oslo, Norway. https:\/\/kahoot.com\/research-articles\/. Accessed 20 November 2020."},{"key":"285_CR30","unstructured":"Kahoot!. (2021). Kahoot! Oslo, Norway. https:\/\/kahoot.com\/. Accessed 15 April 2021."},{"key":"285_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-06070-1_4","volume":"1","author":"ID Keenan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keenan, I. D., & Awadh, A. (2019). Integrating 3D visualisation technologies in undergraduate anatomy education. Biomedical Visualisation, 1, 39\u201353.","journal-title":"Biomedical Visualisation"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.24059\/olj.v24i3.2066","volume":"24","author":"B Landrum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Landrum, B. (2020). Examining students\u2019 confidence to learn online, self-regulation skills and perceptions of satisfaction and usefulness of online classes. Online Learning, 24(3), 128\u2013146.","journal-title":"Online Learning"},{"key":"285_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2382120520955156","volume":"7","author":"BC Leung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leung, B. C., Williams, M., Horton, C., & Cosker, T. D. A. (2020). Modernising anatomy teaching: Which resources do students rely on. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 7, 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22256","volume":"27","author":"TL Lewis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lewis, T. L., Burnett, B., Tunstall, R. G., & Abrahams, P. H. (2014). Complementing anatomy education using three-dimensional anatomy mobile software applications on tablet computers. Clinical Anatomy, 27(3), 313\u2013320.","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"key":"285_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"P Maniam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maniam, P., Schnell, P., Dan, L., Portelli, R., Erolin, C., Mountain, R., & Wilkinson, T. (2019). Exploration of temporal bone anatomy using mixed reality (HoloLens): Development of a mixed reality anatomy teaching resource prototype. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 43, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine"},{"key":"285_CR36","first-page":"22","volume":"116","author":"L McCoy","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCoy, L., Lewis, J. H., & Dalton, D. (2016). Gamification and multimedia for medical education: A landscape review. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 116, 22\u201334.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Osteopathic Association"},{"key":"285_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/tl.330","volume":"116","author":"LK Michaelsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Michaelsen, L. K., & Sweet, M. (2008). The essential elements of team-based learning. New Directions for Teaching and Learning Wiley., 116, 7\u201327.","journal-title":"New Directions for Teaching and Learning Wiley."},{"key":"285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.02.015","volume":"218","author":"V Mitrousias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitrousias, V., Varitimidis, S. E., Hantes, M. E., Malizos, K. N., Arvanitis, D. L., & Zibis, A. H. (2018). Anatomy learning from prosected cadaveric specimens versus three-dimensional software: A comparative study of upper limb anatomy. Annals of Anatomy, 218, 156\u2013164.","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy"},{"key":"285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-021-00195-8","volume":"9","author":"BJ Moorhouse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moorhouse, B. J., & Wong, K. M. (2022). Blending asynchronous and synchronous digital technologies and instructional approaches to facilitate remote learning. Journal of Computers in Education, 9, 51\u201370.","journal-title":"Journal of Computers in Education"},{"key":"285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moro, C., Stromberga, Z., Stirling, A. (2017b). Virtualisation devices for student learning: Comparison between desktop-based (Oculus Rift) and mobile-based (Gear VR) virtual reality in medical and health science education. AJET 33.","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.3840"},{"key":"285_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2049","volume":"14","author":"C Moro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moro, C., Birt, J., Stromberga, Z., Phelps, C., Clark, J., Glasziou, P., & Scott, A. M. (2021). Virtual and augmented reality enhancements to medical and science student physiology and anatomy test performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Anatomical Sciences Education, 14, 368\u2013376.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-19385-0_3","volume":"3","author":"C Moro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moro, C., & Gregory, S. (2019). Utilising anatomical and physiological visualisations to enhance the face-to-face student learning experience in biomedical sciences and medicine. Biomedical Visualisation, 3, 41\u201348.","journal-title":"Biomedical Visualisation"},{"key":"285_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1696","volume":"10","author":"C Moro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moro, C., Stromberga, Z., Raikos, A., & Stirling, A. (2017a). The effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality in health sciences and medical anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education, 10, 549\u2013559.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR44","unstructured":"Nicola S, Virag I, Stoicu-Tivadar L. 2017. VR medical gamification for training and education. In: Hayn D, Schreier G (Editors). Proceedings of the 11th EHealth 2017 Conference Health Informatics Meets EHealth: Digital Insight\u2014Information-Driven Health & Care (1st Edn, pp. 97\u2013103). Amsterdam: IOS Press BV."},{"key":"285_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2019.602","volume":"107","author":"DC Ogdon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogdon, D. C. (2019). Hololens and Vive Pro: Virtual reality headsets. Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA, 107, 118\u2013121.","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA"},{"key":"285_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151660","volume":"234","author":"E Orsini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orsini, E., Quaranta, M., Ratti, S., Mariani, G. A., Mongiorgi, S., Billi, A. M., & Manzoli, L. (2021). The whole body donation program at the university of Bologna: A report based on the experience of one of the oldest university in Western world. Annals of Anatomy, 234, 151660.","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy"},{"key":"285_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"C Pan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pan, C., & Wu, H. (2012). Self-regulated learning in an asynchronous online learning environment. IJDET, 1, 1\u201316.","journal-title":"IJDET"},{"key":"285_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1968","volume":"13","author":"N Pather","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pather, N., Blyth, P., Chapman, J. A., Dayal, M. R., Flack, N. A. M. S., Fogg, Q. A., Green, R. A., Hulme, A. K., Johnson, I. P., Meyer, A. J., Morley, J. W., Shortland, P. J., \u0160trkalj, G., \u0160trkalj, M., Valter, K., Webb, A. L., Woodley, S. J., & Lazarus, M. D. (2020). Forced disruption of anatomy education in Australia and New Zealand: An acute response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Anatomical Sciences Education, 13, 284\u2013300.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.03436.x","volume":"43","author":"J Philpott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Philpott, J., & Batty, H. (2009). Learning best together: Social constructivism and global partnerships in medical education. Medical Education, 43, 923\u2013924.","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"key":"285_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-017-0033-2","volume":"2","author":"P Pratt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pratt, P., Ives, M., Lawton, G., Simmons, J., Radev, N., Spyropoulou, L., & Amiras, D. (2018). Through the HoloLens\u2122 looking glass: Augmented reality for extremity reconstruction surgery using 3D vascular models with perforating vessels. European Radiology Experimental, 2, 2.","journal-title":"European Radiology Experimental"},{"key":"285_CR51","unstructured":"Argosy Publishing, Newman, M. A. (2020). Human anatomy atlas (Version 2020.0) [Computer software] Visible Body."},{"key":"285_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-021-00778-7","volume":"3","author":"S Rajasekhar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rajasekhar, S., & Dinesh Kumar, V. (2021). The cadaver conundrum: Sourcing and anatomical embalming of human dead bodies by medical schools during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Review and Recommendations. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 3, 924\u2013936.","journal-title":"SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"285_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78470","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.784701","volume":"6","author":"Y R\u00f8e","year":"2022","unstructured":"R\u00f8e, Y., Wojniusz, S., & Bjerke, A. H. (2022). The digital transformation of higher education teaching: Four pedagogical prescriptions to move active learning pedagogy forward. Frontiers in Education, 6, 78470.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education"},{"key":"285_CR54","unstructured":"Roussou, M. (2000). Immersive interactive virtual reality and informal education. In: Proceedings of i3 Spring Days 2000\u2014workshop on interactive learning environments for children."},{"key":"285_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartzman G, Ramamurti P. 2021. Visible body human anatomy atlas: Innovative anatomy learning. JDI 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-021-00496-5"},{"key":"285_CR56","unstructured":"Serdyukova, N., Serdyukov, P. (2013). Student autonomy in online learning. Proceedings of 5th Internet Conference Comp Supp Educ (CSEDU-2013), pp. 229\u2013233."},{"key":"285_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14696","volume":"38","author":"D Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi, D., Walline, J. H., Liu, J., Yu, X., Xu, J., Song, P. P., Zhu, H., & O\u2019Donnell, J. M. (2019). An exploratory study of sectra table visualization improves the effectiveness of emergency bedside echocardiography training. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 38, 363\u2013370.","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR58","first-page":"550","volume":"27","author":"P Shih","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shih, P., Velan, G. M., & Shulruf, B. (2017). Shared values and socio-cultural norms: Elearning technologies from a social practice perspective. Issues in Educational Research, 27(3), 550\u2013566.","journal-title":"Issues in Educational Research"},{"key":"285_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03177-1","volume":"22","author":"M Shin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shin, M., Prasad, A., Sabo, G., Macnow, A. S., Sheth, N. P., Cross, M. B., & Premkumar, A. (2022). Anatomy education in US medical Schools: Before, during and beyond COVID-19. BMC Medical Education, 22, 1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"key":"285_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/1076217518804854","volume":"42","author":"D Siegle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siegle, D. (2018). Seeing is believing: Using virtual and augmented reality to enhance student learning. Gifted Child Today, 42, 46\u201352.","journal-title":"Gifted Child Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/0047239515617469","volume":"4","author":"S Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith, S., & Chipley, L. (2015). Building confidence as digital learners with digital support across the curriculum. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 4(2), 230\u2013239.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology Systems"},{"key":"285_CR62","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Chan LK","author":"AC Stirling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stirling, A. C., & Moro, C. (2020). The use of virtual, augmented and mixed reality in anatomy education. In W. Pawlina (Ed.), Chan LK (pp. 359\u2013366). A Practical Guide. Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"285_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-019-00834-x","volume":"30","author":"M Stojanovska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stojanovska, M., Tingle, G., Tan, L., Ulrey, L., Simonson-Shick, S., Mlakar, J., Eastman, H., Gotschall, R., Boscia, A., Enterline, R., Henninger, E., & Herrmann, K. A. (2020). Mixed reality anatomy using microsoft holoLens and cadaveric dissection: A comparative effectiveness study. Medical Science Educator, 30, 173\u2013178.","journal-title":"Medical Science Educator"},{"key":"285_CR64","volume":"8","author":"G Tirelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tirelli, G., de Groodt, J., Sia, E., Belgrano, M. G., Degrassi, F., Boscolo-Rizzo, P., Cova, M. A., & Marcuzzo, A. V. (2021). Accuracy of the anatomage table in detecting extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: A pilot study. J Med Imaging (bellingham), 8, 014502.","journal-title":"J Med Imaging (bellingham)"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23405","volume":"33","author":"CPR Triepels","year":"2020","unstructured":"Triepels, C. P. R., Smeets, C. F. A., Notten, K. J. B., Kruitwagen, R. F. P. M., Futterer, J. J., Vergeldt, T. F. M., & Van Kuijk, S. M. J. (2020). Does three-dimensional anatomy improve student understanding? Clinical Anatomy, 33(1), 25\u201333.","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"key":"285_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uhl, J. F., Jorge, J., Lopes, D. S., Campos, P. F. (Eds). (2021). Digital anatomy: Applications of virtual, mixed and augmented reality, 1st Ed. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-61905-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR67","first-page":"1","volume":"54","author":"C Wekerle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wekerle, C., Daumiller, M., & Kollar, I. (2022). Using digital technology to promote higher education learning: The importance of different learning activities and their relations to learning outcomes. JRTE, 54(1), 1\u201317.","journal-title":"JRTE"},{"key":"285_CR68","first-page":"198","volume":"18","author":"EC Weyant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weyant, E. C., & Woodward, N. J. (2021). 3D organon VR anatomy: A virtual anatomy medical education tool. JERML, 18, 198\u2013203.","journal-title":"JERML"},{"key":"285_CR69","first-page":"517","volume":"25","author":"N Whitman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Whitman, N. (1993). A review of constructivism: Understanding and using a relatively new theory. Family Medicine, 25, 517\u2013521.","journal-title":"Family Medicine"},{"key":"285_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/34687","volume":"8","author":"NB Wickramasinghe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wickramasinghe, N. B., Thompson, B. R., & Xiao, J. (2022). The opportunities and challenges of digital anatomy for medical sciences: Narrative review. JMIR Med Educ, 8, e34687.","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"285_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.13845","volume":"53","author":"S Wish-Baratz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wish-Baratz, S., Gubatina, A. P., Enterline, R., & Griswold, M. A. (2019). A new supplement to gross anatomy dissection: HoloAnatomy. Medical Education, 53(5), 522\u2013523.","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"key":"285_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiao, J. (2023). Integrating digital literacies and scientific communication in a multimedia anatomy group assignment to advance contextual learning. Anatomical Sciences Education. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.2331","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2331"},{"key":"285_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2207","volume":"15","author":"J Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, J., & Adnan, S. (2022a). Flipped anatomy classroom integrating multimodal digital resources shows positive influence upon students\u2019 experience and learning performance. Anatomical Sciences Education, 15, 1086\u20131102.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2222","volume":"15","author":"J Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, J., & Evans, D. J. (2022b). Anatomy education beyond the Covid-19 pandemic: A changing pedagogy. Anatomical Sciences Education, 15, 1138\u20131144.","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"285_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.21315\/eimj2019.11.3.3","volume":"11","author":"P Youhasan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Youhasan, P., & Raheem, S. (2019). Technology enabled formative assessment in medical education: A pilot study through Kahoot. Educ Med J, 11, 23\u201329.","journal-title":"Educ Med J"},{"key":"285_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12492","volume":"24","author":"S Zafar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zafar, S., & Zachar, J. J. (2020). Evaluation of HoloHuman augmented reality application as a novel educational tool in dentistry. European Journal of Dental Education, 24, 259\u2013265.","journal-title":"European Journal of Dental Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-1994-z","volume":"20","author":"J Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Xu, X., Jiang, H., & Ding, Y. (2020). The effectiveness of virtual reality-based technology on anatomy teaching: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"}],"container-title":["Smart Learning Environments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40561-023-00285-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40561-023-00285-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40561-023-00285-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T05:02:55Z","timestamp":1702357375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/slejournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40561-023-00285-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40561-023-00285-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2196-7091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2196-7091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of financial or no-financial interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"66"}}