{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:07:44Z","timestamp":1773785264987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RPTEL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concept maps are the tools used to facilitate meaningful conceptual learning. In this study, an augmented reality (AR)-based concept map (AR-ConMAP) application was developed to facilitate the concept map creation process to overcome the challenges that students face when creating concept maps. The study was carried out as a case study. Observations via using video records and worksheets were used to examine the effect of this application on students\u2019 concept map creation skills and their evaluations about their experiences. The results suggested that using AR for creating concept maps provided more accurate results in associating the concept map components and supported students for meaningful conceptual learning. Students evaluated their experiences in using AR also as increasing their sense of enjoyment and curiosity which positively contributed to their motivation to create concept maps. Recommendations for future research and practices were also included.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-022-00191-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T10:04:24Z","timestamp":1650881064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Creating concept maps with augmented reality: a case of eclipse of the lunar and solar topic"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8030-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcnal","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131ro\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samet","family":"Ataba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ilknur","family":"\u00d6zy\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"191_CR1","first-page":"18","volume":"37","author":"HR Abadiano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abadiano, H. R., Kurkjian, C., & Abed, F. (2001). Preparing teachers in the new millennium: Teaching the language arts within new technologies. The New England Reading Association Journal, 37, 18\u201323.","journal-title":"The New England Reading Association Journal"},{"key":"191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.21061\/jots.v40i2.a.4","volume":"40","author":"M Antonioli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Antonioli, M., Blake, C., & Sparks, K. (2014). Augmented reality applications in education. The Journal of Technology Studies, 40, 96\u2013107.","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR3","first-page":"797","volume":"11","author":"BA Ariaga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ariaga, B. A., & Nwanekezi, A. U. (2018). Concept mapping strategy and its effects on students\u2019 performance in senior secondary school organic chemistry in Imo State of Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 11(4), 797\u2013809.","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR4","first-page":"133","volume":"17","author":"JL Bacca Acosta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bacca Acosta, J. L., Baldiris Navarro, S. M., Fabregat Gesa, R., & Graf, S. (2014). Augmented reality trends in education: a systematic review of research and applications. Journal of Educational Technology and Society, 17(4), 133\u2013149.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology and Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.324.10432","volume":"32","author":"M Baig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baig, M., Tariq, S., Rehman, R., Ali, S., & Gazzaz, Z. J. (2016). Concept mapping improves academic performance in problem solving questions in Biochemistry subject. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 32(4), 801\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.324.10432","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.24846\/v19i3y201011","volume":"19","author":"A Balog","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balog, A., & Pribeanu, C. (2010). The role of perceived enjoyment in the students\u2019 acceptance of an augmented reality teaching platform: A structural equation modelling approach. Studies in Informatics and Control, 19(3), 319\u2013330.","journal-title":"Studies in Informatics and Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09523987.2014.889400","volume":"51","author":"M Bower","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bower, M., Howe, C., McCredie, N., Robinson, A., & Grover, D. (2014). Augmented Reality in education\u2013cases, places and potentials. Educational Media International, 51(1), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Educational Media International"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2307\/4449272","volume":"53","author":"C Briscoe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Briscoe, C., & LaMaster, S. U. (1991). Meaningful learning in college biology through concept mapping. The American Biology Teacher, 53(4), 214\u2013219.","journal-title":"The American Biology Teacher"},{"key":"191_CR9","unstructured":"Brinkerhoff, J., & Booth, G. M. (2007). The effect of concept mapping on student achievement in an introductory non-majors biology class (Doctoral dissertation, Brigham Young University. Department of Integrative Biology)."},{"key":"191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.02.017","volume":"68","author":"KR Bujak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bujak, K. R., Radu, I., Catrambone, R., MacIntyre, B., Zheng, R., & Golubski, G. (2013). A psychological perspective on augmented reality in the mathematics classroom. Computers & Education, 68, 536\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.02.017","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13020","volume":"52","author":"S Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai, S., Liu, C., Wang, T., Liu, E., & Liang, J. C. (2021). Effects of learning physics using augmented reality on students\u2019 self-efficacy and conceptions of learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(1), 235\u2013251.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-016-0284-3","volume":"25","author":"CH Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, C. H., Chou, Y. Y., & Huang, C. Y. (2016). An augmented-reality-based concept map to support mobile learning for science. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(4), 567\u2013578.","journal-title":"The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/13562510802602582","volume":"14","author":"C-C Chiou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chiou, C.-C. (2009). Effects of concept mapping strategy on learning performance in business and economics statistics. Teaching in Higher Education, 14(1), 55\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13562510802602582.","journal-title":"Teaching in Higher Education"},{"key":"191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damala, A., Cubaud, P., Bationo, A., Houlier, P., & Marchal, I. (2008). Bridging the gap between the digital and the physical: design and evaluation of a mobile augmented reality guide for the museum visit. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts (pp. 120-127).","DOI":"10.1145\/1413634.1413660"},{"key":"191_CR15","unstructured":"Danakorn Nincarean, A., Phon, L. E., Rahman, M. H. A., Utama, N. I., Ali, M. B., Abdi Halim, N. D., & Kasim, S. (2019). The Effect of Augmented Reality on Spatial Visualization Ability of Elementary School Student. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology. Diakses dari. https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/296921451.pdf. [GS Search]."},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-010-9387-6","volume":"62","author":"M Davies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davies, M. (2011). Concept mapping, mind mapping and argument mapping: What are the differences and do they matter? Higher Education, 62(3), 279\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10734-010-9387-6","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-014-0021-y","volume":"1","author":"JA Delello","year":"2014","unstructured":"Delello, J. A. (2014). Insights from pre-service teachers using science-based augmented reality. Journal of Computers in Education, 1(4), 295\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40692-014-0021-y","journal-title":"Journal of Computers in Education"},{"key":"191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.03.002","volume":"68","author":"\u00c1 Di Serio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Di Serio, \u00c1., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. (2013). Impact of an augmented reality system on students\u2019 motivation for a visual art course. Computers & Education, 68, 586\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.03.002","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR19","first-page":"449","volume":"36","author":"N Drareni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drareni, N. (2020). Using concept maps in coronavirus disease COVID-19 to enhance meaningful learning: Evidence from an action research process. les cahiers du cread, 36(3), 449\u2013474.","journal-title":"les cahiers du cread"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02356689","volume":"13","author":"J Edwards","year":"1983","unstructured":"Edwards, J., & Fraser, K. (1983). Concept maps as reflectors of conceptual understanding. Research in Science Education, 13(1), 19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02356689.","journal-title":"Research in Science Education"},{"key":"191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103635","volume":"142","author":"M Fidan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fidan, M., & Tuncel, M. (2019). Integrating augmented reality into problem based learning: The effects on learning achievement and attitude in physics education. Computers & Education, 142, 103635.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327590IJHC1603_1","volume":"16","author":"M Fjeld","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fjeld, M. (2003). Introduction: Augmented reality-usability and collaborative aspects. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 16(3), 387\u2013393.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00021.2007","volume":"32","author":"HL Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, H. L., Palencia, A. P., Uma\u00f1a, L. A., Galindo, L., & Villafrade, M. L. A. (2008). Mediated learning experience and concept maps: A pedagogical tool for achieving meaningful learning in medical physiology students. Advances in Physiology Education, 32(4), 312\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/advan.00021.2007","journal-title":"Advances in Physiology Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.17671\/gazibtd.347604","volume":"10","author":"K G\u00fcl","year":"2017","unstructured":"G\u00fcl, K., & \u015eahin, S. (2017). Development of augmented reality materials and examination of efficacy for computer hardware education. Bili\u015fim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 10(4), 353\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17671\/gazibtd.347604","journal-title":"Bili\u015fim Teknolojileri Dergisi"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR25","first-page":"207","volume":"134","author":"CM Harris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harris, C. M., & Zha, S. (2013). Concept mapping: A critical thinking technique. Education, 134(2), 207\u2013211.","journal-title":"Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.5480\/10-465","volume":"34","author":"S Harrison","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harrison, S., & Gibbons, C. (2013). Nursing student perceptions of concept maps: From theory to practice. Nursing Education Perspectives (Perspectives), 34(6), 395\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5480\/10-465","journal-title":"Nursing Education Perspectives (Perspectives)"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2010.04.004","volume":"20","author":"M Haugwitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haugwitz, M., Nesbit, J. C., & Sandmann, A. (2010). Cognitive ability and the instructional efficacy of collaborative concept mapping. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(5), 536\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2010.04.004","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"191_CR28","unstructured":"Hein, G. E. (1991). Constructivist learning theory, CECA (International Committee of Museum Educators) Conference, Israel. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.exploratorium.edu\/IFI\/resources\/constructivistlearning.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.3730740406","volume":"74","author":"JA Heinze-Fry","year":"1990","unstructured":"Heinze-Fry, J. A., & Novak, J. D. (1990). Concept mapping brings long-term movement toward meaningful learning. Science Education, 74(4), 461\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sce.3730740406","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2007.09.013","volume":"17","author":"TN Hoffler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hoffler, T. N., & Leutner, D. (2007). Instructional animation versus static pictures: A meta-analysis. Learning and Instruction, 17(6), 722\u2013738.","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.06.011","volume":"57","author":"G-J Hwang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hwang, G.-J., Wu, P.-H., & Ke, H.-R. (2011). An interactive concept map approach to supporting mobile learning activities for natural science courses. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2272\u20132280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.06.011.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.06.141","volume":"83","author":"SK Kamble","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamble, S. K., & Tembe, B. L. (2013). The effect of use of concept maps on problem solving performance and attitude in mechanical engineering course. Procedia\u2014Social and Behavioral Sciences, 83, 748\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.06.141.","journal-title":"Procedia\u2014Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"191_CR33","first-page":"188","volume":"9","author":"H Kaufmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaufmann, H. (2003). Collaborative augmented reality in education. Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, 9(11), 188.","journal-title":"Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/mti5030009","volume":"5","author":"I Kazanidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kazanidis, I., Pellas, N., & Christopoulos, A. (2021). A learning analytics conceptual framework for augmented reality-supported educational case studies. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 5(3), 9.","journal-title":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-006-0036-4","volume":"10","author":"L Kerawalla","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kerawalla, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S., & Woolard, A. (2006). \u201cMaking it real\u201d: Exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching primary school science. Virtual Reality, 10(3), 163\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-006-0036-4","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci9020157","volume":"9","author":"IM Kinchin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kinchin, I. M. (2019). The salutogenic management of pedagogic frailty: A case of educational theory development using concept mapping. Education in Science, 9, 157.","journal-title":"Education in Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-6861.2008.00174.x","volume":"7","author":"IM Kinchin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kinchin, I. M., Cabot, L., & Hay, D. B. (2008). Using concept mapping to locate the tacit dimension of clinical expertise: Towards a theoretical framework to support critical reflection on teaching. Learning in Health and Social Care, 7(2), 93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1473-6861.2008.00174.x","journal-title":"Learning in Health and Social Care"},{"key":"191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraut, B., & Jekni\u0107, J. (2015). Improving education experience with augmented reality (AR). In 2015 38th International convention on information and communication technology, electronics and microelectronics (MIPRO) (pp. 755\u2013760). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/MIPRO.2015.7160372"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.08.008","volume":"29","author":"K Kreijns","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kreijns, K., Van Acker, F., Vermeulen, M., & van Buuren, H. (2013). What stimulates teachers to integrate ICT in their pedagogical practices? The use of digital learning materials in education. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 217\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2012.08.008","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2008.09.012","volume":"52","author":"SY Kwon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kwon, S. Y., & Cifuentes, L. (2009). The comparative effect of individually-constructed versus collaboratively-constructed computer-based concept maps. Computers & Education, 52(2), 365\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2008.09.012","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-006-0055-1","volume":"11","author":"F Liarokapis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liarokapis, F. (2007). An augmented reality interface for visualizing and interacting with virtual content. Virtual Reality, 11(1), 23\u201343.","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.05.011","volume":"68","author":"T-J Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin, T.-J., Duh, H.B.-L., Li, N., Wang, H.-Y., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). An investigation of learners' collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Computers & Education, 68, 314\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.05.011.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4148\/2470-6353.1083","volume":"13","author":"D Long","year":"2011","unstructured":"Long, D., & Carlson, D. (2011). Mind the map: How thinking maps affect student achievement. Networks: An Online Journal for Teacher Research, 13, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4148\/2470-6353.1083","journal-title":"Networks: An Online Journal for Teacher Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/07377363.2020.1712579","volume":"68","author":"CT Machado","year":"2020","unstructured":"Machado, C. T., & Carvalho, A. A. (2020). Concept mapping: Benefits and challenges in higher education. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 68(1), 38\u201353.","journal-title":"The Journal of Continuing Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-012-9386-8","volume":"22","author":"G Mart\u00ednez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, G., P\u00e9rez, \u00c1. L., Suero, M. I., & Pardo, P. J. (2013). The effectiveness of concept maps in teaching physics concepts applied to engineering education: Experimental comparison of the amount of learning achieved with and without concept maps. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(2), 204\u2013214.","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci8010013","volume":"8","author":"K Marzetta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marzetta, K., Mason, H., & Wee, B. (2018). \u2018Sometimes They Are Fun and Sometimes They Are Not\u2019: Concept Mapping with English Language Acquisition (ELA) and Gifted\/Talented (GT) Elementary Students Learning Science and Sustainability. Education Sciences, 8(1), 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci8010013.","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.12973\/iji.2017.1038a","volume":"10","author":"SM Nair","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nair, S. M., & Narayanasamy, M. (2017). The Effects of Utilising the Concept Maps in Teaching History. International Journal of Instruction, 10(3), 109\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12973\/iji.2017.1038a.","journal-title":"International Journal of Instruction"},{"key":"191_CR48","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Learning through visual displays","author":"JC Nesbit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nesbit, J. C., & Adesope, O. O. (2013). Concept maps for learning. In N. C. Charlotte (Ed.), Learning through visual displays (pp. 303\u2013328). Information Age Publishing."},{"key":"191_CR49","unstructured":"Novak, J. D., & Ca\u00f1as, A. J. (2008). The theory underlying concept maps and how to construct and use them. Technical Report IHMC CmapTools 2006\u201301 Rev 01\u20132008, 36."},{"key":"191_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173469","volume-title":"Learning how to learn","author":"JD Novak","year":"1984","unstructured":"Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Concept mapping for meaningful learning. In J. B. Kahle (Ed.), Learning how to learn (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139173469","edition":"1"},{"key":"191_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012498365-6\/50003-2","volume-title":"Assessing science understanding","author":"JD Novak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Novak, J. D., Mintzes, J. I., & Wandersee, J. H. (2005). Learning, teaching, and assessment. In J. Mintzes, J. Wandersee, & J. Novak (Eds.), Assessing science understanding (pp. 1\u201313). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-012498365-6\/50003-2"},{"key":"191_CR52","unstructured":"Oh, S., & Byun, Y. C. (2012). The design and implementation of augmented reality learning systems. In 2012 IEEE\/ACIS 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Science (pp. 651-654). IEEE."},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR53","first-page":"7","volume":"4","author":"F \u00d6ner","year":"2005","unstructured":"\u00d6ner, F., & Arslan, M. (2005). \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim 6. S\u0131n\u0131f fen bilgisi dersi elektrik \u00fcnitesinde kavram haritalar\u0131 ile \u00f6\u011fretimin \u00f6\u011frenme d\u00fczeyine etkisi. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(4), 7.","journal-title":"The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"191_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pendley, B.D., Bretz, R.L., & Novak, J.D. (1994). Concept Maps as a Tool To Assess Learning in Chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 71(1), 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ed071p9.","DOI":"10.1021\/ed071p9"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR55","first-page":"19","volume":"12","author":"D Perez-Lopez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perez-Lopez, D., & Contero, M. (2013). Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case study on its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 12(4), 19\u201328.","journal-title":"Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"191_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3926\/jotse.276","volume":"7","author":"MDC Romero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romero, M. D. C., Cazorla, M., & Buz\u00f3n Garc\u00eda, O. (2017). Meaningful learning using concept maps as a learning strategy. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 7, 313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3926\/jotse.276","journal-title":"Journal of Technology and Science Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2736(200102)38:2<260::AID-TEA1005>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"38","author":"MA Ruiz-Primo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ruiz Primo, M. A., Schultz, S. E., Li, M., & Shavelson, R. J. (2001). Comparison of the reliability and validity of scores from two concept-mapping techniques. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 38(2), 260\u2013278.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00313830120115633","volume":"45","author":"J Sachs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sachs, J. (2002). A path model for student\u2019s attitude to writing a thesis. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 45(1), 99\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00313830120115633","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"191_CR59","unstructured":"\u015ean, \u0130. (2008). The effect of the topic \u2018transport system in plants\u2019 that is being taught with concept maps at the 2nd class of biology lesson to the success. Unpublished Master Thesis. Sel\u00e7uk University, Turkey."},{"key":"191_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.104054","volume":"134","author":"B Schiavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schiavi, B., Havard, V., Beddiar, K., & Baudry, D. (2022). BIM data flow architecture with AR\/VR technologies: Use cases in architecture, engineering and construction. Automation in Construction, 134, 104054.","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR61","first-page":"19","volume":"13","author":"R Sever","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sever, R., Budak, F. M., & Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya, E. (2009). The importance of concept maps in geography education. Atat\u00fcrk University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(2), 19\u201332.","journal-title":"Atat\u00fcrk University Journal of Social Sciences"},{"key":"191_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shelton, B. E., & Hedley, N. R. (2002). Using augmented reality for teaching Earth\u2013Sun relationships to undergraduate geography students. In The first IEEE international workshop augmented reality toolkit, Vol. 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ART.2002.1106948","DOI":"10.1109\/ART.2002.1106948"},{"key":"191_CR63","unstructured":"Shelton, B. E., & Stevens, R. (2004). Using coordination classes to interpret conceptual change in astronomical thinking. In 6th International conference for the learning sciences. 6th international conference for the learning sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates."},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.08.004","volume":"29","author":"C-X Shen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shen, C.-X., Liu, R.-D., & Wang, D. (2013). Why are children attracted to the Internet? The role of need satisfaction perceived online and perceived in daily real life. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 185\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2012.08.004","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13152\/IJRVET.5.1.1","volume":"5","author":"M S\u0131rakaya","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u0131rakaya, M., & \u00c7akmak, E. K. (2018). Effects of augmented reality on student achievement and self-efficacy in vocational education and training. International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 5(1), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13152\/IJRVET.5.1.1","journal-title":"International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training"},{"key":"191_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sumadio, D. D., & Rambli, D. R. A. (2010). Preliminary evaluation on user acceptance of the augmented reality use for education. In 2010 Second international conference on computer engineering and applications (pp. 461\u2013465). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCEA.2010.239","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEA.2010.239"},{"key":"191_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarng, W., Lin, Y. S., Lin, C. P., & Ou, K. L. (2016). Development of a lunar-phase observation system based on augmented reality and mobile learning technologies. Mobile Information Systems, 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8352791"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3109\/17453050903557359","volume":"33","author":"RG Thomas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thomas, R. G., William John, N., & Delieu, J. M. (2010). Augmented reality for anatomical education. Journal of visual communication in medicine, 33(1), 6\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of visual communication in medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.17718\/tojde.444635","volume":"19","author":"P Toledo-Morales","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toledo-Morales, P., & Sanchez-Garcia, J. M. (2018). Use of augmented reality in social sciences as educational resource. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(3), 38\u201352.","journal-title":"Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"191_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2013.11.015","volume":"25","author":"AB Tomi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomi, A. B., & Rambli, D. R. A. (2013). An interactive mobile augmented reality magical playbook: Learning number with the thirsty crow. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 123\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2013.11.015","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-015-0869-1","volume":"31","author":"M Trevisani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trevisani, M., Cohrs, C. R., Soares, M. A. L., Duarte, J. M. D., Mancini, F., Pisa, I. T., & Domenico, E. B. L. (2016). Evaluation of learning in oncology of undergraduate nursing with the use of concept mapping. Journal of Cancer Education, 31(3), 533\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13187-015-0869-1","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40299-019-00474-0","volume":"29","author":"SS Tseng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tseng, S. S. (2020). Using concept mapping activities to enhance students\u2019 critical thinking skills at a high school in Taiwan. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 29(3), 249\u2013256.","journal-title":"The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher"},{"key":"191_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci9030228","volume":"9","author":"AS Ullah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ullah, A. S. (2019). Fundamental issues of concept mapping relevant to discipline-based education: A perspective of manufacturing engineering. Education in Science, 9, 228.","journal-title":"Education in Science"},{"key":"191_CR74","unstructured":"URL-1. https:\/\/learningcenter.unc.edu\/tips-and-tools\/using-concept-maps\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2014.04.014","volume":"6","author":"R Vadlapatla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vadlapatla, R., Kaur, S., & Zhao, Y. (2014). Evaluation of student perceptions of concept mapping activity in a didactic pharmaceutics course. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 6(4), 543\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cptl.2014.04.014","journal-title":"Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR76","first-page":"27","volume":"28","author":"J Vanides","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vanides, J., Yin, Y., Tomita, M., & Ruiz-Primo, M. A. (2005). Using concept maps in the science classroom. Science Scope, 28(8), 27\u201331.","journal-title":"Science Scope"},{"issue":"9","key":"191_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1478","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.785628","volume":"35","author":"C Veronese","year":"2013","unstructured":"Veronese, C., Richards, J., Pernar, L., Sullivan, A., & Schwartzstein, R. (2013). A randomized pilot study of the use of concept maps to enhance problem-based learning among first-year medical students. Medical Teacher, 35(9), e1478-1484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0142159X.2013.785628","journal-title":"Medical Teacher"},{"issue":"10","key":"191_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2380716.2380717","volume":"2012","author":"X Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, X. (2012). Augmented reality: A new way of augmented learning. eLearn, 2012(10), 1.","journal-title":"eLearn"},{"key":"191_CR79","volume-title":"Teaching engineering","author":"PC Wankat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wankat, P. C., & Oreovicz, F. S. (2015). Teaching engineering. Purdue University Press."},{"key":"191_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.02.014","volume":"68","author":"R Wojciechowski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners\u2019 attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Computers & Education, 68, 570\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.02.014","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"191_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.024","volume":"62","author":"H-K Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, H.-K., Lee, S.W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., & Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers & Education, 62, 41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.024","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"191_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.10.322","volume":"103","author":"J-C Yen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yen, J.-C., Tsai, C.-H., & Wu, M. (2013). Augmented reality in the higher education: Students\u2019 science concept learning and academic achievement in astronomy. Procedia\u2014Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.10.322","journal-title":"Procedia\u2014Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2020.1869387","volume":"40","author":"C Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan, C., Wang, S., Yu, X., Kim, K. H., & Moon, H. (2021). The influence of flow experience in the augmented reality context on psychological ownership. International Journal of Advertising, 40(6), 922\u2013944.","journal-title":"International Journal of Advertising"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18785\/jetde.0401.10","volume":"4","author":"S Yuen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuen, S., Yaoyuneyong, G., & Johnson, E. (2011). Augmented reality: An overview and five directions for AR in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE), 4(1), 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18785\/jetde.0401.10","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)"},{"key":"191_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.01.003","volume":"73","author":"J Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Sung, Y. T., Hou, H. T., & Chang, K. E. (2014). The development and evaluation of an augmented reality-based armillary sphere for astronomical observation instruction. Computers & education, 73, 178\u2013188.","journal-title":"Computers & education"}],"container-title":["Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41039-022-00191-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s41039-022-00191-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s41039-022-00191-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T10:11:12Z","timestamp":1650881472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/telrp.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41039-022-00191-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41039-022-00191-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-7078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-7078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16"}}