{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:49:28Z","timestamp":1772239768647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energy Inform"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transition to a climate-neutral energy system involves the integration of many small components\u2014on the generation as well as on the consumption side. Their controllability is a crucial part of running a reliable energy system, for example, to prevent or resolve grid congestions. The smart meter infrastructure enables a secure integration of these small system units in grid operator processes. The technical realization of German smart meter infrastructure is detailed in the guidelines of the German Federal Office for Information Security. It must undergo certification before being deployed. In order to assess whether the standardized German infrastructure meets the requirements for the use case, we conducted a performance analysis including the three factors \u201coverall reliability\u201d, \u201cemerging data volume\u201d, and \u201clatency time\u201d. The investigated use case is \u201cLoad Management through Grid Operators\u201d. For data collection, we used log records from all participating devices along the process chain and recorded all network traffic. In total, we executed over 2000 commands within the test series and analyzed over 3.0\u00a0mio. data points. We concluded 98.2% successful power limitations for the overall reliability. The average emerging data volume is 14.97\u00a0kB when executing one command within one communication session. The latency time from the command until the reaction is on average 51\u00a0s, referring to the case of a curative power limitation and needing to establish a communication channel. Thus, the requirements for the considered use case are fulfilled, provided that the capacity of communication infrastructure is made available according to the number of controllable components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-022-00204-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T14:03:07Z","timestamp":1662645787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Performance evaluation of German smart meter infrastructure for load management through grid operators"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Springmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bruckmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"204_CR1","unstructured":"Allgemeinverf\u00fcgung zur Feststellung der technischen M\u00f6glichkeit zum Einbau intelligenter Messsysteme. Technical report, Bundesamt f\u00fcr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (2020). https:\/\/www.bsi.bund.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/BSI\/SmartMeter\/Marktanalysen\/Allgemeinverfuegung_Feststellung_Einbau_01_2020.pdf?__blob=publicationFile &v=1"},{"key":"#cr-split#-204_CR2.1","unstructured":"Amirshahram H, Wei Y, David G, Nada G (2019) Performance Assessment of Smart Meter Traffic over LTE Network Using SDR Testbed. In"},{"key":"#cr-split#-204_CR2.2","unstructured":"IEEE 2019 International Conference on Computing. Networking and Communications (ICNC). IEEE, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp 408-412"},{"key":"204_CR3","unstructured":"Best practices and assessment of regulatory measures for cost-efficient integration of electric vehicles into the electricity grid. Technical report, European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy, Directorate C - Green Transition and Energy System Integration, Unit C3 - Internal Energy Market (2022). https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/o\/opportal-service\/download-handler?identifier=d877544f-8a23-11ec-8c40-01aa75ed71a1 &format=pdf &language=en &productionSystem=cellar &part="},{"key":"204_CR4","unstructured":"Devices speak eebus\u2013the global language for energy in the internet of things. Technical report, EEBus Initiative e.V., Cologne. https:\/\/www.eebus.org\/download\/5731\/"},{"key":"204_CR5","unstructured":"DIRECTIVE 2009\/72\/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003\/54\/EC. Technical report, The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2009). https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072 &from=EN"},{"key":"204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estermann T, Bruckmeier A (2021) Smart Metering im C\/sells-Feldtest, Reicht die technische Performance f\u00fcr die Energiewirtschaft aus? In: BWK Energie., pp. 27\u201331. Forschungsstelle f\u00fcr Energiewirtschaft e.V. (FfE), Munich, Germany","DOI":"10.37544\/1618-193X-2021-7-8-27"},{"key":"204_CR7","unstructured":"Estermann T, Bruckmeier A, K\u00f6ppl S, Wohlschlager D (2019) Field test to demonstrate a smart market platform via smart meter infrastructure. In: Grid Integration Week Conference. Forschungsstelle f\u00fcr Energiewirtschaft e.V. (FfE), Munich, Germany"},{"key":"204_CR8","unstructured":"Gesetz \u00fcber die Elektrizit\u00e4ts- und Gasversorgung (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz - EnWG), \u00a714a Steuerbare Verbrauchseinrichtungen in Niederspannung; Verordnungserm\u00e4chtigung (2015)Technical report, Bundesministerium der Justiz Deutschland. https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/enwg_2005\/EnWG.pdf"},{"key":"204_CR9","unstructured":"Gesetz zur Digitalisierung der Energiewende. Technical report, Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie, Bonn (2016). https:\/\/www.bmwi.de\/Redaktion\/DE\/Downloads\/Gesetz\/gesetz-zur-digitalisierung-der-energiewende.pdf?__blob=publicationFile &v=4"},{"issue":"16","key":"204_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.941353","volume":"4","author":"J Gordijn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gordijn J, Akkermans H (2001) Designing and evaluating E-business models. IEEE Intell Syst 4(16):11\u201317","journal-title":"IEEE Intell Syst"},{"key":"204_CR11","unstructured":"Hinterstocker M (2019) Bidirectional charging management-field trial and measurement concept for assessment of novel charging strategies. In: International ETG Congress. Forschungsstelle f\u00fcr Energiewirtschaft e.V. (FfE), Munich, Germany"},{"key":"204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones CB, Lave M, Vining W, Garcia BM (2021) Uncontrolled electric vehicle charging impacts on distribution electric power systems with primarily residential, commercial or industrial loads. Energies 1688(14)","DOI":"10.3390\/en14061688"},{"key":"204_CR13","unstructured":"Marcus\u00a0Tj\u00e4der IB (2020) PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR SMART GRIDS\u2014an analysis of indicators that measure and evaluate smart grids. Technical report, School of Business, Society and Engineering M\u00e4lardalen University . http:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:1443103\/FULLTEXT01.pdf"},{"key":"204_CR14","unstructured":"Monitoringbericht 2021. Technical report (2022) Bundesnetzagentur f\u00fcr Elektrizit\u00e4t, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen, Bonn"},{"key":"204_CR15","unstructured":"M\u00fcller M (2021) Future grid load with bidirectional electric vehicles at home. In: International ETG Congress. VDE, Berlin, Germany"},{"key":"204_CR16","unstructured":"Smart meters and demand side response. Technical report, Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2016). https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/579774\/291116_-_Smart_meters__Demand_Side_Response_leaflet_-_DR_-_FINAL.PDF"},{"key":"204_CR17","unstructured":"Technische Richtlinie BSI TR-03109-1, Anforderungen an die Interoperabilit\u00e4t der Kommunikationseinheit eines intelligenten Messsystems. Technical report, Bundesamt f\u00fcr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, Bonn. https:\/\/www.bsi.bund.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/BSI\/Publikationen\/TechnischeRichtlinien\/TR03109\/TR03109-1.pdf;jsessionid=F367884B6039EEF4C60F09AF1FF33CDF.internet462?__blob=publicationFile &v=4"},{"key":"204_CR18","unstructured":"Verteilnetzausbau f\u00fcr die Energiewende - Elektromobilit\u00e4t im Fokus (2019) Technical report, Agora Verkehrswende, Agora Energiewende, Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)"}],"container-title":["Energy Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42162-022-00204-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42162-022-00204-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42162-022-00204-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T14:26:01Z","timestamp":1662647161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/energyinformatics.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42162-022-00204-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42162-022-00204-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2520-8942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2520-8942","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}