{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:31:51Z","timestamp":1793320311777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant Nos. 52478091 and 52178083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Nos. 52478091 and 52178083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Taishan Scholars Young Experts Funding Program of Shandong Province","award":["Grant No.tsqn202306236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No.tsqn202306236"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energy Inform"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-025-00505-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T18:46:18Z","timestamp":1742496378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Full life-cycle cost model for practical application of solar energy system"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ang","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruibang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"505_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.11.068","volume":"170","author":"O Bamisile","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bamisile O, Cai D, Adedeji M, Dagbasi M, Li J, Hu Y, Huang Q (2022) Thermo-enviro-exergoeconomic analysis and multi-objective optimization of a novel geothermal-solar-wind micro-multi-energy system for cleaner energy production. Process Saf Environ Prot 170:157\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2022.11.068","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot"},{"key":"505_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2011.12.016","volume":"100","author":"BP Jelle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jelle BP, Breivik C, R\u00f8kenes HD (2012) Building integrated photovoltaic products: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 100:69\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.solmat.2011.12.016","journal-title":"Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells"},{"key":"505_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44213-023-00023-y","author":"H Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou H, Tian X, Zhao Y, Chang C, Lin B (2024) Investigation of policy tools for energy efficiency improvement in public buildings in China\u2014current situation, obstacles, and solutions. City Built Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44213-023-00023-y","journal-title":"City Built Environ"},{"key":"505_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.105056","volume":"97","author":"S Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu S, Lu T, Hu X, Liu L, Wei Y-M (2020) Determinants of overcapacity in China\u2019s renewable energy industry: evidence from wind, photovoltaic, and biomass energy enterprises. Energy Econ 97:105056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.105056","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"505_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2023.03.053","volume":"174","author":"SB Arta\u015f","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arta\u015f SB, Kocaman E, Bilgi\u00e7 HH, Tutumlu H, Ya\u011fl\u0131 H, Yumruta\u015f R (2023) Why PV panels must be recycled at the end of their economic life span? A case study on recycling together with the global situation. Process Saf Environ Prot 174:63\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2023.03.053","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot"},{"key":"505_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2016.12.065","volume":"138","author":"MN Akter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akter MN, Mahmud MA, Oo AMT (2016) Comprehensive economic evaluations of a residential Building with solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems: an Australian case study. Energy Build 138:332\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enbuild.2016.12.065","journal-title":"Energy Build"},{"key":"505_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.07.043","volume":"82","author":"P Hacke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hacke P, Lokanath S, Williams P, Vasan A, Sochor P, TamizhMani G, Shinohara H, Kurtz S (2017) A status review of photovoltaic power conversion equipment reliability, safety, and quality assurance protocols. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 82:1097\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2017.07.043","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"505_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2012.08.003","volume":"51","author":"T Salsbury","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salsbury T, Mhaskar P, Qin SJ (2012) Predictive control methods to improve energy efficiency and reduce demand in buildings. Comput Chem Eng 51:77\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2012.08.003","journal-title":"Comput Chem Eng"},{"key":"505_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153645","volume":"822","author":"AQ Al-Shetwi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Shetwi AQ (2022) Sustainable development of renewable energy integrated power sector: trends, environmental impacts, and recent challenges. Sci Total Environ 822:153645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153645","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"505_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.08.024","volume":"28","author":"F Spertino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spertino F, Di Leo P, Cocina V (2013) Economic analysis of investment in the rooftop photovoltaic systems: A long-term research in the two main markets. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 28:531\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2013.08.024","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"505_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.11.054","volume":"156","author":"G Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu G, Li M, Zhou B, Chen Y, Liao S (2017) General indicator for techno-economic assessment of renewable energy resources. Energy Conv Manag 156:416\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.11.054","journal-title":"Energy Conv Manag"},{"key":"505_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-020-00109-5","author":"A Sha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sha A, Aiello M (2020) Topological considerations on peer-to-peer energy exchange and distributed energy generation in the smart grid. Energy Inf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42162-020-00109-5","journal-title":"Energy Inf"},{"key":"505_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-018-0012-8","author":"A Adepetu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adepetu A, Alyousef A, Keshav S, De Meer H (2018) Comparing solar photovoltaic and battery adoption in Ontario and Germany: an agent-based approach. Energy Inf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42162-018-0012-8","journal-title":"Energy Inf"},{"key":"505_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2016.07.066","volume":"130","author":"W Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang W, Liu Y, Wu X, Xu Y, Yu W, Zhao C, Zhong Y (2016) Environmental assessments and economic performance of BAPV and BIPV systems in Shanghai. Energy Build 130:98\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enbuild.2016.07.066","journal-title":"Energy Build"},{"issue":"1","key":"505_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3390\/en13010252","volume":"13","author":"V Muteri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muteri V, Cellura M, Curto D, Franzitta V, Longo S, Mistretta M, Parisi ML (2020) Review on life cycle assessment of solar photovoltaic panels. Energies 13(1):252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en13010252","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"505_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.11.074","volume":"184","author":"S Poonia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Poonia S, Jat NK, Santra P, Singh AK, Jain D, Meena HM (2021) Techno-economic evaluation of different agri-voltaic designs for the hot arid ecosystem India. Renewable Energy 184:149\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2021.11.074","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"505_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128314","volume":"316","author":"E Santoyo-Castelazo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santoyo-Castelazo E, Solano-Olivares K, Mart\u00ednez E, Garc\u00eda EO, Santoyo E (2021) Life cycle assessment for a grid-connected multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic system of 3 kWp: A case study for Mexico. J Clean Prod 316:128314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128314","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"505_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122375","volume":"270","author":"A Allouhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allouhi A (2020) Solar PV integration in commercial buildings for self-consumption based on life-cycle economic\/environmental multi-objective optimization. J Clean Prod 270:122375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122375","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"505_CR19","first-page":"460","volume":"44S2","author":"Q Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu Q (2023) A Case-Based economic analysis of the lifecycle of photovoltaic Building integrated systems. Jianzhu Jingji 44S2:460\u2013464","journal-title":"Jianzhu Jingji"},{"key":"505_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2019.100431","volume":"27","author":"MS Chowdhury","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chowdhury MS, Rahman KS, Chowdhury T, Nuthammachot N, Techato K, Akhtaruzzaman Md, Tiong SK, Sopian K, Amin N (2019) An overview of solar photovoltaic panels\u2019 end-of-life material recycling. Energy Strategy Reviews 27:100431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esr.2019.100431","journal-title":"Energy Strategy Reviews"},{"key":"505_CR21","unstructured":"Homer Energy by UL (2025) HOMER Pro: Microgrid software for optimizing distributed energy systems. [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.homerenergy.com\/. Accessed Jan 20, 2025"},{"key":"505_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.03.199","volume":"48","author":"LE Boujdaini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boujdaini LE, Jurado F, Mezrhab A, Moussaoui MA, Vera D (2023) Cost and size optimization of hybrid solar and hydrogen subsystem using HomerPro software. Int J Hydrog Energy 48:24018\u201324036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.03.199","journal-title":"Int J Hydrog Energy"},{"key":"505_CR23","unstructured":"UL Solutions (2024) Salvage Value Calculation Method. [Online]. HOMER Pro. Available at: https:\/\/support.ul-renewables.com\/homer-manual-pro\/salvage_value.html. Accessed Dec 30, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.239","volume":"209","author":"R Pr\u0103v\u0103lie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pr\u0103v\u0103lie R, Patriche C, Bandoc G (2018) Spatial assessment of solar energy potential at global scale. A geographical approach. J Clean Prod 209:692\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.239","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"505_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.119045","volume":"315","author":"F Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen F, Yang Q, Zheng N, Wang Y, Huang J, Xing L, Li J, Feng S, Chen G, Kleissl J (2022) Assessment of concentrated solar power generation potential in China based on geographic information system (GIS). Appl Energy 315:119045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.119045","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"505_CR26","volume-title":"Management accounting: analysis and interpretation","author":"CS McWatters","year":"2000","unstructured":"McWatters CS, Zimmerman JL, Morse DC (2000) Management accounting: analysis and interpretation. Irwin\/McGraw-Hill, Boston"},{"key":"505_CR27","unstructured":"Solargis P (2024) Solar radiation data. [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/apps.solargis.com\/. Accessed Feb 7, 2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"505_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2011.05.001","volume":"85","author":"BJ Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang BJ, Ding WL, Huang YC (2011) Long-term field test of solar PV power generation using one-axis 3-position sun tracker. Sol Energy 85(9):1935\u20131944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.solener.2011.05.001","journal-title":"Sol Energy"},{"key":"505_CR29","unstructured":"Trading E (2024) World Interest Rates and Inflation Rates. [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/zh.tradingeconomics.com\/. Accessed Dec 30, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR30","unstructured":"World Bank (2024) Inflation, consumer prices (annual %). [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/data.worldbank.org.cn\/indicator\/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG. Accessed Dec 30, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR31","unstructured":"People\u2019s Bank of China (2024) Statistical Report on Interest Rates and Inflation in China. [Online]. Available at: http:\/\/www.pbc.gov.cn\/. Accessed Dec 30, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR32","unstructured":"Photovoltaic Silicon Product Website (2024) Product lifespan information. Available at: http:\/\/www.ups3.com\/index.php\/list\/index\/id\/1.html. Accessed February 10"},{"key":"505_CR33","unstructured":"Weaver KT (2018) Security risks and technology obsolescence reduce smart meter expected lifetimes. Smart Grid Awareness. Available at: https:\/\/smartgridawareness.org\/2018\/09\/25\/technology-obsolescence-reduces-smart-meter-lifetimes\/. Accessed February 10, 2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"505_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/batteries10060202","volume":"10","author":"H-C Chung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chung H-C (2024) The long-term usage of an off-grid photovoltaic system with a lithium-ion battery-based energy storage system on high mountains: A case study in Paiyun lodge on Mt. Jade Taiwan Batteries 10(6):202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/batteries10060202","journal-title":"Jade Taiwan Batteries"},{"key":"505_CR35","unstructured":"National Energy Group (2023) Announcement of the winning results of the group-level photovoltaic module public bidding in 2023. [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.ceic.com\/. Accessed Jan 15, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR36","unstructured":"International Energy Network (2024) Incomplete statistics of photovoltaic EPC bidding 2024. [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.in-en.com\/. Accessed Feb 2, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR37","unstructured":"Gao Gong Industrial Research Institute (2023) Gao Gong energy storage industry database. [Online]. Available at: http:\/\/www.gg-ii.com\/. Accessed Jan 20, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR38","unstructured":"Arctech Solar (2018) Arctech Solar IPO prospectus 2018. [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.arctechsolar.cn\/. Accessed Jan 26, 2024"},{"key":"505_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2021.101920","volume":"51","author":"A Mohammed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammed A, Ghaithan A, Al-Hanbali A, Attia AM, Saleh H, Alsawafy O (2021) Performance evaluation and feasibility analysis of 10 kWp PV system for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 51:101920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seta.2021.101920","journal-title":"Sustain Energy Technol Assess"},{"issue":"6","key":"505_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.3390\/en13061457","volume":"13","author":"XC Ngo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ngo XC, Nguyen TH, Y N DO, Nguyen DM, Vo D-VN, Lam SS, Heo D, Shokouhimehr M, Nguyen V-H, Varma RS, Kim SY, Van Le Q (2020) Grid-Connected photovoltaic systems with Single-Axis sun tracker: case study for central Vietnam. Energies 13(6):1457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en13061457","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"505_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.10.007","volume":"200","author":"N Naval","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naval N, Yusta JM (2022) Comparative assessment of different solar tracking systems in the optimal management of PV-operated pumping stations. Renewable Energy 200:931\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2022.10.007","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"}],"container-title":["Energy Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42162-025-00505-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42162-025-00505-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42162-025-00505-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T18:46:27Z","timestamp":1742496387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/energyinformatics.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42162-025-00505-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42162-025-00505-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2520-8942"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2520-8942","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}