{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T18:30:50Z","timestamp":1759775450789},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cybersecur"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>The functional encryption scheme designed using the lattice can realize fine-grained encryption and it can resist quantum attacks. Unfortunately, the sizes of the keys and ciphertexts in cryptographic applications based on learning with errors are large, which makes the algorithm inefficient. Therefore, we construct a functional encryption for inner product predicates scheme by improving the learning with errors scheme of Agrawal et al. [Asiacrypt 2011], and its security relies on the difficulty assumption of ring learning with errors. Our construction can reduce the sizes of the keys and ciphertexts compared with the learning with errors scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-020-00062-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:08:36Z","timestamp":1604966916000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inner product encryption from ring learning with errors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Shisen","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaojun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuexin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"62_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46447-2_33","volume-title":"Public-Key Cryptography \u2013 PKC 2015","author":"M Abdalla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdalla, M, Bourse F, De Caro A, Pointcheval D (2015) Simple functional encryption schemes for inner products. In: Katz J (ed)Public-Key Cryptography \u2013 PKC 2015, 733\u2013751.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR2","first-page":"577","volume":"2020","author":"M Abdalla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdalla, M, Catalano D, Gay R, Ursu B (2020) Inner-product functional encryption with fine-grained access control. IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch 2020:577.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch"},{"key":"62_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13190-5_28","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agrawal, S, Boneh D, Boyen X (2010) Efficient lattice (h)ibe in the standard model. In: Gilbert H (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010, 553\u2013572.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR4","first-page":"280","volume-title":"Public-Key Cryptography-PKC 2015","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agrawal, S, Boyen X, Vaikuntanathan V, Voulgaris P, Wee H (2012) Functional encryption for threshold functions (or fuzzy ibe) from lattices. In: Fischlin M, Buchmann J, Manulis M (eds)Public-Key Cryptography-PKC 2015, 280\u2013297.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25385-0_2","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2011","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agrawal, S, Freeman DM, Vaikuntanathan V (2011) Functional encryption for inner product predicates from learning with errors. In: Lee DH Wang X (eds)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2011, 21\u201340.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, S, Libert B, Stehl\u00e9 D (2016) Fully secure functional encryption for inner products, from standard assumptions. In: Robshaw M Katz J (eds), 333\u2013362.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53015-3_12"},{"key":"62_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03298-1_16","volume-title":"Pairing-Based Cryptography \u2013 Pairing 2009","author":"N Attrapadung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Attrapadung, N, Imai H (2009) Conjunctive broadcast and attribute-based encryption. In: Shacham H Waters B (eds)Pairing-Based Cryptography \u2013 Pairing 2009, 248\u2013265.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1145\/1594977.1592585","volume":"39","author":"R Baden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baden, R, Bender A, Spring N, Bhattacharjee B, Starin D (2009) Persona: An online social network with user-defined privacy. ACM SIGCOMM Conf Appl Technol Architectures Protocol Comput Commun 39:135\u2013146.","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Conf Appl Technol Architectures Protocol Comput Commun"},{"key":"62_CR9","first-page":"476","volume":"2010","author":"C Blundo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blundo, C, Iovino V, Persiano G (2010) Predicate encryption with partial public keys. Cryptol Netw Secur 2010:476.","journal-title":"Cryptol Netw Secur"},{"key":"62_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19571-6_16","volume-title":"Theory of Cryptography","author":"D Boneh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boneh, D, Sahai A, Waters B (2011) Functional encryption: Definitions and challenges. In: Ishai Y (ed)Theory of Cryptography, 253\u2013273.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR11","first-page":"287","volume":"2006","author":"D Boneh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boneh, D, Waters B (2006) Conjunctive, subset, and range queries on encrypted data. IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch 2006:287.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch"},{"key":"62_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32928-9_31","volume-title":"Security and Cryptography for Networks","author":"J Camenisch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Camenisch, J, Dubovitskaya M, Enderlein RR, Neven G (2012) Oblivious transfer with hidden access control from attribute-based encryption. In: Visconti I De Prisco R (eds)Security and Cryptography for Networks, 559\u2013579.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13190-5_27","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010","author":"D Cash","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cash, D, Hofheinz D, Kiltz E, Peikert C (2010) Bonsai trees, or how to delegate a lattice basis. In: Gilbert H (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010, 523\u2013552.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03329-3_23","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2018","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, J, Gong J, Wee H (2018) Improved inner-product encryption with adaptive security and full attribute-hiding. In: Peyrin T Galbraith S (eds)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2018, 673\u2013702.. Springer, Cham."},{"key":"62_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45608-8_2","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2014","author":"L Ducas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ducas, L, Lyubashevsky V, Prest T (2014) Efficient identity-based encryption over ntru lattices. In: Sarkar P Iwata T (eds)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2014, 22\u201341.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR16","first-page":"89","volume":"89-98","author":"V Goyal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goyal, V, Pandey O, Sahai A, Waters B (2006) Attribute-based encryption for fine-grained access control of encrypted data. ACM Conf Comput Commun Secur 89-98:89\u201398.","journal-title":"ACM Conf Comput Commun Secur"},{"key":"62_CR17","first-page":"305","volume":"2015","author":"MD Green","year":"2015","unstructured":"Green, MD, Miers I (2015) Forward secure asynchronous messaging from puncturable encryption. IEEE Comput Soc 2015:305\u2013320.","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Soc"},{"key":"62_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78967-3_9","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2008","author":"J Katz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Katz, J, Sahai A, Waters B (2008) Predicate encryption supporting disjunctions, polynomial equations, and inner products. In: Smart N (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2008, 146\u2013162.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10623-016-0303-7","volume":"85","author":"K Kurosawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kurosawa, K, Phong L (2017) Anonymous and leakage resilient ibe and ipe. Des Codes Crypt 85:273\u201398.","journal-title":"Des Codes Crypt"},{"key":"62_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16745-9_14","volume-title":"Information Security and Cryptology","author":"RWF Lai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lai, RWF, Cheung HKF, Chow SSM (2015) Trapdoors for ideal lattices with applications. In: Lin D, Yung M, Zhou J (eds)Information Security and Cryptology, 239\u2013256.. Springer, Cham."},{"key":"62_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1587\/transfun.E101.A.915","volume":"E101.A","author":"K LEE","year":"2018","unstructured":"LEE, K (2018) Two-input functional encryption for inner products from bilinear maps. IEICE Trans Fundam Electron Commun Comput Sci E101.A:915\u2013928.","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Fundam Electron Commun Comput Sci"},{"key":"62_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13190-5_4","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010","author":"A Lewko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewko, A, Okamoto T, Sahai A, Takashima K, Waters B (2010) Fully secure functional encryption: Attribute-based encryption and (hierarchical) inner product encryption. In: Gilbert H (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010, 62\u201391.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-89500-0_11","volume-title":"Information and Communications Security","author":"J Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, J, Zhang D, Lu X, Wang K (2018) Compact (targeted homomorphic) inner product encryption from lwe. In: Qing S, Mitchell C, Chen L, Liu D (eds)Information and Communications Security, 132\u2013140.. Springer, Cham."},{"key":"62_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libert, B, \u0162i\u0163iu R (2019) Multi-client functional encryption for linear functions in the standard model from LWE. In: Steven DG Shiho M (eds)Advances in Cryptology-ASIACRYPT 2019-25th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Kobe, Japan, December 8-12, 2019, Proceedings, Part III, 520\u2013551.. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34618-8_18"},{"key":"62_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.01.016","volume":"108","author":"Z Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Z, Jiang Z, Wang X, Yiu S (2018) Practical attribute-based encryption: Outsourcing decryption, attribute revocation and policy updating. J Netw Comput Appl 108:112\u2013123.","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"62_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/11787006_13","volume-title":"Automata, Languages and Programming","author":"V Lyubashevsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lyubashevsky, V, Micciancio D (2006) Generalized compact knapsacks are collision resistant. In: Bugliesi M, Preneel B, Sassone V, Wegener I (eds)Automata, Languages and Programming, 144\u2013155.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010","author":"V Lyubashevsky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lyubashevsky, V, Peikert C, Regev O (2010) On ideal lattices and learning with errors over rings. In: Gilbert H (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010, 1\u201323.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1109\/FOCS.2004.72","volume-title":"Proceedings - Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS","author":"D Micciancio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Micciancio, D, Regev O (2004) Worst-case to average-case reductions based on gaussian measures In: Proceedings - Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS, 372\u2013381.. IEEE, Rome. Proceedings - 45th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, FOCS 2004 ; Conference date: 17-10-2004 Through 19-10-2004."},{"key":"62_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10366-7_13","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2009","author":"T Okamoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okamoto, T, Takashima K (2009) Hierarchical predicate encryption for inner-products. In: Matsui M (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2009, 214\u2013231.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10623-015-0131-1","volume":"77","author":"T Okamoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Okamoto, T, Takashima K (2015) Achieving short ciphertexts or short secret-keys for adaptively secure general inner-product encryption. Des Codes Cryptogr 77:725\u2013771.","journal-title":"Des Codes Cryptogr"},{"key":"62_CR31","first-page":"556","volume":"2010","author":"A O\u2019Neill","year":"2010","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, A (2010) Definitional issues in functional encryption. IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch 2010:556.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch"},{"key":"62_CR32","first-page":"597","volume":"2011","author":"B Parno","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parno, B, Raykova M, Vaikuntanathan V (2011) How to delegate and verify in public: Verifiable computation from attribute-based encryption. IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch 2011:597.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch"},{"key":"62_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/11681878_8","volume-title":"Theory of Cryptography","author":"C Peikert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peikert, C, Rosen A (2006) Efficient collision-resistant hashing from worst-case assumptions on cyclic lattices. In: Halevi S Rabin T (eds)Theory of Cryptography, 145\u2013166.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63697-9_10","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2017","author":"M Ro\u015fca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ro\u015fca, M, Sakzad A, Stehl\u00e9 D, Steinfeld R (2017) Middle-product learning with errors. In: Katz J Shacham H (eds)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2017, 283\u2013297.. Springer, Cham."},{"key":"62_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/11426639_27","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2005","author":"A Sahai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sahai, A, Waters B (2005) Fuzzy identity-based encryption. In: Cramer R (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2005, 457\u2013473.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10366-7_36","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2009","author":"D Stehl\u00e9","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stehl\u00e9, D, Steinfeld R, Tanaka K, Xagawa K (2009) Efficient public key encryption based on ideal lattices. In: Matsui M (ed)Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2009, 617\u2013635.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2020.05.008","volume":"833","author":"J Tomida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tomida, J (2020) Tightly secure inner product functional encryption: Multi-input and function-hiding constructions. Theor Comput Sci 833:56\u201386.","journal-title":"Theor Comput Sci"},{"key":"62_CR38","first-page":"270","volume":"2020","author":"Y Tseng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tseng, Y, Liu Z, Tso R (2020) Practical predicate encryption for inner product. IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch 2020:270.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch"},{"key":"62_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17259-6_4","volume-title":"Public-Key Cryptography \u2013 PKC 2019","author":"Z Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Z, Fan X, Liu F-H (2019) Fe for inner products and its application to decentralized abe. In: Lin D Sako K (eds)Public-Key Cryptography \u2013 PKC 2019, 97\u2013127.. Springer, Cham."},{"key":"62_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-89500-0_12","volume-title":"Information and Communications Security","author":"Z Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, Z, Fan X, Wang M (2018) Compact inner product encryption from lwe. In: Qing S, Mitchell C, Chen L, Liu D (eds)Information and Communications Security, 141\u2013153.. Springer, Cham."},{"key":"62_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11859-019-1377-7","volume":"24","author":"D Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei, D, Gao H (2019) An inner product encryption scheme based on dual systems. Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci 24:125\u2013133.","journal-title":"Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci"},{"key":"62_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36362-7_15","volume-title":"Public-Key Cryptography \u2013 PKC 2013","author":"K Xagawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xagawa, K (2013) Improved (hierarchical) inner-product encryption from lattices. In: Kurosawa K Hanaoka G (eds)Public-Key Cryptography \u2013 PKC 2013, 235\u2013252.. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"62_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01950-1_24","volume-title":"Information and Communications Security","author":"K Yun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun, K, Wang X, Xue R (2018) Identity-based functional encryption for quadratic functions from lattices. In: Naccache D, Xu S, Qing S, Samarati P, Blanc G, Lu R, Zhang Z, Meddahi A (eds)Information and Communications Security, 409\u2013425.. Springer, Cham."},{"key":"62_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"2019","author":"D Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, D, Li J, Li B, Lu X, Xue H, Jia D, Liu Y (2019) Deterministic identity-based encryption from lattice-based programmable hash functions with high min-entropy. Secur Commun Netw 2019:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Secur Commun Netw"},{"key":"62_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64701-2_4","volume-title":"Network and System Security","author":"L Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, L, Wu Q (2017) Adaptively secure hierarchical identity-based encryption over lattice. In: Yan Z, Molva R, Mazurczyk W, Kantola R (eds)Network and System Security, 46\u201358.. Springer, Cham."}],"container-title":["Cybersecurity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42400-020-00062-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42400-020-00062-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42400-020-00062-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:09:45Z","timestamp":1604966985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cybersecurity.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42400-020-00062-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["62"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42400-020-00062-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2523-3246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2523-3246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}